Exam 3

Question 1

1. In insect and animal development what does Hox genes play a role in? Pg. 684-685

Answer 1

It determines morphology. It determines what limbs go where and how many of them there are.

Question 2

What do animals have in common?

Answer 2

Hox genes.

Question 3

What’s the significance of flagellated protists?

Answer 3

They are the closest living relatives of animals.

Question 4

What is the significance of the Cambrian period in today’s animals?

Answer 4

Increased O2, Predator-prey relationships, development of locomotion that allowed animals to move on to land, more complex hox gene evolution, duplication of genes, and development of biomineral (chitin) exoskeletons to create hard bodies.

Question 5

What would you not expect to find in the ediacaran period?

Answer 5

You wouldn’t find hard bodied animals. There were only soft bodied animals during that period, no hard parts, no exoskeletons.

Question 6

In the Cambrian radiation, what genetic process was most helpful?

Answer 6

Gene duplication. This allowed organisms to become more complex.

Question 7

How would an organism with radial symmetry move?

Answer 7

It would drift on currents.

Organisms with bilateral symmetry move front to back or side to side.

Question 8

Know the characteristics of a sponge (Porifera).

Answer 8

No true tissues (muslces, nerves, or organs), assymetrical, sessile (doesn’t move), has choanocytes (generate a current through their body to filter feed), they are neither triploblastic nor diploblastic – they are a basil animal. (so they only have 1 germ layer) .

Question 9

Know what groups contain diploblastic organisms (have only 2 germ layers).

Answer 9

Cnidarians (jellies and corals) – they also have radial symmetry.

Question 10

What groups contain deuterostomes?

Answer 10

a. Ectoprocta, Brachiopoda, Echinodermata (star fish), Chordata (All vertebrates)

Question 11

When does the blastopore first appear?

Answer 11

a. Gastrolation

Question 12

Know the characteristics of protostomes.

Answer 12

a. Protostomes – Devleop mouth first, determinate growth, spiral cleavage, formed from the
mesoderm.
b. Dueterstomes – Develops anus first, indeterminate growth, radial growth.

Question 13

Know the characteristics of ecdysozoans.

Answer 13

a. They all have a hard exoskeleton and shed it through a process called ecdysis (molting).

Question 14

What group does echinoderms and chordates belong to?

Answer 14

a. Dueterostomes.

Question 15

What where the factors that influenced the Cambrian explosion? (similar to question 4)

Answer 15

Increased O2, Predator-prey relationships, development of locomotion that allowed animals to move on to land, more complex hox gene evolution, duplication of genes, and development of biomineral (chitin) exoskeletons to create hard bodies.

Question 16

What do sponges (Porifera) lack that other animal phyla have? (similar to question 8)

Answer 16

True Tissues (muslces, nerves, or organs) and symmetry.

Question 17

What are choanocytes?

Answer 17

a. Cells that help the feeding process of sponges by generating a current through the sponges body so that it can filter feed.

Question 18

18. What are amoebocytes? Pg. 659

Answer 18

They help in digestion and manufacture skeleton fibers (spicules) that provide structural material of sponges.

Question 19

What are cribrostatin?

Answer 19

They create Antibiotics.

Question 20

Know the Characteristics of Cnideria

Answer 20

Cnideria are jellyfish. They have true tissues, they have both a non-motile (sessile) and motile form. The polyp form is like seas anemones, they don’t move around. The medusa form is like the free floating jellyfish that drift around in the water current. They are diploblastic (2 primary tissues), they have radial symmetry, they have a sack with digestive and vascular components, they are carnivores, hey have cnidocytes (capture and hold food), and they have stinging capsules (pneumatocytes).

Question 21

Know the Characteristics of Cnideria again

Answer 21

Just know all of the characteristics from question 20. He will probably ask something like “which of the following is not a characteristic of jellyfish?” in both of these questions.

Question 22

What members of Cnideria only occur as polyps?

Answer 22

Anthozoas (sea anemonies and corals).

Question 23

What are scyphozoan? Pg. 671-673

Answer 23

a. A typical jellyfish. Scyphozoan is a class of cnideria often considered to be “the true Jellyfish”. They the animal that most people think of when they talk about “jellyfish”.

Question 24

Which flatworm is not a parasite?

Answer 24

Turbellaria

Question 25

What is the intermediate for blood fluke (trematode) infection?

Answer 25

Snails. (this will probably be a story question). They start out in fecal contaminated water, then they get into the legs of people who walk in the water, they live in the digestive tract of those people until they get pooped out. Then they live in digestive tract of snails, who carry them back to the water to start the cycle all over again. The question might ask “In order to eliminate blood flukes, what intermediate has to be destroyed?”. Because you don’t want to destroy humans, you would say that the snail intermediate should be destroyed to stop further propagation of the parasite.

Question 26

Know signs and symptoms for tapeworm? Route of infection. (there may be 3 questions on this)

Answer 26

Loss of body weight, teeth, aches, tired, fatigue, butt itches, white fleks in poop. It comes from un-cooked or under-cooked pork. The medicine Niclosamide is a chewable tablet used against tape worm infections.

Question 27

Know the characteristics of rotifera.

Answer 27

They reproduce by parthenogenesis (The female can asexually produce more females without a male. Asexual reproduction), they’re very small, they can live in fresh water, salt water, or soil, they have an alimentary canal, they have digestive tube with separate mouth and anus, they’re digestive organs lie in a pseudocoelom.

Question 28

Know how the tapeworm is able to get its nutrients

Answer 28

They absorb their nutrients from their host.

Question 29

Know the characteristics and development of mollusks.

Answer 29

Visceral mass, mantle, radula (grasping organ), hemophodites, in their larval stage they are Trochophores (free swimming larva), and they have a muscular foot.