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bio 219 > exam 3 > Flashcards

exam 3 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Genome

A

size is not related to complexity or # of genes

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2
Q

Tandom Repeats

A

andandandandand
-telomeres (uses RNA to extend 3’ peice)

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3
Q

Interspersed/transposons

A

Jumping genes
Cut and paste (enzyme cuts, ligase paste into new)
Copy and Paste (transcription, revererse trans. cut and ligate)

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4
Q

Helicase

A

breaks h bonds with ATP

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5
Q

Primase

A

Creates RNA primer, uses atp as monomer

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6
Q

ss binding proteins

A

prevent reannling

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7
Q

topisomeerase

A

relieves tension, can cut and religate DNA

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8
Q

Prophase

A

chromosomes condense with histones
centromere-tandom repeats

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9
Q

prometaphase

A

nucleus breaks down due to phosphorylation which adds a negative charge

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10
Q

metaphase

A

chromosomes align using centromere

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11
Q

anaphase

A

dyeins walk microtubles toward them, pulls them back

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12
Q

cyto

A

actin seperates cells

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13
Q

mitosis creates two

A

identical diploid cells

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14
Q

metaphase 1

A

homologous chromosomes line up

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15
Q

anaphase 1

A

two double haploid cells

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16
Q

anaphase 2

A

results in haploid daughter cells

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17
Q

3 to 5 exo

A

fixes mismatch

18
Q

mismatch

A

before cell division
-parent strand is methylated

19
Q

base excision

A

interphase, G1, G2
-removes base
cuts ligates
-creating an abasic site,

20
Q

nuc excision

A

interphase, G1, G2
-removes 10 bp to fix thymine dimers

21
Q

double strand

A

Creates translocations

22
Q

recombination

A
  1. Used for both DNA repair and to generate variation during
23
Q

order of cells

A

toti, pluri, multi

24
Q

epigenetics factors

A

no change to DNA structure
heritable through mitosis
reversible
respond to environment

25
Q

Structural changes to genome

A

x-inactivation (increase histones)
position of nucleosomes

26
Q

distal promoter

A

regulatory DNA sequences (enhancer silencer)

27
Q

glycosylation

A

adding sugars

28
Q

alkylation

A

lipid anchor; hydrophobic

29
Q

polymerization

A

quaternary structure

30
Q

phosphorylation

A

add - charge, tyrosine kinase

31
Q

acetylation

A

neutralizes + charge; histones
-add more access

32
Q

Ubiquitylation

A

dedgredation

33
Q

tight

A

prevent everything built by cluadins
-add polarization

34
Q

adherens

A

link loosely
-cadherins

35
Q

Gap

A

allow solutes to pass through from cell to cell
-connexins

36
Q

Collagen

A

provides strength

37
Q

elastin

A

provides stretch
-covalent bonds primary proteins

38
Q

hydrated matrix

A

squish
-sugars attract water

39
Q

integrin

A

transmembrane
-connects cyto to ECM

40
Q

fibronexin

A

multi domain protein
-binds to integrin and ECM proteins

bio 219 (3 decks)

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