Exam 3 Flashcards
What is metabolic syndrome?
A group of risk factors that increased the chance of CVD, Stroke, and Diabetes
What are the risk factors for metabolic syndrome?
-high blood sugar
-High blood pressure
-high triglycerides
-excess fat around waist
What criteria is needed to diagnose metabolic syndrome?
must meet 3 of the following
-waist size >40 in men >35 in women
-treating triglycerides >150
-HDL <40 in men <50 in women
-Blood pressure > 130/85
-Fasting blood sugar >100
What is Nissen Fundoplication?
Surgery to treat GERD
What is the greatest concern after surgery?
pneumothorax, patient will have absent breath sounds
What would you teach to prevent a GERD exacerbation?
-Do not eat late
-no spicy food
-do not lay flat
-no fatty foods
-no smoking
What is the risk of using a proton pump inhibitor (-prozle) long term?
may develop cdiff
What are your nursing interventions for Cdiff?
-Contact MD
-Check vitals
-treat fevers
-Give antibiotics
-place on contact precautions
What is a CEA test?
Measures chances of cancer returning
-high level of CEA in the blood indicates chance for return (even after being surgically removed)
Your patient had GI surgery, what does post op care consist of?
-observe for bleeding
-monitor for infection
-auscultate for active bowel sounds
What are signs of infection?
-redness
-warmth
-swelling
-drainage
-odor
What is IGm used to treat?
Active hepatitis
What is IGg used to treat?
recovering/chronic hepatitis
How is hepatitis A transmitted?
Through fecal or oral route
How is hepatitis B transmitted?
Through bodily fluid
What do you educate to your patients with Hepatitis B?
-do not share personal hygiene products
-encourage rest
-eat small frequent meals
What are the two types of cirrhosis?
alcoholic + nonalcoholic (fatty liver disease)
How can your patient avoid cirrhosis?
-stop drinking alcohol
What are the signs and symptoms of acute pancreatitis?
-Sudden abdominal pain
-n/v
-fever
-tachycardia
-hypotension
-hyperglycemia
-AMS
-rigid abdomen
What is grey turners sign?
subcutaneous discoloration of the flank
How do you assess a patient for grey turners sign?
turn the patient over to see if sides are grey
What is cullen’s sign?
Bruising around the belly button
What can a UAP do in the middle of surgery?
gather and assist handing supplies
vitals
i/o
ambulate
What can an LPN do?
-wound care
-medication (no iv meds)
-peg tube feeding
What can an RN do?
Evaluate, Assess, Educate
If a patient is NPO, and then upgraded, what diet is recommended?
Clear and cold liquids
What is the best nursing intervention to return bowel function after surgery?
Ambulation
Who should receive the flu vaccine that is inactivated?
-Elderly
-pregnant
-immunocompromised
-those with HIV
What is allergic rhinitis?
inflammation of mucous membranes in nose
How does your patient avoid allergic rhinitis?
-avoid triggers (pollen, pet dander, dust, etc)
What kind of procedure is suctioning?
sterile procedure
Who is more susceptible to influenza?
Smokers, they need vaccinated
what are risk factors for larynx cancer?
smoking and alcohol use
What should you teach your patient w/ acute sinusitis?
Take a hot shower
do not use nasal decongestants for longer than 3 days
If the patient is unconscious what is the best positioning?
side lying
If a patient has pneumonia, What is the best positioning?
Dependent lung down
(ex. if has left lobe pneumonia, place on right side)
What is epistaxis?
nose bleed
Nursing intervention for epistaxis?
Pinch nose, lean forward, apply ice
What is given for oral fungal infection?
Nystatin (swish and swallow after given)
How to screen for lung cancer?
get a CT scan
When do we intubate a patient?
When respirators are very low or very high
(normal 12-20)
What are nursing interventions for acute respiratory failure?
-elevate hob
-ambulate
-humidification
What does humidification do?
keeps nasal cavities moist
what are complications of ARDS?
Infection
SOB
Sepsis
Blood clots
acute renal failure
urine output <30ml/hr
What are signs and symptoms of ARDs?
Sepsis signs, any changes to vitals organs such as heart, lungs or kidneys
What is an early indicator for hypoxemia?
Mental status change
What is the first nursing action for hypoxemia?
Check SPO2 level
What is a tension pneumothorax?
Air building up in the lung due to a hole in the chest wall, putting pressure on the lung causing it to collapse
What are signs and symptoms of tension pneumothorax?
Tracheal deviation
absent breath sounds
What is the treatment for tension pneumothorax?
Chest tube or needle decompression
What is a pulmonary embolism?
Blood clot in the lung
What is the priority nursing intervention for pulmonary embolism?
Administer o2
How do we prevent ventilator associated pneumonia?
hand hygiene
HOB 30-45°
Oral care w/ CHG
assess for extubation daily
stress ulcer prophylaxis
Venous Thromboembolism Prophylaxis
What is the mechanism of action of Nifedipine (Procardia)?
It’s a calcium channel blocker that is used to treat pulmonary Hypertension
When is an indicator that nifedipine could be given?
Patient is short of breath
How do we evaluate the effectiveness of Procardia?
Patient states they can breathe better
