Exam 3 Flashcards
(83 cards)
What is the most important component of a pig’s diet?
Energy
Describe least cost formulation
balance diets at the least possible cost
What are the elements of the partition of energy?
Gross energy, digestible energy, metabolizable energy, net energy
What is gross energy (GE)?
amount of energy in the feed
What is digestible energy (DE)?
GE minus energy in feces
What is metabolizable energy (ME)?
GE minus energy in the urine
What is net energy (NEm/NEg)?
ME minus heat increments
- maintenance and production
What is catabolism?
degradation of complex compounds to simple nutrients
What is anabolism?
synthesis of complex compounds from simple substances
How are feed programs executed correctly 100% of the time?
everyone (feed desk, mill, board room, slat level) must be 100% bought in
What is the main goal of a nutritional consultant?
communicate, but also design, predict, execute, and validate
What 3 variables affect a nutrition consultants reccomendation?
mostly cost, but also revenue, time, and space
what is the ideal protein concept?
a protein that supplies the optimum amino acid profile and ideally matches the pigs requirements
what is the first limiting amino acid in swine diets?
lysine
How are amino acid requirements expressed?
relative to lysine
what nutrient ratio is most important to bone development?
Ca:P (2.2:1 ratio)
What happens to lysine requirements asa pig grows?
it changes due to an increase in feed intake and a decrease in protein deposition
what happens to nutrient requirements over the grow-finish period?
they decrease
what is done to meet the changes in nutrient demands?
phase feeding
How does phase feeding impact an operations management?
reduce feed mill and logistic efficiency
-more labor in feed mill
- more feed deliveries
What are the steps in diet formulation?
1.) set dietary energy level
2.) lysine to energy ratio (SID)
3.) ratio of amino acids to lysine
4.) phosphorus level and Ca to P ratio
5.) select levels of vitamins, minerals, and additives
what is one of the biggest drives of performance variability?
health
what percent of growing pig mortalities are from health factors?
68%
what are a few economic factors that disease impacts?
-increase mortality (less pigs sold)
- higher vet and lab costs
- less live weight
- lower ADG (less growth)