Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology 241 > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Cornea

A

A transparent window which allows light to pass into the eye and refracts the light

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Iris/pupil

A

The iris is smooth muscle containing circularly shaped muscles and radial muscles. They contract to
dilate (radial muscles) or constrict (circular muscles) pupil. The pupil is the opening between the iris
and allows more or less light in to focus the light

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Ciliary body/lens

A

Ciliary muscles have suspensory ligaments (zonules) which are attached to the lens. The zonules pull on
the lens (ciliary muscles relaxed) to make it more flat for distance vision and the zonules are slack
(ciliary muscles are contracted) which makes the lens more curved for close vision

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Retina

A

Layers of cells that contain rods or cones synapsing with bipolar cells and ganglion cells to send an AP to the occipital lobe for visual processing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Define antagonistic

A

hormones cause opposite effects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Synergistic

A

Hormones cause an additive effect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Permissive

A

One hormone allows (permits) a second hormone have its effect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Lipophilic hormones

A

Steroids and thyroid hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How is the anterior pituitary different from the posterior pituitary?

A

The anterior pituitary lobe produces and releases hormones. The posterior lobe does not produce hormones, but does store hormones produced by the hypothalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Hair cells in the semicircular canals respond to stimuli and function as:
a. Exteroreceptors
b. Nociceptors
c. Proprioceptors
d. Chemoreceptors

A

c. Proprioceptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Which of the following taste modalities does NOT require G-proteins?
a. Quinine
b. Sweet
c. Sour
d. Umami
e. More than one of the above

A

c. Sour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

The lens is most convex(curved) when
a. Focusing on distant objects
b. Radial iris muscles are contracting
c. Ciliary muscles are contracting
d. Circular iris muscles are contracting
e. Ciliary muscle are relaxing

A

c. Ciliary muscles are contracting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Which of the following is a role of cGMP?
a. Used as a 2nd messenger in the Phospholipase-C hormone action
b. Causes GLUT4 enzymes to travel from the cytoplasm to the plasma membrane
c. Allows Na+ channels to stay open in rod cells
d. Binds to rhodopsin in dark curren

A

c. Allows Na+ channels to stay open in rod cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Retinoic Acid and its receptor bind to one half-site on the hormone-response element (HRE) and then form a
heterodimer with which type of hormone?
a. Steroid
b. Glycoprotein
c. Thyroid
d. Polypeptide

A

c. Thyroid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Which of the following is NOT true about endocrine glands?
a. Target cells need receptors specific to the hormone
b. Hormones will affect the metabolism of target cells
c. Hormones are secreted through ducts into the bloodstream
d. Specialized neurons can secrete neurohormones into the blood
e. All of the above are true

A

c. Hormones are secreted through ducts into the bloodstream

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Name the structure responsible for kinetic equilibrium (rotational acceleration):
a. Photoreceptors
b. Cochlea
c. Semicircular canals
d. Utricle and saccule

A

c. Semicircular canals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Within a taste bud, which of the following is true?
a. The blocking of receptors results in the detection of the taste sensation
b. G-protein coupled receptors are involved in detecting salty substances
c. Supporting cells possess the receptors for detecting taste modalities
d. Ion channels are involved in detecting salty and sour substances

A

d. Ion channels are involved in detecting salty and sour substances

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Which of the following categories is NOT represented by a group of hormones?
a. Amines
b. Polypeptides
c. Glycoproteins
d. Nucleic acids
e. Steroid

A

d. Nucleic acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

When activated by a G-protein subunit, adenylate cyclase will convert ATP to:
a. ADP
b. cAMP
c. cGMP
d. AMP

A

b. cAMP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

n which of the following mechanisms of hormone action can dimerization be observed?
a. Phospholipase-C-Ca2+
b. Thyroid Hormone Action
c. Tyrosine Kinase
d. A and B
e. B and C

A

e. B and C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

During relaxation, which of the following does not lengthen?
a. A band
b. H zone
c. I band
d. M line
e. More than one of the above

A

e. More than one of the above

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Examples of two hormones from the hypothalamus that stimulate the release of hormones from the anterior
pituitary are:
a. GnRH and ADH
b. PIH and Somatostatin
c. TRH and CRH
d. GnRH and PIH

A

c. TRH and CRH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Within muscle, bundles of ____________ are ensheathed by endomysium
a. Fasicles
b. Myofibers
c. Sarcomeres
d. Myofibrils

A

b. Myofibers

24
Q

Which of these statements about the adrenal cortex is TRUE?
a. It is not innervated by sympathetic preganglionic nerve fibers
b. It secretes some androgens
c. It secreted aldosterone
d. It is stimulated by ACTH
e. All of these are true

A

e. All of these are true

25
Q

Where do nuclear receptor proteins bind onto DNA?
a. Target gene
b. Hormone-biding domain
c. Hormone-response element
d. Transcription factor

A

c. Hormone-response element

26
Q

Mark all that apply. __________ require(s) ATP for signal transduction
a. Steroid hormone receptor
b. Adenylate Cyclase – cAMP
c. Tyrosine Kinase
d. Phospholipase-C-Ca2+

A

c. Tyrosine Kinase

27
Q

Before contraction,
a. ATP is hydrolyzed and cause the “power stroke”
b. Ca2+ is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum and binds to actin
c. ATP is hydrolyzed and actin heads are “cocked”
d. Tropomyosin is moved by troponin

A

d. Tropomyosin is moved by troponin

28
Q

A muscle will generate maximum active force when
a. Actin completely overlaps myosin to get the max amount of cross bridges
b. Actin does not overlap myosin, and the H zone is stretched wider in order to allow maximum filament sliding
c. The sarcomere is at an ideal resting length that allows some cross bridges and some H zone space for filament
sliding
d. Flexing bicep muscle with 50% load

A

c. The sarcomere is at an ideal resting length that allows some cross bridges and some H zone space for filament
sliding

29
Q

After which step does myosin form cross bridges?
a. Secreting Ca2+ into the sarcoplasm
b. Binding ATP
c. The power stroke
d. Releasing ADP

A

a. Secreting Ca2+ into the sarcoplasm

30
Q

During stretching, the ___________ is responsible for detecting too much tension within a tendon and sends IPSPs
to relax the muscle
a. Muscle Spindle Apparatus
b. Golgi Tendon Organ
c. Alpha motor neuron
d. Gamma motor neuron

A

b. Golgi Tendon Organ

31
Q

Stephanie went to Korean BBQ restaurant and smelled delicious BBQ in the air. However, after about 20 minutes,
she could hardly smell it anymore. This is an example of:
a. Accommodation by phasic receptors
b. Adaptation by phasic receptors
c. Adaptation by tonic receptors
d. Accommodation by tonic receptors

A

b. Adaptation by phasic receptors

32
Q

Lower frequency sound waves
a. Induce less action potentials
b. Depolarize receptors near the apex of the cochlear duct
c. Depolarize receptors near the base of the cochlear duct
d. A and B
e. A and C

A

b. Depolarize receptors near the apex of the cochlear duct

32
Q

he sensory hair cells that detect Joshua doing a somersault are found in the
a. Organ of Corti
b. Crista Ampullaris
c. Ossicle
d. Macula

A

b. Crista Ampullaris

33
Q

hich of the following taste receptors increase cytoplasmic [Ca2+]?
a. Salty
b. Sweet
c. Umami
d. Sour
e. Bitter

A

a. Salty
d. Sour
e. Bitter

34
Q

Which of the following statements about Generator Potentials is FALSE?
a. GP are proportional to stimulus intensity
b. GP have a threshold
c. In phasic receptors, the GP amplitude will decrease in response to a constant stimulus
d. AP amplitude is proportional to amplitude of GP

A

d. AP amplitude is proportional to amplitude of GP

35
Q

The following gland secretes hormones in response to higher blood osmolality
a. Anterior pituitary
b. Posterior pituitary
c. Adrenal cortex
d. Parathyroid

A

b. Posterior pituitary

36
Q

A patient’s neuronal signaling and muscle contractions are not performing properly due to low blood Ca2+ levels.
What hormone might the patient be lacking?
a. Parathyroid hormone
b. Cortisol
c. Calcitonin
d. Aldosterone

A

a. Parathyroid hormone

37
Q

he myosin light chain kinase activates myosin in:
a. Skeletal muscle
b. Cardiac muscle
c. Smooth muscle
d. Striated muscle
e. More than one of the above

A

c. Smooth muscle

38
Q

Which of the following mechanisms utilizes calmodulin?
a. Adenylate Cyclase-cAMP
b. Tyrosine Kinase
c. Smooth muscle contraction
d. Muscle spindle apparatus

A

c. Smooth muscle contraction

39
Q

Mark all that apply. Which pumps/channels can calcium pass through?
a. Dihydropiridine (DHP) receptor along transverse tubules (T-tubule)
b. ATPase pump on Sarcoplasmic Reticulum (SR)
c. Gap junctions in smooth muscle
d. Nicotinic receptor

A

a. Dihydropiridine (DHP) receptor along transverse tubules (T-tubule)
b. ATPase pump on Sarcoplasmic Reticulum (SR)
c. Gap junctions in smooth muscle

40
Q

Which of the following statements about muscle is FALSE?
a. In order for contraction to occur in skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle, Ca2+ must bind to troponin
b. Smooth muscle has no z-discs or tropomyosin
c. Interneurons release stimulatory or inhibitory signals to signal contraction or relaxation
d. Fast glycolytic muscle fibers contain fewer capillaries than fast oxidative muscle fibers

A

a. In order for contraction to occur in skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle, Ca2+ must bind to troponin

41
Q

During ovulation of the menstrual cycle, there is a peak in secretion of
a. LH
b. FSH
c. Estrogen
d. Progesterone
e. Pheromones

A

a. LH
c. Estrogen

42
Q

What is the order of mechanism of hearing?
(a) Vibration of tympanic membrane are transferred through 3 ossicles (malleus->incus->stapes)
(b) Soundwave is collected by outer ear
(c) Stapes presses on oval window
(d) Vestibulocochlear nerve sends action potential to temporal lobe
(e) Endolymph flows through cochlear duct
(f) Perilymph flows through scala vestibule and scala tympani
(g) Hair cells in Organ of Corti bend
a. B->C->A->E->F->G->D
b. B->A->C->F->E->G->D
c. B->A->C->E->F->G->D
d. B->C->A->F->E->G->D

A

b. B->A->C->F->E->G->D

43
Q

What is FALSE about the rod cells in light?
a. Na+ channels are closed
b. Action potential is fired through optic nerve
c. cGMP is changed into GMP
d. rod cell depolarizes
e. All of the above are true

A

d. rod cell depolarizes

44
Q

Mark all that apply. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the smooth muscle?
a. Synapse en passant
b. Gap junction
c. More myosin than actin
d. Ca2+ binds to troponin and cross bridge can occur -> Ca2+ phosphorylates and activates myosin
e. No sarcomere

A

c. More myosin than actin
d. Ca2+ binds to troponin and cross bridge can occur -> Ca2+ phosphorylates and activates myosin

45
Q

True or False: The tongue contains specialized taste buds that sense either salty, sour, sweet, umami, or bitter

A

False

46
Q

True or False: Lipophilic hormones’ effects are relatively faster because the hormone signal can diffuse through the plasma
membrane

A

False

47
Q

True or False: High blood glucose will activate alpha cells of the Islets of Langerhans F
40. In the neuromuscular junction, ACh released from the motor end plate will bind to receptors on the sarcolemma and
cause depolarization

A

False

48
Q

True or False: Spermatogenesis is the meiotic division of germ cells and produces 4 identical daughter cells

A

False

49
Q

True or False: Progesterone is secreted by the corpus luteum

A

True

50
Q

True or False: Fertilization normally occurs in the uterus

A
51
Q

True or False: Epinephrine is released from Adrenal Cortex

A

False

52
Q

True or False: Hyperopia is farsightedness

A

True

53
Q

True or False: Bleaching effect is the changing form of rhodopsin which results in bipolar cells to hyperpolarize

A

False

54
Q

True or False: Utricle and Saccule sense static equilibrium and their receptors are found in a macula

A

True

55
Q

Match the sense to the Lobe
Sense:
48. Taste
49. Smell
50. Equilibrium
51. Hearing
52. Vision
Lobe
A. Temporal lobe
B. Parietal lobe
C. Cerebellum
D. Occipital lobe

A

48.Taste = Parietal Lobe
49. Smell = Temporal Lobe
50. Equilibrium = Cerebellum
51. Hearing = Temporal Lobe
52. Vision = Occipital Lobe

56
Q

Match the hormones to the gland
Hormones:
53. ADH
54. ACTH
55. PIH
56. Somatotropin
57. Cortisol
58. Insulin
59. Glucagon
60. Oxytocin
61. Epinephrine
62. Prolactin
63. LH
64. Somatostatin
65. TRH
66. TSH

Glands:
A. Thyroid
B. Adrenal Medulla
C. Adrenal Cortex
D. Alpha cells of Pancreas
E. Beta cells of Pancreas
F. Posterior Pituitary
G. Hypothalamus
H. Anterior Pituitary

A
  1. ADH = Posterior Pituitary
  2. ACTH = Anterior Pituitary
  3. PIH = Hypothalamus
  4. Somatotropin = Hypothalamus
  5. Cortisol = Adrenal Cortex
  6. Insulin = Beta cells of Pancreas
  7. Glucagon = Alpha cells of Pancreas
  8. Oxytocin = Posterior Pituitary
  9. Epinephrine = Adrenal Medulla
  10. Prolactin = Anterior Pituitary
  11. LH = Anterior Pituitary
  12. Somatostatin = Hypothalamus
  13. TRH = Hypothalamus
  14. TSH = Anterior Pituitary

Biology 241 (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions