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Final Exams > EXAM 3 > Flashcards

EXAM 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Define Creativity

What are the two and three criteria?

A
  • Two criteria is generations of ideas that are both novel and useful.
  • Three criteria is the production of ideas that are original useful, and surprising
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2
Q

Creativity Reading by Dan Keith Simonton

What is Little-c and Big-C creativity?

A
  • Little-c creativity is creativity is what we find in the everyday production of novel solutions
  • Big-C is creativity refers to major productions of importance
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3
Q

Characterizing creativity

How do you characterize creativity?

A
  • mental process that yields adaptive and original ideas (Cognitive process, divergent thinking, multiple uses of something)
  • Type of person who exhibits creativity (Someone who exhibits creativity and personality trait, character strength)
  • Products that result from a creative process or person (Learn about creative process through visuals or auditory products, Creativity isn’t just about art or music, but problem solving, to help world problems, utilizing creativity, Don’t have an overarching conform definition)
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4
Q

Creative Person

What are traits of a creative person?

A
  • Understands innovative problem-solving
  • Independent
  • Nonconformist
  • Unconventional
  • Greater openness to new experiences
  • Greater to cognitive flexibility
  • Wide interest (wide array of interests)
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5
Q

Flow

Define Flow

A

the enjoyment of deep absorption in what one is doing

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6
Q

Flow

What are examples of reported experiences of flow

A
  • Reading for pleasure
  • Sports
  • Driving a car
  • Religious rituals
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7
Q

Flow

What are the conditions of flow experience?

A
  • Perceived balance between challenges and skill
  • Clear and proximal goals
  • Immediate and unambiguous feedback
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8
Q

Flow

What is the description of flow states?

A
  • A merging of action and awareness
  • High challenge meets high skill
  • Flow state meets skill
  • Complete consent on task at hand
  • A loss of self-consciousness
  • Heightened sense of control
    effortless
  • Distortion of temporal perception
  • Autotelic (of an activity or a creative work having an end or purpose in itself) nature of the experience
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9
Q

Flow: state vs. trait

Rates of Flow: Do you ever get involved in something so deeply that nothing else seems to matter, and you lose track of time?

What are the statistics?

A
  • 20% of American and European samples report often, sometimes several times a day
  • 15% of have no experience
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10
Q

Measuring Flow

What is a system to measure flow?

A
  • The Experience sampling method (ESM)
  • an intensive longitudinal research methodology that involves asking participants to report on their thoughts, feelings, behaviors, and/or environment on multiple occasions over time

Measure conducted on the phone

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11
Q

Flow

What are traits of an Autoletic personality?

A
  • Ability to achieve flow
  • Quantity of time experiencing flow as indicator
  • characteristics such as curiosity, persistence, low self-centeredness, etc.
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12
Q

Flow

Flow and Subjective Well-Being

A

“Simple truth”: the quality of our lives is determined by how well we are able to control our consciousness

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13
Q

Flow

How to promote flow?

A
  • By cultivating activities and environments conducive (helpful) to flow experiences
  • reflecting upon one’s own characteristics and skills that promote flow
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14
Q

Flow

What are critiques of the flow state?

A
  • overengagement, too much immersion, and burnout
  • not being able to access flow can cause a vicious cycle frustration and distraction
  • complete absorption of self, causing one to lose oneself and lose emotional and behavioral flexibility
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15
Q

Mindfulness reading:

Aspects of a wandering mind is an unhappy mind by Matthew A. Killingsworth and Daniel T. Gilbert

Explores the relationship between mind-wandering and happiness

A
  • uses smartphone app to collect real-time data about participants’ thoughts and feelings
  • results: people are less happy when their minds are wandering, regardless of the activity they are engaged in
  • wandering mind is associated with negative thoughts and decrease in well-being
  • the study emphasizes the importance of staying present and focused on the task at hand for a more content and fulfilling life
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16
Q

Mindfulness interventions: J. David Creswell

A
  • studying the impact of mindfulness interventions on psychological well-being and stress reduction
  • results suggest mindfulness interventions can lead to reduced stress, improved emotional well-being, and enhanced cognitive functions
  • the effectiveness of mindfulness practices in promoting mental health and resilience

interventions: meditiation and conscious awareness of the present moment

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17
Q

Mindfulness defintion

Define mindfulness

A
  • A process of openly attending, with awareness, to one’s present moment experience
  • Contemporary conceptualizations: “open and accepting attitude…of attending to experience with a curious, detached, and nonreactive orientation
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18
Q

Mindfulness

Primary mindfulness interventions

A
  • Mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) and related group-based mindfulness interventions
  • Mindfulness intervention retreats and brief interventions
  • Internet and smartphone application mindfulness interventions
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19
Q

Mindfulness

What are the effect of mindfulness interventions?

A
  • Physical health
  • Mental health
  • Cognitive and affective outcomes
  • Interpersonal outcomes
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20
Q

Mindfulness

What is mind wandering?

A

stimulus-independent thought

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21
Q

Resilience

Aspects of resilience?

A
  • Coping well with adversity
  • The capacity to move forward
  • The capacity of a dynamic system to adapt successfully to disturbances that threaten its ability to function and continue developing
  • Significant exposure to risk or adversity (Resilience manifests when an individual faces struggle)
  • Individual demonstrates competence in spite of this (Individuals continue to functions and develop in spite of stressors)

* Disturbances: stressors, adversity, crises

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22
Q

Resilience

What are the protective factors of resilience?

A
  • individual/intrinsic factors Psychological, neurological factors, Coping strategies for adversity can relate to personality traits
    Think they can only turn to themselves when facing adversity)
  • Social factors (Social, affective, emotional, financial, and instrumental support
    Benefits of adversity derive from social connection)
  • Community factors (surrounding economic, institutional, ecological, and infrastructure environments )
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23
Q

Resilience

What are the patterns of recovery from trauma?

A
  • Stress resistant resilience
  • Bouncing back
  • Delayed reaction
  • Lack of recovery
  • Post traumatic growth
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24
Q

Resilience

What is allostatis? How does it relate to resilience?

A

achieving stability through change

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25
Q

Resilience

What is the relationship between resilience and well-being?

A
  • Scores of resilience closely correlated with well-being
  • Well-being is good prediction of your capacity to be resilient
  • Resilience can be negatively correlated with well-being (For anyone to exhibit resilience, the must experience struggle)
26
Q

Resilience

How does positive psychology correlate in your life?

A
  • Move likely to retain things if its self-referential
  • When applying things to own like makes it easier to learn and understand concepts that can help you cope with adversity
27
Q

Relationships

What does positive social relationships help with?

A
  • Close relationships
  • Opportunity for companionship
  • Keeping each other company
  • Buffer against loneliness
  • Social support
  • Levels of self-disclosure (a process of communication by which one person reveals information about themselves to another) in relationships
  • Instrumental aid (if someone is injured)
28
Q

Relationships

Danish Twin Study

A
  • 75+ year study (longitudinal study)
  • Positive social tie = spouse, friend, twin, etc.
  • Positive social ties were major factor in longevity, Stronger for women, Twins with positive social ties live longer
29
Q

Relationships

Correlation between positive social relationships and longevity

A
  • Social integration and supportive relationships (seen as vital towards longevity) can help with, Smoking , Obesity, and Engagement in physical exercise
30
Q

Relationships

What are the Appetitive and Aversive processes in relationships?

A
  • Appetitive = positive factors
  • Aversive = dysfunctional relationships
31
Q

Relationships

How is social support correlated with positive health outcomes?

social support = offer help when things go poorly

A
  • Greater resistance to disease
  • Lower rates of coronary heart disease
  • Faster recovery from heart disease and heart surgery
  • Lower mortality
32
Q

Relationships

What is the microphone vs the spotlight?

A
  • Microphone is the one who is talking
  • Spotlight is what is being focused on
33
Q

Relationships

What are the confidants of relationships?

confidants meaning closely related aspects to relationships

A
  • Better overall health
  • Lower risky and self-destructive behavior
  • Reduced rates of cardiovascular impairment, high blood pressure, asthma
  • Greater psychological resiliency
  • Less vulnerability to depression
34
Q

Relationships

The relationship between connections and adversity?

minority groups
same-sex couples

A
  • minority groups
  • same-sex couples
35
Q

Relationships

What is the correlation between relationships and pets?

A
  • Lower blood pressure
  • Reduced rates of angina (A type of chest pain caused by reduced blood flow to the heart.)
  • Increased longevity
  • Higher rates of life satisfaction
36
Q

Relationships

What is Capitalization?

A

The social sharing of positive events

37
Q

Relationships

What are the aspects of Capitalization?

A
  • Active constructive response (ACR)
  • Passive constructive (PCR)
  • Active destructive (ADR)
  • Passive destructive (PDR)
38
Q

Relationships

What are the personal benefits of capitalization (beyond the impact of the positive event)?

A
  • Increased positive emotions
  • Increased subjective well-being
  • Increased self-esteem
  • Decreased loneliness
39
Q

Relationships

What are the implications of relationship?

A
  • The positive events lead to the emotinal affect and cogniton linked to specific event
40
Q

Relationships

What are the interpersonal benefits of capitalization?

A
  • Increased satisfaction
  • Increased intimacy
  • Increased commitment
  • Increased trust
  • Increased liking
  • Increased closeness
  • Increased stability
41
Q

Relationships

What does capitalizing on positive events look like?

A
  • Listen actively and empathically
  • Try to understand the significance of the event
  • Mirror their enthusiasm
  • Ask constructive questions about the event
  • Reintroduce the positive event into conversation
  • Respond actively and constructively to your friends, family, and partners
42
Q

Meaning

What are the three aspects of meaning?

A
  • Significance: Worthwhile and significant, your life matters
  • Comprehension: Comprehensible and makes sense, coherence, unified driving force
  • Purpose: Marked by the embrace or pursuit of one or more high valued, overarching purposes or missions , the idea of enacting your values
43
Q

Meaning

What are sources of meaning?

A
  • Relationships
  • Nature
  • Hobby and leisure activities
  • Pets
  • Possessions
  • Satisfying everyday necessities
  • Religion, personal or cultural values
  • Education
  • Technology
  • Organizations
  • Activities
  • Physical environment
  • Future aspirations
  • Work
  • Various aspects of one’s self
44
Q

Meaning

Meaning is self report

A
  • An individual determines meaning for themselves
45
Q

Meaning

What are the positive correlations to meaning in life?

A
  • Extraversion (positive correlation)
  • Conscientiousness (positive correlation)
  • Neuroticism (negative correlation)
  • Character strengths associated with meaning (curiosity and hope)
46
Q

Meaning

What are the negative correlations to meaning in life?

A
  • Negative affect and emotions
  • Hopelessness
  • Stress
  • Anxiety
  • Alcohol and substance use problems
  • Depression
  • Suicidality
47
Q

Meaning

How does meaning foster well-being?

A
  • Scoring high on poster effect may indicate closer personal relationships and high prosocial behaviors
  • Experiencing negative emotions may indicate lower score in meaning in one’s life
48
Q

Meaning

How does meaning lead to health?

A
  • Cultural value associated with certain lifestyles
49
Q

Meaning: The Search for Meaning

Search vs presence of meaning

A
  • Search: The extent to which people are seeking meaning in their lives
  • High levels of search for meaning can have a low level of presence of meaning
  • Non-linear relationship between presence and search for meaning
50
Q

Meaning

Measuring meaning

A
  • The meaning in life questionnaire, some questions account for presence of meaning subscales, other questions account for search for meaning subscales
51
Q

Savoring

What are the three temporal forms of savoring?

A
  • Future-oriented
  • Present-oriented
  • Past-oriented
52
Q

Savoring

What are the four types of savoring?

A
  • basking
  • marveling
  • luxuriating
  • thanksgiving
53
Q

Savoring

Savoring: Young Adult Study

A
  • Daily positive events
  • Daily savoring accounted for the link between positive events and happiness
  • Daily happiness
  • Occurs throughout the lifespan, but younger adults report greater savoring
54
Q

Savoring

What are five ways to enhance and promote savoring?

A
  • Experiential absorption
  • Sensory-perceptual sharpening (A more refined and concentrated attention to the sensory elements; taste, aroma and visual) that contribute to pleasure and satisfaction
  • Gratitude making (counting blessings)
  • Sharing with others
  • Memory building
55
Q

Savoring

What are factors that may inhibit savoring?

A
  • Stress
  • Time constraints
  • Self-consciousness
56
Q

Measuring Savoring

How is savory measured?

A
  • The Savoring Beliefs Inventory (SBI)
57
Q

Measuring Savoring

What are Savoring Beliefs Inventory (SBI) scores positively correlated with?

A
  • Affect intensity
  • Intensity and frequency of happiness
  • Life satisfaction
  • Optimism
  • Extraversion (how energetic, sociable and friendly a person is)
  • Self-esteem
  • Internal locus of control
  • Reported self-control behaviors
58
Q

Measuring Savoring

What are Savoring Beliefs Inventory (SBI) scores negatively correlated with?

A
  • Frequency of unhappy and neutral affect
  • Guilt
  • Hopelessness
  • Neuroticism (distress and dissatisfaction)
  • Depression
59
Q

Savoring

What is the relationship between savoring and nature?

A
  • Seeking natural environments can heighten evolutionary ecological niche
60
Q

Savoring

Effects of natural environments on positive affect

A
  • reduced stress
  • Lower fatigue
  • Better mood
  • Greater happiness

Final Exams (6 decks)

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