Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

CUSOD Head and Neck > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

what bone structure does the tensor veli platatini wrap around?

A

pterygoid hamulus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

functions of the tongue

A

mastication, taste, degultition/swallowing, and speech

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what are the two parts of the dorsal surface of tongue

A

pharyngeal part (posterior 1/3) and oral part (anterior 2/3)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what separates the two parts of tongue

A

terminal sulcus (with foramen cecum)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

contents of pharyngeal/posterior 1/3rd of tongue

A
  1. lingual tonsils
  2. median glossoepiglottic folds
  3. lateral glossoepiglottiic folds
  4. vallecula
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is the important area to screen for throat cancers?

A

vallecula

because liquids can sit there (drinking and smoking toxins can sit in this pocket)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is another name for oral component of tongue

A

anterior 2/3 or presulcal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

contents of oral component of tongue

A

median sulcus (groove) and papillae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

contents of the ventral surface of tongue

A
  1. lingual frenulum (fold or ridge of tissue)
  2. sublingual papilla/caruncle
  3. deep lingual veins
  4. plica fimbriata/folds
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what are fimbriated folds

A

excess tissue that hands down from tongue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

where do sublingual ducts open

A

sublingual fold

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

where does submandibular duct open

A

sublingual caruncle/papilla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what are the extrinsic tongue muscles

A
  1. genioglossus
  2. hyoglossus
  3. styloglossus
  4. palatoglossus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what are the innervations of the extrinsic muscles of the tongue?

A

CN XII (hypoglossal): genioglossus, hyoglossus, styloglossus

CN X (pharyngeal branch of vagus): palatoglossus EXCEPTION TO THE GLOSSUS MUSCLES!!!!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what muscles anchors the tongue to the mandible

A

genioglossus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is the lateral aspect of the tongue between intrinsic tongue ms. and styloglossus ms?

A

hyoglossus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is the tongue and soft palate muscle?

A

palatoglossus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

genioglossus movement

A
  1. bilateral - protrudues and depresses central portion
  2. unilateral - deviates to contralateral side
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

hyoglossus movement

A

depresses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

styloglossus movement

A

retrusion and elevation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

palatoglossus movement

A

elevation of tongue root and narrows oropharyngeal isthmus for deglutition (swallowing)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what artery runs between genioglossus and hyoglossus ms.

A

lingual a.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what run on the lateral surface of the hyoglossus ms (between hyoglossus and mylohyoid)

A
  1. submandibular duct
  2. lingual n. from V3
  3. hypoglossal n. (CN XII)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what are the intrinsic muscles of the tongue

A
  1. superior longitudinal
  2. inferior longitudinal
  3. transverse
  4. vertical
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

what innervates the intrinsic muscles of the tongue

A

ALL HYPOGLOSSAL CN XII

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

what n. wraps around occipital branch of external carotid

A

CN XII hypoglossal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

where does hypoglossal n. run between

A

hyoglossus and mylohyoid ms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

the hypoglossal n. is located inferior to ___ on the lateral aspect of the hyoglossus ms.

A

inferior to lingual n. of V3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

what innervates the palatoglossus ms

A

CN X (vagus - pharyngeal branch)

**ms is part of both tongue and soft palate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

what symptoms woud you experience if you had a peripheral lesion of the hypoglossal n. on the right side?

A

Tongue deviates toward lesion, so tongue deviates towards right side.

This is because the left side is still working, and when it protrudes, it pushes towards the non-functioning side

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

GSA innervations of tongue

A

GSA = pain, temp, discrimunative touch

  1. X (internal laryngeal off superior laryngeal) = palatoglossus
  2. IX (glossopharyngeal) = posterior 1/3
  3. V (trigeminal via V3) = anterior 2/3
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

SVA innervations of tongue

A

SVA = taste
1. X (internal laryngeal off superior laryngeal) = palatoglossus
2. IX (glossopharygeal) = posterior 1/3
3. VII (facial CHORDA TYMPANI) joins w/ lingual n. of V3 = anterior 2/3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

what are the motor n. of the tongue

A

XII and X (pharyngeal branch of vagus bc palatoglossus ms)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

your 85 y/o pt reports of severe electric shock shooting pain on left side back of her tongue and side of her throat. It is provked by swallowing, talking, or coughing. which n. is mostly invovled in condition

A

glossopharyngeal n. IX

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

what arteries supply tongue

A
  1. ascending pharyngeal
  2. facial a.
  3. lingual a.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

what are the branches off facial a.

A

submental and tonsillar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

what are the branches off lingual a.

A
  1. dorsal lingual
  2. deep lingual
  3. sublingual
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

lingual a. branches are located [deep or superficial] to hyoglossus ms

A

DEEP (aka medial)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

what anatomical structure must be taken into account when doing dental implants?

A

artery of the lingual foramen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

where do the lingual and facial veins empty into?

A

internal jugular vein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

where does root of tongue (posterior 1/3rd) drain?

A

BILATERAL

jugulodigastric (superior deep cervical) -> jugulo-omohyoid (inferior deep cervical) -> thoracic duct or right lymphatic duct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

where does tip of tongue (apex) drain?

A

BILATERAL

to submental nodes -> jugulo-omohyoid (inferior deep cervical) -> thoracic duct or right lymphatic duct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

where does medial part of anterior 2/3 of tongue drain?

A

BILATERAL

jugulo-omohyoid (inferior deep cervical) -> thoracic duct or right lymphatic duct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

where does lateral part of anterior 2/3 of tongue drain?

A

IPSILATERAL

submandibular lymph nodes -> jugulo-omohyoid (inferior deep cervical) -> thoracic duct or right lymphatic duct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

what parts of the tongue drain bilaterally? ipsilaterally?

A

bilateral: root, apex, and medial anterior 2/3

ipsilateral: lateral anteiror 2/3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

what is a common passageway for digestive and respiratory systems

A

pharynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

extent of pharynx

A

cranial base to inferior border of cricoid cartilage (C6)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

posterior wall of the pharynx lies against what?

A

prevertebral fascia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

the pharyngeal constrictors lie between what 2 fascias? which is the innermost and outermost?

A
  1. pharyngobasilar (innermost)
  2. buccopharyngeal (outermost)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

what is the fold located inside of the pharynx

A

salpingopharyngeal fold

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

what is a slit-like lateral projection of the pharynx that is posterolateral to salpingopharyngeal fold?

A

pharyngeal recess

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

what are the parts of the pharynx

A

nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

what is composed of the pharynx?

A
  1. 3 constrictor muscles
  2. 3 longitudinal muscles
  3. cartilaginous part of pharyngotympanic tube
  4. soft palate
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

what are the layers of the pharyngeal wall from innermost to outermost?

A
  1. mucous membrane
  2. submucosa
  3. pharyngobasilar fascia
  4. 3 inner longitudinal
  5. 3 circular layers
  6. buccopharyngeal fascia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

what is a fibrous fascia that anchors the pharynx to the skull

A

pharyngobasilar fascia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

what fascia continues over the buccinator and pharyngeal muscles and is the location of the pharyngeal plexuses of nn. and vv.?

A

buccopharyngeal fascia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

oropharynx vertebral levels

A

C2-C3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

superior boundary of oropharx

A

nasopharynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

inferior boundary of oropharynx

A

superior border of epiglottis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

anterior border of oropharynx

A

palatoglossal fold

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

posterior border of oropharynx

A

mucosa covering superior and middle contrictors (pharyngobasilar)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
62
Q

lateral border of oropharynx

A

mucosa covering superior and middle constrictors (pharyngobasilar)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
63
Q

what tonsils are located in the oropharynx

A

lingual tonsils and palatine tonsils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
64
Q

what are spaces/depressions between the epigltotis and root of tongue

A

epiglottic valleculae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
65
Q

laryngopharynx vertebral level

A

C4-C6

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
66
Q

superior boundary of laryngopharynx

A

oropharynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
67
Q

inferior border of laryngopharynx

A

inferior border of cricoid cartilage C6

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
68
Q

anterior border of laryngopharynx

A

larynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
69
Q

posterior border of laryngopharynx

A

mucosa over middle and inferior constrictors (pharyngobasilar)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
70
Q

what depression is located in the laryngopharynx on either side of the laryngeal inlet

A

piriform recess/fossa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
71
Q

is the piriform recess separated from the ary-epiglottic fold?

A

yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
72
Q

what is bounded laterally by thyroid cartilage and thyrohyoid membrane

A

piriform reccess

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
73
Q

what are the contents of the piriform recess

A
  1. internal laryngeal n.
  2. recurrent laryngeal n.
  3. superior laryngeal a.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
74
Q

clinical significance of piriform recess

A

foreign body can lodge into recess and can make nerves prone to injury

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
75
Q

what is a circumpharyngeal ring composed of MALT

A

Waldeyer’s Tonsilar Ring

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
76
Q

components of Waldeyer’s Tonsilar ring

A
  1. pharyngeal tonsils
  2. tubal tonsils
  3. palatine tonsils
  4. lingual tonsils
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
77
Q

what tonsils are in the roof and posterior wall of nasopharynx

A

pharyngeal tonsils/adenoids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
78
Q

what tonsils are near the orifice of the pharyngotympanic opening in nasopharynx?

A

tubal tonsils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
79
Q

what tonsils lie in tonsilar bed between palatoglossal fold and palatopharyngeal folds, has a lateral wall formed by superior constrictor, and is in oropharynx?

A

palatine tonsils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
80
Q

what tonsils are located on the posterior 1/3rd of tongue

A

lingual tonsils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
81
Q

what forms an external circular layer of pharyngeal ms

A

three pharyngeal constrictors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
82
Q

actions of pharyngeal muscles

A

contract involuntarily and allows for sequential contraction from superior to inferior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
83
Q

innervations of pharyngeal muscles

A

pharyngeal plexus - CN IX and CN X

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
84
Q

does the superior pharyngeal constrictor extend directly to skull?

A

no. done by pharyngobasilar fascia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
85
Q

where do all three constrictors insert to?

A

median pharyngeal raphe

additionally: superior inserts into pharyngeal tubercle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
86
Q

what are the parts of the inferior pharyngeal constrictor

A
  1. thyropharyngeus (more oblique)
  2. cricopharyngeus (more circular/horizontal)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
87
Q

what innervates the pharyngeal constrictors

A
  1. superior - pharyngeal plexus
  2. middle - pharyngeal plexus
    3a. thyropharyngeus - pharyngeal plexus
    3b. Cricopharyngeal - recurrent (X) and external laryngeal (off superior laryngeal)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
88
Q

motor components of pharyngeal plexus

A

CN X (vagus) - constrictors, palatopharyngeus, and salpingopharyngeus muscles

EXCEPTIONS:
1. CN IX (glossopharyngeal) - stylopharyngeus ms.
2. CN V3 - tensor veli palatini ms.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
89
Q

sensory components of pharyngeal plexus

A

CN IX (glossopharyngeal) - mainly for oro and laryngopharynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
90
Q

postganglionic sympathetics of pharyngeal plexus

A

superior cervical ganlion and vasomotor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
91
Q

origin of ascending pharyngeal a

A

external carotid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
92
Q

path of ascending pharyngeal a.

A

ascends between lateral aspect of pharynx and ICA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
93
Q

branches of ascending pharyngeal a.

A

pharyngeal and palatine arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
94
Q

what artery supplies stylopharyngeus, middle and inferior constrictors (pharyngeal branches), superior contrictor, palatine tonsils, soft palate, and auditory tube?

A

ascending pharyngeal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
95
Q

origin of ascending palatine a.

A

facial a.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
96
Q

path of ascending palatine a.

A

ascends on lateral side of pharynx between styloglossus and stylopharyngeus, passing thru gap between base of skull and superior constrictor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
97
Q

what supplies the superior constrictor and soft palate

A

ascending palatine a.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
98
Q

origin of tonsillar a.

A

facial a.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
99
Q

path of tonsillar a.

A

ascends lateral pharynx, passes INTO superior constrictor to reach palatine tonsil and root of tongue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
100
Q

what supplies the superior constrictor, palatine tonsils, an root of tongue

A

tonsillar a

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
101
Q

where does the superior constrictor receive blood supply

A

ascending pharyngeal a., ascsending palatine a., and tonsilar a.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
102
Q

origin of superior thyroid a.

A

external carotid a.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
103
Q

path of superior thyroid a.

A

descends along inferior constrictor to thyroid gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
104
Q

what does the superior thyroid a. supply

A

inferior constrictor and thyroid gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
105
Q

what is the origin of the inferior thyroid a.

A

thyrocervical trunk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
106
Q

what does the inferior thyroid a. supply

A

pharynx via muscular branches

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
107
Q

origin of pharyngeal a.

A

3rd part maxillary a.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
108
Q

path of pharyngeal a.

A

passes posteriorly with pharyngeal n. to pharyngeal canal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
109
Q

what does the pharyngeal a. supply

A

superior portion of nasopharynx and auditory tube

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
110
Q

origin of the a. of pterygoid canal

A

3rd part of maxillary a.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
111
Q

path of a. of pterygoid canal

A

passes posteriorly in pterygoid canal with VIDIAN N.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
112
Q

what does the a. of pterygoid canal supply?

A

auditory tube

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
113
Q

origin of lesser palatine a.

A

descending palatine a. in palatine canal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
114
Q

path of lesser palatine a.

A

exits canal via lesser palatine foramen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
115
Q

what does the lesser palatine a. supply

A

soft palate and palatine tonsils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
116
Q

what is located posteriorly in buccopharyngeal fascia

A

pharyngeal venous plexus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
117
Q

what gives rise to pharyngeal veins

A

pharyngeal venous plexus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
118
Q

where does the pharyngeal venous plexus terminate

A

drain into the internal jugular vv. and into pterygoid plexus of vv.

can also drain into facial, lingual or superior thyroid veins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
119
Q

what are the apertures in the pharngeal wall

A
  1. pharyngobasilar
  2. between superior and middle constrictors
  3. between middle and inferior constrictors
  4. inferior to inferior constrictor
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
120
Q

what does the pharyngobasilar aperture transmit

A
  1. levator veli palatini
  2. pharyngotympanic (auditory tube)
  3. ascending palatine a.
  4. ascending pharyngeal a.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
121
Q

what does the aperture between superior and middle constrictor transmit

A
  1. stylopharygeus ms.
  2. CN IX
  3. tonsilar branch of ascending palatine a.
  4. stylohyoid ligament
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
122
Q

what does the aperture between middle and inferior constrictors transmit

A
  1. internal laryngeal n.
  2. superior laryngeal a.
  3. superior laryngeal v.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
123
Q

what does the aperture inferior to inferior constrictor transmit

A
  1. recurrent laryngeal n.
  2. inferior laryngeal a.
  3. inferior laryngeal v.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
124
Q

what is on the internal surface of the pharyngeal constrictors and closes the gap between skull and superior constrictor

A

pharyngobasilar fascia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
125
Q

what is on the external surface of the pharyngeal constrictors and is between the pharyngeal constrictors and prevertebral fascia?

A

buccopharyngeal fascia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
126
Q

what is the opening to the nasal cavity called

A

choanae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
127
Q

what is an elevation formed by cartilaginous portion of auditory tube

A

torus tubarius

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
128
Q

what provides attachment point for salpingopharyngeal fold (salpingopharyngeus muscles covered with mucosa)

A

torus tubarius

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
129
Q

what is a slit-like lateral projection to the pharynx

A

pharyngeal recess

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
130
Q

what is posterolateral to the salpingopharyngeal fold

A

pharyngeal recess

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
131
Q

what contains the pharyngeal tonsils

A

pharyngeal recess

132
Q

what lies in the floor of the auditory tube

A

levator veli palatini

133
Q

what connects the middle ear and nasopharynx and helps equalize air pressure on both sides of the tympanic membrane

A

pharyngotympanic (auditory) tube

134
Q

what allows for spread of infection between middle ear and nasopharynx

A

pahryngotympanic (auditory) tube

135
Q

is the pharyngotympanic (auditory) tube typically open or closed?

A

closed

due to:
- elastic recoil of cartilage
- tissue turgidity
- tension of salpingopharyngeus muscle

136
Q

when does pharyngotympanic (auditory) tube open?

A

when tensor veli palatini muscle pulls wall of tube laterally during swallowing or yawning

137
Q

what are the longitudinal muscles of the pharynx

A
  1. salpingopharyngeus
  2. palatopharyngeus
  3. stylopharyngeus
138
Q

what elevates the upper and lateral portions of the pharynx and also elevates the larynx?

A

salpingopharyngeus

139
Q

what innervates salpingopharyngeus

A

CN X via pharyngeal plexus

140
Q

what elevates pharynx and larynx and helps close nasopharynx

A

palatopharyngeus

141
Q

what innervates palatopharyngeus

A

CN X via pharyngeal plexus

142
Q

what elevates pharynx and larynx, and expands sides of pharynx

A

stylopharyngeus

143
Q

what innervates stylopharyngeus

A

CN IX glossopharyngeal

(EXCEPTION TO PHARYNX MUSCLES NOT CN X VAGUS)

144
Q

what elevates during swallowing to prevent food from entering nasal cavity

A

soft palate

145
Q

what innervates the muscles of the soft palate?

A

CN X via pharyngeal plexus

EXCEPTION: tensor veli palatini is V3!!!!

146
Q

what are the muscles of the soft palate

A
  1. tensor veli palatini
  2. levator veli palatini
  3. palatoglossus
  4. palatopharyngeus
  5. musculus uvulae
147
Q

what pulls soft palate laterally and broadens it

A

tensor veli palatini

148
Q

what innervates tensor veli palatini

A

V3

THIS IS THE EXCEPTION OF SOFT PALATE MS!!

149
Q

what elevates the soft palate and pulls it posterosuperiorly to help close the nasopharynx?

A

levator veli palatini

150
Q

what innervates levator veli palatini

A

CN X via pharyngeal plexus

151
Q

what elevates root of tongue and narrows oropharyngeal isthmus for deglutition

A

palatoglossus ms

152
Q

what innervates palatoglossus

A

CN X via pharyngeal plexus

153
Q

what helps close nasopharynx and elevates pharynx and larynx

A

palatopharyngeus ms

154
Q

what innervates palatopharyngeus ms

A

CN X via pharyngeal plexus

155
Q

what retracts uvula and pulls it superiorly

A

musculus uvulae

156
Q

what innervates musculus uvulae

A

CN X via pharyngeal plexus

157
Q

pharyngeal plexus motor innervations

A

CN X (all constrictors, salpingopharyngeus, palatopharyngeus, and soft palate muscles)

EXCEPTIONS:
CN IX is stylopharyngeus
V3 - tensor veli palatini

158
Q

pharyngeal plexus sensory innervations

A

CN IX via pharyngeal plexus - pharynx
CN V2 - general sensaiton to soft palate
CN VII - taste

159
Q

what arteries supply soft palate

A
  1. lesser palatine
  2. palatine branch
  3. ascending palatine
  4. dorsal lingual
160
Q

origin of lesser palatine a.

A

descending palatine

161
Q

path of lesser palatine a.

A

enters palate thru lesser palatine foramen and anastomoses with ascending palatine a

162
Q

origin of palatine branch

A

ascending pharyngeal a

163
Q

path of palatine branch

A

crosses over superior pharyngeal constrictor then to soft palate

probably really remember this bc lecture slide was wrong

164
Q

origin of ascending palatine a

165
Q

path of ascending palatine a

A

ascends along lateral pharynx between styloglossus and stylopharyngeus, passing thru gap between skull and superior constrictor

166
Q

dorsal lingual a. origin

A

lingual a.

167
Q

path of dorsal lingual a.

A

2-3 small vessels that arise medial to hyoglossus muscles, ascends along posterior part of dorsum of tongue

168
Q

where does venous drainage occur in soft palate

A

paryngeal plexus and pterygoid plexus of veins

169
Q

steps of deglutition

A
  1. food pushed posteriorly by tongue (voluntary)
  2. tensing of soft palate by tensor veli palatini
  3. elevation of soft palate by levator veli palatini
  4. larynx and pharynx are elevated by longitudinal muscles
  5. constrictor muscles contract sequentially to move bolus down to esophagus
  6. epiglottis tips over laryngeal inlet
  7. bolus is divided into 2 streams
  8. flow thru piriform recesses towards esophagus
  9. soft palate pulled inferiorly towards root of tongue
  10. oropharyngeal cavity is clsoed due to contaction of superior constrictor
  11. relaxation of cricopharyngeus allows bolus to move into esophagus
  12. larynx closed by ary-epiglottic and vestibular folds
  13. contraction reaches valleculae and presses remaining bolus towards and into esophagus
  14. contraction passes thru pharynx and epiglottis moves superiorly as hyoid and larynx descend; communication with nasopharynx reestablished
  15. all structures return to resting position
170
Q

what is the only voluntary phase of deglutition

A

when food is first pushed posteriorly by tongue

171
Q

what tenses the soft palate

A

tensor veli palatini

172
Q

what elevates the soft palate

A

levator veli palatini

173
Q

what happens when the larynx and pharynx are elevated by longitudinal muscles

A
  1. pharynx is widened and shortened
  2. superior constrictor is drawn up and fold is formed “Fold of Passavant”
174
Q

how many streams is the bolus divided into and where does it flow?

A

2 streams, each flowing into piriform recesses

175
Q

what degree:

cleft uvula

A

1st degree

176
Q

what degree:

ununited palatal processes

A

2nd degree

177
Q

what degree:

  • ununited palatal process and a cleft on one side of the primary palate
  • usually associated with unilateral cleft lip
A

3rd degree

178
Q

what degree:

  • rare
  • ununited palatal processes and a cleft on both sides of the primary palate
  • usualy associated with bilateral cleft lip
A

4th degree

179
Q

clinical issues of cleft palate

A
  • baby unable to suck effectively
  • milk may be regurgitated thru nose or aspirated into lungs
  • respiratory infection
180
Q

what arteries provide blood supply to pharynx

A
  1. ascending pharyngeal
  2. ascending palatine
  3. tonsilar
  4. superior thyroid
  5. inferior thyroid
  6. pharyngeal
  7. a. off pterygoid canal
  8. lesser palatine a.
181
Q

what is the connection between the pharynx and trachea

182
Q

vertebral location of larynx

A

midline opposite of C3-C6

183
Q

hyoid bone vertebral level

184
Q

thyroid cartilage vertebral level

185
Q

what is designed for sound production/phonation

186
Q

what are the 9 cartilages of the larynx

A

3 unpaired (thyroid, cricoid, and epiglottis)
3 paired (cuneiform, corniculate, and arytenoid)

187
Q

what are the 3 regions of the larynx

A
  1. vestibule/supraglottic (false vocal cord)
  2. ventricle
  3. infraglottic
188
Q

what is anterior to larynx

A

thyroid carilage

189
Q

what is posterior to larynx

A

anterior wall of laryngopharynx

190
Q

what is superior to larynx

A

base of tongue and vallecula (collecting space)

191
Q

what is inferior to larynx

192
Q

what is the only cartilage that goes all the way around

A

cricoid carilage

193
Q

what cartilage moves on top of cricoid cartilage

A

arytenoid cartilage

194
Q

what is the unpaired, elastic cartilage that is pear shaped

A

epiglottis

195
Q

what helps prevent foreign bodies from entering the larynx/trachea during deglutition? how?

A

epiglottis

thyroid cartilage/larynx elevate and move anterior - hyoid bone remains stable

196
Q

what is unpaired, consists of hyaline cartilage, and is the biggest of the laryngeal cartilages?

A

thyroid cartilage

197
Q

vertebral level of thyroid cartilage

198
Q

thyrohyoid membrane has opening for what 2 structures?

A
  1. internal laryngeal (sensory only)
  2. superior laryngeal vessels
199
Q

what constrictor attaches to the posterior aspect of the thyroid cartilage?

A

inferior constrictor

200
Q

what is the unpaired, consists of hyaline cartilage, and is the only complete ring of cartilage in the respiratory system?

A

cricoid carilage

201
Q

why are other cartilages except for the cricoid U-shaped?

A

to allow cartilage to adjust to object moving thru

202
Q

what muscles attach to cricoid cartilage

A

intrinsic and extrinsic laryngeal muscles

203
Q

cervical level of cricoid cartilage

204
Q

primary areas of physiologic narrowing of esophagus

A
  1. upper esophageal sphincter
  2. middle esophagus
  3. lower esophageal sphincter
205
Q

what is part of the upper esophageal sphincter

A
  1. cricopharyngeus ms
  2. lower part of inferior pharyngeal constrictor
  3. cricoid cartilage
206
Q

where is the thyroid isthmus typically located

A

second to fourth tracheal rings

207
Q

what is paired, the smallest, most superior cartilage that helps support aryepiglottic fold?

A

cuneiform cartilage

208
Q

what cartilage is paired, lies on apex of arytenoid, and helps support aryepiglottic fold?

A

corniculate cartilage

209
Q

what are the two processes of the paired arytenoid cartilage?

A
  1. muscular process (posterolateral)
  2. vocal process (anteromedial)
210
Q

the base of the arytenoid cartilage articulates with what?

A

cricoid cartilage

211
Q

what is a rotation/pivot point between thyroid and cricoid cartilage?

A

cricothyroid joint (synovial)

212
Q

what laryngeal joint tenses vocal ligaments

A

cricothyroid joint (synovial)

213
Q

what laryngeal joint rotates and glides?

A

cricoarytenoid joint

214
Q

what are the movements of the cricoarytenoid joint

A
  1. medial rotation with medial gliding CLOSES rima glottis
  2. lateral rotation with lateral gliding OPENS rima glottis
215
Q

what connects thyroid cartilage to hyoid bone

A

thyrohyoid membrane

216
Q

what connects epiglottis to thyroid cartilage

A

thyroepiglottic ligament

217
Q

what connects hyoid bone to epiglottis

A

hyoepiglottic ligament

218
Q

what connects cricoid cartilage to 1st tracheal cartilage

A

cricotracheal ligament

219
Q

what are the extrinsic membranes and ligaments of the laryngx

A
  1. thyrohyoid membrane
  2. thyroepiglottic membrane
  3. hyoepiglottic membrane
  4. cricotracheal ligament
220
Q

what connects the arytenoid to epiglottis

A

quadrangular membrane

221
Q

what is the free edge of inferior border of quadrangular membrane?

A

vestibular ligament aka false vocal cord

222
Q

what connects arytenoid (vocal process) to thyroid cartilage

A

vocal ligament (helps form true vocal cord)

223
Q

what is the conus elasticus

A

aka cricothyroid membrane that consists of lateral part and medial part

224
Q

what is the location of the emergency airway site in larynx

A

medial part of cricothyroid ligament/conus elasticus

225
Q

what are the major intrinsic membranes and ligaments of the larynx

A
  1. quadrangular membrane
  2. vestibular ligament
  3. vocal ligament
  4. conus elasticus/cricothyroid membane
226
Q

what provides sensory to the mucosa and motor innervation to MOST muscles at and below the vocal cord level?

A

recurrent laryngeal (sensory and motor)

EXCEPTION: external laryngeal innervates cricothyroid ms

227
Q

what innervates mucosa above vocal folds (true vocal cords) in the larynx and esophagus, also responsible for cough reflex?

A

internal laryngeal nerve (off superior laryngeal off CN X)

228
Q

what innervates motor to cricothyroid ms?

A

external laryneal nerve (off superior laryngeal off CN X)

229
Q

what provides sensory and motor below vocal folds, including all laryngeal muscles except for cricothyroid ms?

A

recurrent laryngeal nerve (off CN X)

230
Q

cricothyroid ms function

A

increases tension of vocal cords

231
Q

thyroarytenoid ms function

A

decreases tension on vocal cords

232
Q

thyroarytenoid innervation

A

recurrent laryngeal n

233
Q

what are inferior medial fibers of the thyroaretenoid ms

A

vocalis ms

234
Q

what inserts directly on vocal ligament and can relax very specific segments to adjust pitch and provide fine tone control?

A

vocalis ms

235
Q

what is the only laryngeal muscle that ABducts?

A

posterior cricoarytenoid ms

236
Q

what is the biggest muscle of the larynx?

A

posterior cricoarytenoid ms

237
Q

posterior cricoarytenoid function

A

ABducts and opens rima glottis

238
Q

posterior cricoarytenoid innervation

A

recurent laryngeal n

239
Q

lateral cricoarytenoid ms function

A

ADDucts and closes rima glottis

240
Q

lateral cricoarytenoid innervation

A

recurrent laryngeal

241
Q

transverse arytenoid ms function

A

ADDucts and clses rima glottis

242
Q

transverse arytenoid innervation

A

recurrent laryngeal n

243
Q

oblique arytenoid ms function

A

ADD and closes rima glottis

244
Q

oblique arytenoid ms innervation

A

recurrent laryngeal

245
Q

thyroepiglottic ms function

A

ADDucts and helps close laryngopharyngeal opening

246
Q

thyroepiglottic ms innervation

A

recurrent laryngeal

247
Q

aryepiglottic ms function

A

ADDucts and helps close laryngopharyngeal opening

248
Q

aryepiglottic ms innervation

A

recurrent laryngeal n

249
Q

a lesion of which nerves would result in a “hoarse” sounding voice

A

recurrent laryngeal n. (unilateral)

if it were bilateral, there would be no voice

250
Q

what provides vascular supply to larynx?

A
  1. superior laryngeal a. and v.
  2. inferior laryngeal a. and v.
251
Q

what is the superior laryngeal a. a branch off?

A

off superior thyroid a. off external carotid

252
Q

what artery, vein, and nerve pass thru thyrohyoid membrane?

A

superior laryngeal artery and vein
internal laryngeal n

253
Q

what is the inferior laryngeal a. a branch of?

A

branch of inferior thyroid a. off thyrocervical trunk off subclvian

254
Q

what nerve accompanies inferior laryngeal a. and v.

A

recurrent laryngeal n.

255
Q

vertebral and cartilage level of thyroid gland

A

2-4 tracheal rings at ~T1

256
Q

where do the veins from laryngeal muscles drain to?

A

internal jugular and subclavian veins

257
Q

where do the areas above the false vocal folds drain?

A

to upper deep cervical nodes (jugulodigastric)

258
Q

where do areas below the false vocal folds drain?

A

lower deep cervical nodes (jugulo-omohyoid)

259
Q

the upper and lower lips are made up of a transitional zone and border, what are those named?

A

vermillion zone and vermillion border

260
Q

what zone is the mucosa of the oral cavity and skin of face

A

vermillion zone

261
Q

what makes up a sharp line between lip and face

A

vermillion border

262
Q

what is the name of the side of the nose/wing of the nose?

A

ala of nose

263
Q

what type of tissue is the ala of the nose

A

fibro-fatty tissue

264
Q

what is the groove from the ala of the nose to the angle of the mouth

A

nasolabial groove

265
Q

what is the angle of the mouth down to the angle of the mandible

A

labiomarginal groove

266
Q

what is the horizontal groove between lower lip and chin called

A

labiomental groove

267
Q

what is above the upper lip and below the septum of the nose

268
Q

what comprises the corner of your mouth, upper and lower lip connection

A

labial commissures

269
Q

the oral cavity can be divided into two parts, what are they?

A

vestibule and oral cavity proper

270
Q

what is between the lips, cheeks, and teeth?

271
Q

what is the entryway to the oral cavity called

272
Q

what is everything within the dental arch called

A

oral cavity proper

273
Q

what is the fold of CT/mucosa in the upper lip

A

labial frenulum (maxillary)

274
Q

what is alveolar bone covered by mucosa connection to lip called

A

labial frenulum

275
Q

looking at the sides of the vestibule, what are the frenula/frena called

A

accessory labial frena

276
Q

what is found draining into oral cavity opposite maxillary 2nd molar

A

parotid papilla

277
Q

what is the mucous memraben reflection area/fornix, that contains the bony part of the mandible/maxilla that folds back onto itself to cheek?

A

mucobuccal fold/mucolabial folds

278
Q

what is the tissue that surrounds the neck of the teeth called?

279
Q

what is the gingival mucosa covering the bone called?

A

mucogingival junction

280
Q

what color is mucosa covering the bone typically as compared to mucosa covering the tooth

A

mucosa covering bone - red
mucosa covering tooth - pink

where they join is the mucogingival junction

281
Q

what is the muscles that is covered by mucosa that forms the cheek

A

buccinator

282
Q

what is the term for the floor of the oral cavity

A

alveolingual sulcus

283
Q

is the tongue in the floor of the oral cavity

284
Q

what is the ms/aponeurosis covered by mucosa at the roof of the mouth called

A

soft palate

285
Q

what makes up the anterior border of the oral cavity proper

286
Q

what is the space between one’s lips referred to as

287
Q

what is the posterior border to the oral cavity proper

A

oropharynx/pharynx/throat

288
Q

what makes up the roof to the oral cavity

A

hard palate

289
Q

what is made up of the palatine process of maxilla and horizontal plate of palatine bones

A

hard palate

290
Q

is the hard palate covered by mucosa

291
Q

what makes up the floor of the oral cavity proper

A

muscular tongue and floor of the oral cavity

292
Q

from the oral cavity to the oropharynx, what is the passage called?

A

fauces or oropharyngeal isthmus

293
Q

how many arches does the fauces contain

294
Q

what is the fold of the anterior pillar of the fauces called

A

palatoglossal fold

295
Q

what is the fold of the posterior pillar of the fauces called

A

palatopharyngeal fold

296
Q

what lies between palatoglossal fold and palatopharyngeal fold

A

tonsillar bed

297
Q

what tonsils are found in the tonsillar region

A

palatine tonsils

298
Q

is the pterygomandibular raphe further anterior or posterior to tonsillar bed

299
Q

what underlies the palatine tonsil bed

A

superior constrictor muscle

300
Q

what palate is bone covered over by mucosa, firmly adherent?

A

hard palate

301
Q

what are the horizontal ridges of the soft tissue in the hard palate called

A

palatine rugae

302
Q

what is behind the central incisors, that lies over the incisive foramen?

A

incisive papillae

303
Q

what is down the midline that covers midline suture of the hard palate, where the two sides of palate come together

A

palatine raphe

304
Q

what can you NOT see in the tissue, but if you palpate the area you can feel it

A

greater palatine foramen

305
Q

what is the border between the hard and soft palate, has a curve-like shape to it, and its attachment for the aponeurosis of soft palate, in which when you speak it moves?

A

vibrating line - border of soft palate

306
Q

what are the two digits on the soft palate, key for minor salivary glands in which gives a monkey’s eye appearance?

A

palatine fovea

307
Q

what is a little muscle covered by mucosa which helps seal soft palate to pharynx

308
Q

is the bony outgrowth in the center of hard palate called

A

palatine torus

309
Q

can you have mandibulra tori

310
Q

what can a failure of fusion of the hard palate form shelves lead to

A

cleft palate

311
Q

what is the simplest form of cleft palate

A

bifed uvula

312
Q

what is under the tongue that holds it down

A

lingual frenum

313
Q

what is the raised line in the midline of the floor of the oral cavity called

A

sublingual fold

314
Q

the importance of the sublingual fold

A

along the fold, it has openings/ducts for SUBLINGUAL GLAND

315
Q

what is the bigger bump on the sublingual fold near the midline called?

A

sublingual papilla

316
Q

what is the importance of the sublingual papilla?

A

opening for SUBMANDIBULAR DUCT

317
Q

what are little tags of tissue under the tongue called

A

fimbriated folds

318
Q

what are the vessels under the tongue called

A

deep lingual arteries and veins

319
Q

what makes up the muscular floor

A

suprahyoid muscles:
1. mylohyoid
2. anterior digastric
3. geniohyoid

320
Q

will you find the deep portion of the submandibular gland and entire sublingual gland in the floor?

321
Q

wha is the name of the submandibular duct that is also found in the floor of the oral cavity

A

Wharton’s duct

322
Q

is the lingual nerve foudn in the floor of the oral cavity

323
Q

since the lingual nerve is found in the floor of the oral cavity, what gnaglion is also present?

A

submandibular ganglion

324
Q

what nerve crosses the submandibular duct twice

325
Q

what nerve lies inferiorly in which crosses the lingal arery

A

hypoglossal nerve

326
Q

what is the branch off the lingual artery that is in the floor o the oral cavity

A

sublingual artery

327
Q

do the lingual artery and lingual nerve travel together

CUSOD Head and Neck (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions