Exam 3 Flashcards by Malcom Burruss

This region of the large intestine has simple volume,and epithelium in its tunica mucosa, smooth muscle in tunica muscular is,and epiploic appendages attached to its outer surface
A.cecum
B. Colon
C. Rectum
D. Anal canal

B.colon

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Occurs during deglutation
A .movement of food results primarily from gravity.
B.swallowing center in medulla oblangata is
Activated
C. Food is pushed into oropharynx during pharyngeal phase
D. Soft palate closes off opening of larynx

B.swallowing center in medulla oblangata is
Activated
C. Food is pushed into oropharynx during pharyngeal phase

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Which of the following is not a component of the pancreatic juice
A. Procarboxypeptidase
B. Trypsinogen and chymotrypsinogen
C. Gastrin
D. Bicarbonate ions
E. Deoxyribonuclease

C. Gastrin

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During digestion, what is the major site of nutrient absorption
A. Stomach
B. Large intestine
C. Pancreas
D. Small intestine
E. Esophogas

Small intestine

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After eating or drinking dairy products like cheese and milk, you have intestinal cramps, bloating and diarrhea. You most likely have this.
a lactose intolerance
b. diabetes mellitus, Type I
c. heartburn
d. peritonitis

A. Lactose intolerance

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Given these structures:
1. ascending colon
2. descending colon
3. sigmoid colon
4. transverse colon
Choose the arrangement that lists the structures in the order that food encounters them as it passes between the small intestine and the rectum.
a. 1,2,3,4
b. 14.2 3
c. 2,3, 1,4
d. 2,4,1,3

B. 1423

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These lymphatic capillaries are found in the villi of the small intestine:
A. Lacteals
b. Peyer’s patches
c. Crypts of Lieberkuhn
d. microvilli

A. Lacteals

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This statement best describes defecation:
a. can be initiated by stretch of the rectum
b. can occur as a result of mass movements
c. involves local reflexes
d. involves parasympathetic reflexes mediated by the spinal cord
o all of the above

All of the above

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Several digestive enzymes are secreted as zymogens because
a. it saves on step in their synthesis
b. gastric cells do not have the necessary enzymes for their synthesis
c. they act only after activation and do not digest intracellular proteins

they act only after activation and do not digest intracellular proteins

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This best describes micelles:
A lipids surrounded by bike salts
b. produced by the pancreas
c. released into lacteals
d. stored in the gallbladder
e. reabsorbed in the colon

Lipids surrounded by bile salts

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This best describes micelles:
A.peristalsis
b. produced by the pancreas
c. released into lacteals
d. stored in the gallbladder
e. reabsorbed in the colon

Peristalsis

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This is the largest pair of salivary glands, which produce mostly watery saliva:
a. laryngeal glands
b. parotid glands
c. pharyngeal glands
d. sublingual glands
e. submandibular glands

Parotid glands

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This kind of epithelium lines the mouth, oropharynx, esophagus and anal canal:
a. simple squamous stratified squamous
B. Stratified squamous
c. simple columnar
d. pseudostratified columnar

Stratified squamous

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This best describes the function of bile:
a. is an important enzyme for the digestion of fats
b. is made by the gallbladder
c. contains breakdown products from hemoglobin
d. emulsifies fats
e. both c and d

Both c and d

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These cells in the gastric glands produce pepsinogen:
a, endocrine cells
b. mucous neck cells
c chief or zymogenic cells
d. parietal or oxyntic cells

Chief or zymogenic cells

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All of these are enzymes digest protein except:
a lipase
b. carboxypeptidase
c. chymotrypsin
d. pepsin
e. trypsin

Lipase

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These bands of longitudinal smooth muscle run the length of the colon:
a. haustra
b. epiploic appendages
c. intestinal glands
d. tense col
e. vermiform appendixes

Tenaie coli

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Once chylomicrons leave the simple columnar epithelium of the small intestine, they diffuse into this:
a. capillaries
b. lacteals
c. arterioles
d. venules

Lacteals

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This thick connective tissue layer of the digestive tract contains blood vessels, small glands, and a nerve plexus:
a. mucosa layer
b submucosa layer
c. muscularis layer
d. serosa (adventitia) layer

Submucosa layer

Saliva contains the digestive enzyme
, which breaks down
starch into
a. amylase; glucose
b. pepsin; maltose
Camylase. maliose
d. maltase, glucose

Amylase, maltose

This layer of the digestive tract is in direct contact with the food that is consumed:
A. mucosa
b. muscularis
C. serosa
d. submucosa

Mucosa

Out of a normal adult’s 32 teeth, this many are molars:
a. 2
b. 4
c. 8
E. 12

This secretion lubricates the food so it moves easily through the digestive tract and also protects the epithelium:
a mucus
b. water
c. enzymes
d. hormones

Mucus

Bile and pancreatic juice enter which section of the small intestine?
A. duodenun
b. jejunum
c. ileum
d. cecum
e. ascending colon

Duodenum

Arrange the following structures in the correct order as air passes through them traveling from the bronchi; 1. alveolar duct 2. alveolus 3. respiratory bronchiole 4. terminal bronchiole a. 2,3,4,1 b. 3.4.1.2 c. 3, 1,2,4 d. 43 1 2

4312

This best describes the function of surfactant: a. increases the compliance of the lungs n B. decreases the surface tension of the fluid that lines the alveoli c. decreases the elasticity of the elastic fibers in the alveolar walls d. increases the ability of hemoglobin to bind to oxygen

Decreases surface tension of fluid that lines alveoli

Which structures are responsible for monitoring pH levels of the cerebrospinal fluid? a. central pressure receptors b. continuous capillaries c. central chemoreceptors d. peripheral chemoreceptors

Central chemoreceptors

When blood passes through the tissues, the hemoglobin in blood is better able to combine with carbon dioxide because of this: a. Bohr effect b. Haldane effect c. chloride shift d. Boyle effect e. Dalton effect

Haldane effect

Partial pressure of CO, is 46mmlg at the beginning of a. inspiration b. expiration c. systemic exchange d. pulmonary exchange

Pulmonary exchange

Which of the following keeps the trachea open? a. surface tension of water b. surfactant production c C. shaped cartilage rings d. pseudostratified ciliated epithelium

C shaped cartilage rings

As a result of a pneumothorax, air in the pleural cavity, the lungs tend to a. be less elastic and you cannot exhale b. over inflate c. collapse d. increase the surface tension in the fluid lining the alveoli

Collapse

You are exercising doing aerobics or a stair climber at your fitness center. As you increase to a high intensity of exercise, you would expect the tidal volume to and the frequency of respiration to a. decrease, increase b increase increase c. stay the same, increase d. increase, decrease

Increase, increase

The factor Incroasos respiratory rato: A. Increased blood pco2 b, Increased blood pl C Increased blood PO d, Inoroased pil of corobrospinal fluid ©, all of these

Increased blood pco2

Strong emotions can sometimes stimulate hyperventilation. This is the best treatment for hyperventilation: a. just let the person relax and normal breathing will resume B. breath into a bad c. have the person increase his or her rate of breathing d. give the person oxygen

Breath into a bag

Besides lubricating the visceral and parietal pleura, pleural fluid also has this function: holds the A. Holds visceral and parietal pleural membranes together b. prevents the lungs from overinflating c. increases diffusion rates in the lungs d. helps fill the pleural cavity

A. Holds visceral and parietal pleural membranes together

What is the definition of partial pressure? a. The sum of the pressures contributed by each of the individual gases comprising air. b. The separate contribution of pressure by each individual gas comprising air. c. The solubility of a gas. d. The difference of the contribution o nitrogen from oxygen in air

b. The separate contribution of pressure by each individual gas comprising air

Which choice best describes the action of respiratory - associated muscles during forced expiration? a. diaphragm contraction, external intercostal relaxation b. internal intercostal and abdominal muscle contraction c. external intercostal contraction, diaphragm relaxation d. diaphragm contraction, internal intercostal relaxation

b. internal intercostal and abdominal muscle contraction

This condition causes a decreased rate of diffusion through the respiratory membrane: a. increased fluid in the lungs b. decreased diffusion coefficient c. decreased respiratory surface area d. decreased partial pressure gradient E. All

All

The dorsal and ventral respiratory groups make up the respiratory center and are located in this: a. pons B. medulla oblongala c. mesencephalon d. hypothalamus

Medulla oblongata

Largest cartilage of larynx A. Artyneoid B. Cricoid C. Corniculate D. Cuneiform E. Thyroid

Thyroid

During the process of expiration, the alveolar pressure is this: a. greater than the pleural pressure b greater than the barometric pressure c. less than the barometric pressure d. unchanged

b greater than the barometric pressure

The local matching of blood flow through pulmonary capillaries with the movement of air into the alveoli is a. the Bohr effect b. the Haldane effect c. chloride shift d. Ventilation-perfusion coupling

Ventilation perfusion coupling

The membrane that lines the inner thoracic cavity wall, the superior surface of the diaphragm, and the mediastinum is this: a, panetal pericardium b parietal pleura c. visceral pericardium d. visceral pleura

Parietal pleura

Most inspired particles such as dust fail to reach the lungs because of the a.cialed mucous lining of the nose b. abundant blood supply to the nasal mucosa c. porous structure of the turbinate bones d. action of the epiglottis

a.cialed mucous lining of the nose

If compliance increases, lung expansion is: a easier b. more difficult c. unaffected

Easier

The partial pressure of oxygen (PO,) is normally the greatest in this area: a inspired air b. alveolar air c, expired air d. pulmonary capillaries e. tissue capillaries

Inspired air

For inspiration during labored breathing, these muscles are NOT contracted: a. diaphragm b. external intercostal muscles c internal intercostal muscles d. pectoralis minor muscles e. sternocleidomastoid muscles

b. external intercostal muscles