Exam 3 Flashcards
First air to air fueling
Nov 12 1921
Wesley May
First plane to plane refueling
June 27 1923
Capt Lowell Smith
Lt. John P Richter
fuel system purpose
deliver fuel to engines safely under a wide range of operational conditions
how aircraft fuel needs to be delivered
uniform flow
clean fuel
constant pressure
delivered at various altitudes and attitudes
delivered in any reasonable maneuver
fuel system must be able to monitor
quantity of fuel
fuel pressures
fuel temperatures
fuel flow rates
When do aircraft fuel indicators have to be accurate
only when empty
what must the reliability of fuel systems be
not result in power interruption for more than 20 seconds for piston engine
will not cause flame out for turbine engine
independence of aircraft fuel systems
each tank should be able to feed each aircraft engine
gravity fed system
bottom of tank must be high enough to provide enough pressure
uses gravity to cause fuel flow
advantage of gravity fed system
“both” option takes fuel from both wings equally
primer
subsystem
on non fuel injected aircraft
draws fuel from carburetor inlet bowl or fuel strainer
pressure feed system
uses boost pump to move fuel
fuel tanks too low to provide fuel pressure
wing tanks same level as carburetor
fuel pumps in pressure feed
fuel boost pump - starts engine
engine driven pump - normal operation
bladder fuel tank downside
want to make sure always full
needs to be replaced every 15 years
integral fuel type
wet wing
sealed with fuel proof sealing
manufactured when aircraft is built
bladder fuel tank
rubberized synthetic bag manufactured to conform to space in wing
uses aircraft structure to support weight of fuel
purpose of grounding during aircraft fueling
fuel flowing in lines create static charge build up
prevents static discharge and potential explosion in fuel system
Jettison System
dumps fuel overboard in event of emergency to lower weight to landing weight
when is a jettison system needed
if max TO weight is greater than 105% certified landing weight
what does fire protection include
fire detection
fire control
Class A compartment
crew and pax
visually detected
reached, combated by flight crew
Class B Compartment
cargo and baggage
must have sufficient access to enable crew member to reach all parts of compartment effectively with a portable fire extinguisher while in flight
What use class A and B be equipped with
smoke detector or fire detector
Class C compartment
inaccessible compartments
fire detection and fighting done by remote sensors and fire control
Class D Compartments
inaccessible cargo and baggage
no fire detection
designed so fire will be confined to that area
what must all classes of compartments have
ventilation must be controlled
Class E compartment
cargo aircraft
no windows, special shades fire resistant
must have smoke/fire detector
able to shut off flow to compartment
controllable from flight deck
able to isolate smoke, flames, gases from flight deck
Spot detectors
monitor one specific location
produces current when heated
continuous loop detector
monitors greater area
ceramic changes resistance with heat, more current flow = detection
smoke detection purpose
deter smoke present in a specific zone
photoelectric cell smoke detector
air sampled. if 10% visible smoke particles, the light sensor sends electrical signal to the warning system controller
ion detector smoke detector
smoke is ionized gas
detector samples air, if air contains smoke - slightly less electrically conductive
class A fire
paper, wood, cloth, trash
class B fire
flammable liquids
class C fire
electrical equipment
class D fire
certain metals
magnesium, titanium
Class A extinguisher
water type
breaks heat
ineffective, potentially dangerous in other classes
how do fire extinguishers work
one of the legs of the fire triangle must be broken
Foam extinguisher
class A and B
removes oxygen leg
Carbon Dioxide extinguisher
B and C type
takes away oxygen and heat
B and C type problems
ineffective for A
easily blown away
ineffective in ventilation
Dry chemical extinguisher
A, B. C type
most common
barrier between oxygen and fuel
coats surface to prevent re-ignition
(B777) Loop overheat detection causes:
master caution lights on
caution aural operates
engine overheat caution message shows
(B777) engine fire detection causes:
master warning lights on
fire warning aural operates
engine fire warning message shows
engine fire warning light on fuel control switch fire warning light on
What does the engine fire switch do
gives indication of engine fire
stops engine
isolates engine
controls engine extinguishing system
electric ice detection
Probe mounted on front of AC vibrates at specific frequency
Ice forming on probe changes frequency of vibration which causes light to illuminate in cockpit
Hawker ice detection
rotary cutter ice detection
rotates
if ice builds up, gets scraped off and sensed torque increases
windshield anti-ice
heated windshield
windshield fluid
how are engines protected
heated with bleed air or electric coils
how is rain removed
windshield wipers
chemical repellents
combination
pneumatic rain removal
difference between new and old EIS/EFIS
old - only display information for flight instruments
new - flight instruments, aircraft systems, engine, warning/caution
what is EICAS / ECAM
engine alerts and aircraft monitoring systems
FAR for fire requirements 14CFR25?
Immediate awarning of fire or overheat
Accurately indicate extinguished fire
Durable and resistant to damage
Include accurate method to test integrity of system
Unlikely to have false indication
Require minimum electrical power
Halon type fire extinguisher
air extinguisher
removes oxygen
who is ECAM
airbus
who is EICAS
boeing
embraer
canadair
EICAS displays information all the time
no
display on need to know basis
EICAS primary mode
main display during normal operation
EICAS secondary mode
on auxiliary EICAS display
N2 speed, fuel flow, oil pressure, oil temp, oil quantity, engine vibration
EICAS compact mode
when display is inactive or used to show maintenance pages
only display digital data format
Level A message
warning
red
aural, visual alert
immediate action / attention
Level B message
caution
amber
visual, different aural
crew awareness and future action
Level C message
advisory
amber or light blue
crew awareness and possible action
Level D message
memos
white
PFD
replaced EADI
most critical display
navigational display, ND
weather
navigational info
can change format
MFD
FO access checklist, info, nav maps
advantage of 3rd gen EIS
increased integration
larger display
weigh less
less power needed
can the CVR (black box) be used for any other reason other than for accident/incident investigation
no
what is the cvr
cockpit voice recorder
(part of the) black box
audio monitor only
how long must the CVR record for
at least 120 minutes
where is the CVR located
empennage of plane
maximizes likelihood of survival
heat-resistant orange paint, high visibility
new CVR advantages
solid state memory and digital
more resistant to shock, vibration, moisture
have internal battery and can continue without electric power
how does an underwater locater beacon work
self contained unit
actives frequency when submerged in water
when is CVR required
Any multi-engine turbine powered aircraft with 6 or more passenger seats must have a CVR if 2 pilots are required for operation
how long can the FDR record for
25 hours
1000 parameters
what can the FDR withstand
3400Gs impact
1100 C for 30 minutes fire
20,000ft submergence
when must an FDR be installed
multi-engine turbine powered aircraft with 10 or more passenger seats must have a flight data recorder
do the archer’s have an FDR?
any Garmin 1000 airplane has an FDR capability
