Exam 3 Flashcards
describe the Baroque period
after the renaissance.
from 1600 through 1750.
Misshapen pearl or crough or imperfect pearl.
barque pearls- not perfectly spherical during this time.
what are typically misshapen?
baroque pearls
unlike modern perfectly spherical pearls: uneven and ROUGH
what is unity of mood?
when a baroque piece would usually express one CONTINUOUS mood
meant to appease and balance the effectious
- involves emotional state
define rhythm
rhythm- unity is conveyed through a continuity of rhythm
describe terraced music
- dynamic music
- sudden leaps in volume
-fluctuation in dynamics ALTERS the MOOD
-too much fluctuation can make the audience “seasick”
Johann Sebastian Bach
1685-1750
master composer and improviser of the Baroque style
from Germany and stayed there
master pipe organist
Lutheran
Bach did whatever he wanted
married his first cousin… weirdo
equal temperament
created by Bach (or someone close to him)
allows fixed-pitched instruments to play in all keys
tuning system we use today
overature
orchestra composition that informs the audience of the overall dramatic mood
castrati
“Alessandro Moreschi”
extremly wealthy, paid more than composers
speaclizaed male singavs whose voice is produced by castration (no nut surgery = no puberty, but many died from it) of the singer before puberty
—> physical, large barrel chest, characteristics
successful castrato lived like a king, “rockstars”
describe cantatas
- full congregation participates
- many taken from folk songs and catholic hymns
- instrumental accompaniment
- steady rhythm & usually one note per syllable
opera
- drama that is sung to orchestral accompaniment
began in Italy around 1600
entertainment for the UPPER class
***fusion of acting, music, poetry, dance, scenery, costumes, etc.
camerata (group of artisocrats)
began in Florance Italy
Camerata
-fellowship or society
-group of nobles and artists entertaining themselves
modeled after ancient Greek tragedy
greek tragedy
main influences of opera
librettist/dramatist
employs a composer & dramatist
person who writes the text
-the librettist WRITES the libretto
libretto
“the words”
voice types
opera employs speacial trained singers:
sopranos:
lyrics soprano- light voice, roles for grace & charm
dramatic soprano- full powerful voice
coloratura (soprano)- very high range, can execute rapid scales & trills and VIRTOUSTIC DISPLAY
tenors:
lyric tenor- same as a lyric soprano but in tenor range
dramatic tenor- smooth lryical voice
basso:
basso buffo- comic roles, can sng very fast, bouncy bass voice, “butler character”
basso profundo- very low range, pwerful, roles, calling for dignity —> father figure or GOD
opera seria
more serious
opera buffa
buffa- comic opera
aria
often the main attraction sung for solo voice
long-have a definite beginning, peak, and end
recitative
often lead into an aria vocal line that initiates the rhythms & pitch of speech/words are sung clearly & QUICKLY
—> carries the action forward & give information quickly
contratenor
male voice trained to sing on the range of a female contralto
used to replace roles of the castrati
—> new voice type
concerto
a composition for a solo instrument accompanied by an orchestra
concerto and concerto grosso
a concerto w/ more than one soloist
multiple movements
—> usually three: fast, slow, fast
cadenza
typically in last movement (of 3 or 4)
a solo passage the soloist plays during a concerto
rhythmically free
often virtuosic
improvised or notated
—> no orchestral background
Wagner
Richard Wagner
Leitmotif
a short musical idea (theme) that is associated w/ a person, object, or thought/emotion
can be altered in subtle ways to convey
—> hate “ low then high scoop” sound
—> villain
—>love of renunciation/death of love
—> jaws/dragons
—> alberioh’s
—> fate “high flat bar then low flat bar”
film score
Wagner set foundation
symphony No. 1 I. Allegro
Chevalier Saint-Georges
string quartet No. 3
Chevalier Saint-Georges
Adagio in F minor
Chevalier Saint-Georges
Brandenburg concerto No. 5 I. Allegro
J.S. Bach
Brandenburg concerto No. 5 III. Allegro
J.S. Bach
cell suite No 1 IV Sarabande
Bach
Golberg Variations
Variation 1 - J.S Bach
Golberg Variations - Aria
J.S. Bach
Vedro con mio Diletto
Vivaldi
four seasons
vivaldi
define melody
melody- CONTINUOUS, elaborate and ornamented
dynamics are _____?
terraced
MELODY is ________ and ________ .
continuous and ornamented
Johann Sebastian Bach was a master what?
pipe organist
who created EQUAL TEMPERAMENT?
Bach or someone near him
describe chorales
a hymn tune usually sung
opera was a fusion of what?
acting, music, poetry, dance, scenery, and costumes.
what were the camerata?
group of aristocrats
camerata’s were modeled after what?
ancient greek tragedy
the librettist writes ?
the libretto
describe the lyric soprano voice type
light voice, roles for GRACE AND CHARM
describe the dramatic soprano voice type
full powerful voice
what can the coloratura do?
can ex evite rapid scales and trills and VIRTUOSIC DISPLAY, have very high range
describe the lyric tenor voice type
light voice for roles of grace and charm, but in TENOR RANGE.
describe the basso buffo voice type
bouncy bass voice (butler character), used for comic roles.
can sing very fast
describe the basso profundo voice type
very LOW range, powerful roles calling for dignity —> FATHER figure or GOD
opera seria is more?
more serious
what is a buffa?
a comic opera
an aria is?
often the main attraction sung for a SOLO VOICE and ORCHESTRAL accompaniment
(have definite beginning, peak, and end)
what is often lead into an Aria vocal line?
recitative
recitatives are often?
often lead into an ARIA vocal line that imitates the rhythms and pitch of SPEECH/WORDS and are sung clearly and quickly!
—> carrie’s action forward and gives information QUICKLY
what is an overature?
orchestral composition that informs the audience of the overall DRAMATIC MOOD
castrati aimed for what characteristics?
large barrel chests, with castration done
how did castrati live?
successful castrati lived like kings or rockstars.
what is a contratenor?
male voice trained to sing in the range of a FEMALE CONTRALTO
—> used to replace roles of castrati “new voice type”
what is a concerto?
a composition for a SOLO instrument accompanied by an orchestra
what is a concerto GROSSO?
a concerto with MORE than ONE soloist
concertos typically have how many movements?
3
when is a cadenza typically played?
in the LAST MOVEMENT
describe a cadenza
a SOLO passage the SOLIST plays during a CONCERTO
rhythmically free, often virtuosic and improvised or notated.
what is a leitmotif?
a short musical idea (theme) associated with a person, object, or thought/emotion
what’s special about film score?
richard wagoner set the foundation for the FILM SCORE
what is the classical symphony pattern?
- fast
- slow
- dance
- fast
where was saint georges born?
guadeloupe, an island in the Caribbean
the first chair (soloist) violin is often considered what?
the SECOND IN COMMAND from the conductor
what song sounds emo like the corpse bride?
ADAGIO IN F MINOR - by the fav CHEVALIER SAINT GEORGES
what song has only a cello soloist in it?
cello suite no. 1 IV. BT SARABANDE (BACH)
what song was a piano solo?
goldberg variations - ARIA - by JS BACH!!!!
which song was hype as hell?
four seasons by vivaldi
