Exam 3

Question 1

Emotion

Answer 1

a state of arousal involving facial and bodily changes, brain activation, cognitive appraisals, subjective feelings, and tendencies toward action, all shaped by cultural rules

Question 2

3 components of emotion

Answer 2

body response
expressive reaction
subjective experience
thus, emotions are said to be multi-dimensional

Question 3

Body response

Answer 3

increased blood pressure, heart rate, muscle tension, respiration, etc. Associated with emotions
Expression: anger “it makes my blood boil”

Question 4

Expressive reaction

Answer 4

Includes various facial and other bodily expressions that we can show, acting out in response to an emotional experience
Both nature and nurture influence expressive reactions
Ekman’s research showing the universal/innate aspects of facial expressions (diversity-universality)

Question 5

microexpressions

Answer 5

very brief facial expressions that last only a fraction of a second. They occur when a person either deliberately or unconsciously conceals a feeling.

Question 6

empathy training for resident physicians

Answer 6

a randomized controlled trial of a neuroscience-informed curriculum
Conclusion-
a brief intervention grounded in the neurobiology of empathy significantly improved physician empathy as rated by patients, suggesting that the quality of care in medicine could be improved by integrating the neuroscience of empathy into medical education

Question 7

experimental method

Answer 7

can be used to answer questions about human psychology

Question 8

other indicators of emotion

Answer 8

body language, including posture
explicit acts
voice qualities
Not everyone reads these cues equally well

Question 9

culture learning position

Answer 9

the facial expressions of emotion are learned within a given culture. Diversity-universality and nature-nurture enduring issues.

Question 10

display rules

Answer 10

social and cultural rules that regulate when, how, and where a person may express (or must suppress) emotions

Question 11

subjective experience

Answer 11

how we label the psychological experience
feelings of happiness, anger, fear, etc.
this is how we “feel” when we experience emotion
the typical view of what emotions are the feelings we have

Question 12

Darwin’s view

Answer 12

1. Adaptive and survival functions: helps meet challenges of the social world- compete for status, win mates, defend ourselves, social bonding (e.g., love and attachment)
2. Communication function: informs others how we feel/are likely to behave. Emotions as a nonverbal language

Question 13

Principle of antithesis

Answer 13

hostile frame of mind vs. humble and affectionate

Question 14

Goleman’s emotional intelligence (EI and EQ)

Answer 14

importance of emotions in our everyday, social lives

Question 15

EI

Answer 15

ability to identify your own and other people’s emotion accurately, express your emotions clearly, and regulate emotions in yourself

Question 16

Emotional intelligence quesitions

Answer 16

1. Self awareness: knowing what we are feeling and why we are feeling it
2. Self management: handling your distressing emotions in an effective way
3. Empathy: knowing what someone else is feeling
4. Putting them together: emotional intelligence
   Benefits of empathy training: all anti social behavior goes down, academic achievement goes up, pro social behavior goes up

Question 17

Damasio’s view

Answer 17

Emotions are important in making good decisions. Really cannot, and should not, separate completely emotion and cognition/reason, that is, to think only with one’s head and not with one’s heart

Question 18

Plutchik’s basic emotions

Answer 18

Classification system
Primary emotions: found in all cultures, survival value, distinct facial expressions
Secondary emotions: not necessarily found in all cultures)
Ex- love= joy and acceptance

Question 19

Three dimensional system

Answer 19

families of emotions that are related, differing in intensity
diversity-universality enduring issue

Question 20

Common sense view

Answer 20

emotion leads to behavior
stimulus (growling dog) -> emotion (subjective experience-fear) -> behavior (arousal/body response-run) ->fear-> run

Question 21

James-Lange theory

Answer 21

Behavior leads to emotion
Stimulus (growling dog) -> arousal/behavior (run)-> emotion (fear; the reverse of the common sense view) run-> fear

Question 22

Cannon-Bard theory

Answer 22

Both emotion and behavior occur simultaneously, one is not the cause of the other
Stimulus-> emotion (fear) AND
Stimulus->behavior/arousal (run)

Question 23

Cognitive theory

Answer 23

cognitive evaluation is what is happening in the situation is needed before an emotion is experience
stimulus (growling dog)-> arousal/behavior-> cognitive appraisal/interpretation of stimulus-> emotion

In some cases, cognitive evaluation of the situation determines the particular emotion experienced
Other cases, emotion is quick, no cognitive appraisal

Question 24

PNS

Answer 24

sympathetic nervous system and the fight-or-flight response, hormone released

Question 25

CNS

Answer 25

limbic system/amygdala involved in emotion/ reading of faces

prefrontal cortex and its role in controlling emotions; also, role of the cortex in interpreting situations, which contributes to the particular emotion experienced

Question 26

gender and emotion

Answer 26

in a study, when men and women saw depictions of people in distress, the men showed little emotion, but the women expressed feelings of concern. Physiological measures showed that men were just as affected as women were. The men inhibited the expression of their emotion