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Adult Health 1 > Exam#3 > Flashcards

Exam#3 Flashcards

1
Q

What are UTI’s caused by?

A

-Pathogenic microorganisms in the urinary tract
-Can be uncomplicated of complicated depending on patient complications

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2
Q

Lower UTI’s

A

Bacterial cystitis
Prostatitis
Urethritis

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3
Q

Upper UTI’s

A

Acute and chronic pyelonephritis
Interstitial nephritis
Renal nephritis

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4
Q

Uncomplicated Lower or Upper UTI’s

A

Common in young women but not usually recurrent

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5
Q

Complicated Lower and Upper UTI’s

A

Usually occur in people with urologic abnormalities or recent catheterization
Often acquired during hospitalization

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6
Q

Access method of UTI

A

Occurs first when the bacteria gains access inside the urinary tract

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7
Q

Attachment method of UTI

A

Bacteria attach to the epithelium of the urinary tract and colonize to avoid being washed out

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8
Q

Inflammation method of UTI

A

As a defense mechanism to the bacteria, inflammation starts to set along with other signs of infection

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9
Q

What does UTI cause

A

Inability or failure to empty bladder
Catheterization or cystoscopy
Obstructed urinary flow
Immunosuppression

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10
Q

Clinical manifestations of UTI

A

Dysuria (painful urination)
Frequency (more than Q3hrs)
Nocturia
Suprapubic/Pelvic pain
Urgency

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11
Q

How to prevent UTI’s

A

Avoid bath tubs
Perineal hygiene
Increase fluid intake
Voiding habit
Medications
Avoid urinary tract irritants

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12
Q

Complications of UTI’s

A

Renal failure
Urosepsis

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13
Q

How to diagnose UTI’s

A

Urine cultures
STD tests
CT scan
Ultrasonography

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14
Q

Medical management of UTI’s

A

Acute pharmacologic therapy- antibacterial agent that eradicates bacteria from the urinary tract with minimal effects on fecal and vaginal flora
Long-term pharmacologic therapy- Re-infection with new bacteria is the reason for recurrence; patients are instructed to self treat when symptoms occur

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15
Q

Nursing assessments of UTI’s

A

Assess for frequency, urgency, or hesitancy
Assess patients knowledge about antimicrobials and preventative care
Assess urine color, odor, concentration, volume, and cloudiness

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16
Q

Nursing diagnosis of UTI’s

A

Acute pain related to infection within urinary tract
Deficient knowledge related to factors and preventions of disease

17
Q

Nursing interventions of UTI’s

A

Relieve pain- Analgesics and heat help relieve pain and spasm
Fluids- increased fluids promotes renal blood flow to flush bacteria
Voiding- Q2-3hrs
Irritants- avoid coffee, tea, colas, and alcohol

18
Q

What is Pyelonephritis?

A

Infection in the kidneys and is caused by a bacterial infection of the lower urinary tract
Can be acute or chronic

19
Q

Most common organism causing pyelonephritis

A

Escherichia coli

20
Q

Signs and Symptoms of Pyelonephritis

A

Flank pain
Dysuria
Polyuria
Urinary urgency
Urinary frequency
Malaise
Fever
Nausea
Vomiting

21
Q

Complications of Pyelonephritis

A

Kidney failure
Renal scarring
Sepsis

22
Q

What to assess in pyelonephritis

A

Symptoms
Description of pain
CVA
Labs (UA, CX, Ultrasound, CT)

23
Q

Nursing interventions for pyelonephritis

A

Mangage pain
Mangage fever
Give meds
Increase fluids
Encourage avoidance of soda, tea, alcohol, coffee, spices
Encourage voiding frequently
Assist in non-pharmacologic techniques for pain
Educate

24
Q

What is Urolithiasis (Renal Calculi)

A

Stones in the urinary tract
Are formed when calcium oxalate, calcium phosphate, and uric acid increase
Vary in size
Increases risk of infection, urinary stasis, and immobility

25
Q

What is nephrolithiasis

A

Stones forming in the kidney

26
Q

What is ureterolithiasis

A

Stones formed in the ureters

27
Q

Clinical manifestations of stones in renal pelvis

A

Hematuria
Polyuria
Pain that radiates toward bladder(female), testicles(male)
Acute pain
Nausea
Vomiting
Abdominal discomfort
Diarrhea
Pain in costovertebral region

28
Q

Clinical manifestations of ureteral colic (stones in ureter)

A

Acute, excruciating wavelike pain that radiates down thigh and pelvic region
Frequent desire to void
Usually contains blood

29
Q

Clinical manifestations of stones in bladder

A

Irritation
Urinary retention
Possible urosepsis

30
Q

How to diagnose urolithiasis

A

KUB
Ultrasound
IVP
CT (non-contrast)
UA
BUN
CBC
PTH

31
Q

Nursing priorities for urolithiasis

A

Alleviate pain
Maintain adequate renal functioning
Prevent complications
Educate

32
Q

Medical management of urolithiasis

A

Increase fluids
Increase calcium for calcium stones
HCTZ for calcium stones
Low purine and low protein for uric acid
Allopurinol for uric acid

33
Q

Medical management for urolithiasis

A

Stone removal
Ureteroscopy- stones fragmented with use of laser, ultrasound, and electrohydraulicn lithotripsy
Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy
Electrohydraulic lithotripsy
Chemolysis- alternative for those at risk with other therapies
Surgical removal

34
Q

Nursing assessment

A

Assess for pain (severity, location, radiation)
Associated symptoms (abdominal pain, NVD)
Observe, for (hematuria, strain, urine for stones.)

35
Q

Complications of urolithiasis

A

Infection
Urinary tract obstruction
Acute renal failure
Hydronephrosis

36
Q

Nursing interventions for urolithiasis

A

Administer opioid analgesics
Encourage positions of comfort
Assist with ambulation
Monitor pain
Encourage increased fluids
Begin IV fluids
Monitor output
Strain urine

37
Q

Nursing interventions

A

Instruct patient to report, decreased volume, bloody or cloudy urine, fever, pain
Monitor vital signs for infection

38
Q

What is glomerulonephritis?

A

Auto immune condition that triggers inflammation and proliferation of globular tissue that can result in damage to the basement membrane or capillary endothelium
Most often caused by group a beta hemolytic streptococcal infection

Adult Health 1 (1 decks)

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