Exam 3 Flashcards
With a SPRAIN in skeletal trauma the __[1]__ structure is affected, and the body parts __[2]__ & __[3]__ are most affected. Usually this is done through __[4]__ & __[5]__, After which you should do what intervention??
1: Ligment
2: Ankles
3: Knees
4: Twisting
5: Hyperextension
6: R.I.C.E.
With a STRAIN in skeletal trauma the __[1]__ & __[2]__ structures are affected, and the body parts __[3]__ & __[4]__ are most affected. Usually this is done through __[5]__, After which you should do what intervention??
1: Muscles
2: Tendons
3: Lower Back
4: Calves
5: Lifting
6: R.I.C.E.
What is the difference btwn a Subluxation and a Dislocation?
A Subluxation is a partial Dislocation
What are the 8 Clinical Manifestations of Skeletal Trauma?
- *Think ABC’s 1st!! ALWAYS assess Neuro!!!
- edema
- Pain
- Contusion/ecchymosis
- Decreased movement
- Crepitus
Severe:
- Shortening or rotation of extremity
- Inability to bear weight
- Muscle spasms
What is R.I.C.E.???
Rest
Ice
Compression
Elevation
(Immobilize but DO NOT reset joint)
(Remove Restrictive Items)
Fractures described by their “extent” would be described in what 4 ways?
Complete
Incomplete
Non-displaced
Displaced
Fractures are also described by their effect on surrounding tissues in what 2 ways?
-Closed (simple)
-Open (Compound)
o Skin Penetration
o Antibiotics will need to be used
o immunizations are up to date esp TDAP?
•__[1]__ reduction
o Non surgical
o Traction can be a closed reduction method
•__[2]__ reduction
o Surgical intervention
o ORIF
o immobilization May be used
1: Closed
2: Open
What is the Application of a pulling force to the body to provide reduction, alignment, and rest called?
Traction
What are the 6 main complications from fractures??
- Infection (to be discussed later)
- Compartment syndrome
- Venous thromboembolis (VTE)
- Fat Embolism Syndrome (FES)
- Shock
- Chronic complications: ischemic necrosis (avascular necrosis [AVN]), delayed bone healing or non union of bone
What is Normal Compartment Pressure?
0-10mm HG
>30= Bad JUJU
What are the 6 P’s to assess for Acute Compartment Syndrome (ACS)???
o Paraesthesia – may be first sign o Pain o Pressure o Pallor o Paralysis (Late Sign) o Pulselessness (Late Sign/Bad Juju)
When do you NOT use R.I.C.E. when dealing witha skeletal trauma?
• ACS: Do NOT elevate extremity in compartment syndrome & Do NOT apply ice
What must you be concerned about when muscle breakdown is occurring?
THE KIDNEYS!!
-It causes release of potassium and myoglobins
Which are large particles; They can clog the kidneys and cause renal failure.
-Released K+ can cause arrhythmia’s
What are the 4 main cinical manifestations of a Fat Embolism?
- Acute respiratory distress syndrome
- Changes in LOC
- Petechiae; on neck/upper arms/chest/abdomen
- Sense of impending doom
What are you most concerned about with chest fractures?
- Penetration of lungs, Heart, Or arteries.
- High risk for atelectasis/pneumonia (Shallow Breathing)
What are the 5 main Clinical Manifestations of a Hip fracture?
- External rotation of leg
- Shortening of leg
- Severe pain
- Tenderness/pain in leg or groin area
- disruption of blood flow -> avascular necrosis of femoral head
What is a Syme amputation?
Foot; Just below the ankle
With amputations… How do you treat residual limb pain different from Phantom Limb pain?
Residual: Opioids
Phantom: Beta blockers, Antiepileptics, antispasmotics, Nerontin, Lyrica
interventions post amputation?
ROM
Trapeze
Firm Mattress
Prone Postion Q3-4hrs/15min
Stump care Post Op?
Wash w/soap & Water
Stump Shrinker can be used to help with edema
_________ is a Bone infection caused by bacteria or other germs.
Osteomyelitis
What are the 3 steps in the patho of osteomyelitis?
- Initial Infection
- Site expands; Blocking Blood supply
- Bone Dies/separates/becomes sequestrum
Clinical Manifestations of Osteomeylitis?
Systemic S&S
-Fever, Chills, Restlessness, nausea, malaise
Local S&S
-Pain, swelling, tenderness, and warmth
** Treatment is Longterm Antibiotics(centeral line needed)/surgical debrisment/antibiotic beads/