Exam 3 Flashcards
vascular dementia
caused by ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke
Mixed Dementia
cerebrovascular disease while have alzheimers
FAST - stroke
F-face drooping
A-arm weakness
S- slurred speech
T- time to call 911
Atherosclerosis Stages
- fatty streak/ lipid formation
- formation of lipid-laden macrophages
- thrombus formation
- plaque clarification
Heathly = 0
fatty streak = 1
plaque = 2
thrombus =3
Left-sided heart failure S/S
pulmonary edema
dyspnea
crackles
frothy sputum
Right-sided heart failure S/S
peripheral edema (legs/ feet)
weight gain
increased venous pressure
Cranial nerve I
Olfactory - smell
Cranial nerve II
optic- vision
Cranial nerve III
oculomotor - vertical eye movement
Cranial nerve IV
trochlear - vertical eye movement
Cranial nerve V
trigeminal - facial expressions and facial sensations
Cranial nerve VI
abducens - horizontal eye movement side to side
Cranial nerve VII
facial - facial expression and facial sensation
Cranial nerve VIII
vestibucochlear- hearing and balance
Cranial nerve IX
glossopharyngeal - swallowing
Cranial nerve X
vagus- sensation in throat and visceral muscles
Cranial nerve XI
accessory - head and shoulder movement
Cranial nerve XII
hypoglossal- tongue movement
frontal lobe
planning
motor function
Broca’s area (motor) speech
short term/recall memory
parietal lobe
pressure, touch
pain
position
perception
temporal lobe
hearing
rhythm
wernicke’s area (sensory) interpretation of speech
long term memory
occipital lobe
vision/ visual cortex
Forebrain
Cerebrum/Cerebral cortex :
memory
attention
cognition
awareness
thought
language
Forebrain: Basal Ganglia
control of voluntary movements
procedural learning
cognition
emotion
eye movement
Ridges
sulci and gyri- allow for a greater surface area of the brain
Two hemispheres
senses, thinking, higher-order association
Midbrain
corpora quadrigemina: optic and auditory reflexes
tegmentum: motor center that relays inhibitory signals to the hypothalamus - prevents unwanted movement
cerebral penduncles - contain larger ascending sensory pathways and larger descending motor pathways
Hindbrain
Cerebellum: balance, motor function, posture coordination, skeletal movement
pons
medulla: BP, HR, RR, coughing, sneezing
In Alzheimer’s, amyloid plaques…
cause atrophy to the cerebral cortex causing the brain to shrink
