Exam 3 Flashcards
personality disorder definition
extreme in traits and suffer distress or impaired functioning across many situations
often problems in relating to others
how many are diagnosed with multiple PDs
2/3 of people with PD
Ego dystonic
behavior not part of identity
ex. OCD
Ego Syntonic
behavior part of identity
ex. ODPC
Clinicians focus on __ and __ when diagnosing PDs (DMS-5)
personality functioning (impairment) and pathological personality traits (OCEAN)
HiTOP
Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychology
alternative to DSM
identifies individuals on a spectrum
Antisocial PD
violates rights of others and breaks laws often
disregard for social norm
lack of guilt and remorse
facade
more common in lower SES but may be overlooked in white collars
Avoidant PD
avoid social relationship bc fear of rejection
different from social phobia bc may not have crippling anxiety
OCPD
rigid way of relating to others
perfectionsit
strong work ethic but can’t meet deadlines bc perfectionism
don’t necessarily need O and C
Borderline PD
intense unstable relationships, fear of abandonment, unrealistic self image, emotional volatility, self-destructive behavior
Narcissistic PD
inflated self image
demands attention
difficulty taking criticism
relational trouble
Schizotypal PD
difficulty forming relationships
eccentric thoughts and behaviors
6th sense
The dark triad
narcisism, Machiavellian(manipulative, cunning), psychopathy(lack of empathy)
Hans Kohurts PD
self psychology
healthy narcissism in childhood mounts to facade in adulthood to cover feelings of inadequacy
Otto Kemberg PD
borderline PD reflects splitting of self after early failure to develop holistic sense of self
Margaret Mahler PD
separation from mom fails
Psychodynamic perspective PD
the people
Kohut, Kemberg, Mahler
Cognitive Learning PD
childhood reinforcement of negative behaviors
Cognitive Learning PD
excessive control leads to …
OCPD
Cognitive Learning PD
excessive restriction leads to …
avoidant PD
Cognitive Learning PD
rewards tied to performance and appearance leads to…
narcissistic PD
Cognitive Learning PD
people not seen as reinforcers leads to…
antisocial PD
Cognitive Learning PD
Problem solving therapy
train antisocial adults to view negative social interacts as problems to be solved rather than threats to manhood
Cognitive Learning PD
Dialect-Behavior Therapy
analysis of behavior and response exploration of what could be done better
Biological perspective PD
lack of emotional response
^low epinephrine = low anxiety
crave stimulation bc imbalance of baseline arousal
treatment is antidepressents to remove anxiety symptoms
dissociative disorders
splitting of functions of personality, memory, or consciousness
Dissociative Disorder names
Hysterical Dissociate Disorder
Multiple Personality Disorder
Dissociate Identity Disorder
DID
body occupied by 2+ alters
history of child sexual/physical abuse
blank spells
voices in head
self destructive behaviors
historically tied symptoms to fads (demonic possession)
Sybil
MPD caused by childhood sexual abuse
Dr. asked her to imagine alters during hypnosis and sodium penthanol
Psychodynamic perspective DID
ego trying to escape from traumatic experience
alters isolate trauma and protect other alters from it
Sociocognitive perspective DID
iatrogenic behavioral syndrome: cause by medical treatment
promoted by suggestion and social environment
Theoretical Perspective DID
HINT: social
social reinforcement, social learning
Diathesis stress DID
traumatic event triggers underlying vulnerabilities like being prone to fantasy and borderline
Dissociative Amnesia
memory loss of past events with no identifiable origin
typically episodic, not procedural
continuous memory loss
loss from event to present
systematic memory loss
tied to specific domains (family)
generalized memory loss
loss of entire life history
selective memory loss
only selected disturbing details lost
localized memory loss
surrounding specific event
DID treatment
talk therapy
goal to integrate personalities
hypnosis to elicit alters
dissociative fugue
amnesia accompanied by flight to new location and assumption of new identity
Depersonalization/Derealization
feel detached from self and environment
like youre in a dream
sense of time disrupted
somatoform disorders
complaints of physical symptoms without a physical cause
simple somatoform disorder
disrupting symptom and excessive thoughts about the symptom
1 month+
Complex somatic symptom disorder
disrupting symptom and excessive thoughts about the symptom
6 months+
Conversion Disorder
loss/impairment of physical functioning w/absence of cause
often in young females in times of conflict
can be manifested in mass hysteria
synergistic effect of a drug
can multiply effects of a drug when similar drugs used together
antagonistic effect of a drug
taking opposite drugs can lead to a toxic buildup bc one is not properly metabolized
what do depressants do (biologically)
slow CNS
heighten GABA sensitivity
alcohol is a (depressant or stimulant)
depressant
opiates (what is does and example)
relieve pain
heronin
methadone for heroine dependence reduction
psychoactive drugs
(2 kinds)
liver disease and digestive system cancers
korsakoffs syndrome (amnesia)
wirnickes disease (delirium, temors, balance)
moderate use has health benefits
2 kinds: stimulants and hallucingens
stimulants
(bio, 3 examples)
dopamine agonist
increase neural activity (so crash later)
cigarettes
cocaine-inhibits dopmaine and norepinephrine reuptake
amphetamine-stimulates production and inhibits reuptake of dopamine, bad crash
hallucinogenic drugs
serotonin/glutamate agonists
paranoia and panic attacks
LSD
Marijuana-THC
Biological perspective of substance abuse
treatments
detox-antagonists inhibit alcohol metabolism
taste aversion learning
antidepressant reduce withdrawal
replacement therapy (nicotine patch)
cirrhosis
liver disease
learning perspective substance abuse
operant conditioning-tension reduction: removal of withdrawal symptoms when using
classical conditioning: association of feel good and drug
social learning: emulate parents and peers
substance abuse treatment
behavioral self control therapy: diaries to be aware of patterns and triggers
aversion learning: pair w/unpleasant stimulus
social skills training to avoid association scenarios
cue exposure method: progressive exposure to train to refuse alcohol
relapse prevention training: don’t overreact and binge bc 1 drink
cognitive perspective substance abuse
expectations
expectancy model: expect effects based on beliefs
self efficacy expectations: stimulants enhance our belief in our abilities
substance abuse psychodynamic perspective
oral fixation
anorexia nervosa
low body weight
distortion of body image
fear of weight gain
2 types: restricting and binging/purging
bulimia nervosa
recurrent binge eating and purging
overconcern of weight gain/shape
eating disorders are most prevalent in…
caucasian and asian americans
cognitive perspective eating disorders
need for perfectionism
need for control
distortion of body image
biological perspective eating disorders
imbalance of serotonin
eating disorder treatment
emergency hospitalization and feeding
supportive nursing care and high calorie diet
cognitive behavioral therapy: establish autonomy and personal control, break perfectionism, eliminate weight=worth
exposure w/response prevention: break desire to binge after eating
SSRI
high relapse
