Exam 3

Question 1

When to use ANOVA

Answer 1

1. Comparing >2 groups
2. Seeing if group means differ from one another

Question 2

ANOVA Assumptions

Answer 2

1. Data are normally distributed
2. Data are independent
3. Groups have constant variance

Question 3

What is a Simple/One Way Analysis of Variance?

Answer 3

1. Two variables: One categorical, one quantitative
2. The variable has MORE THAN TWO LEVELS

Question 4

What is Categorical Data?

Answer 4

Types of data which can be divided into fixed groups (eg. age groups, educational level, etc.)

Question 5

What is Quantitative Data?

Answer 5

Data expressed in a quantity/amount/range (eg, meters, years, etc.)

Question 6

ANOVA/F-Statistic Equation

Answer 6

F = Between Group Variation/Within Group Variation

Question 7

What is Factorial Design ANOVA?

Answer 7

ANOVA with more than one independent variable

Question 8

What does a larger obtained F score mean for the test?

Answer 8

Larger F = evidenfce against Ho (Because there is more difference between groups than within groups)

Question 9

How to find the Degrees of Freedom for ANOVA

Answer 9

Numerator: Number of groups - 1 (k-1)
Denominator: Total number of observations - Number of GROUPS (N-k)

Question 10

How to report F statistic

Answer 10

F (numerator, denominator)

Question 11

What is the purpose of Post Hoc comparisons?

Answer 11

To indicate WHICH groups were significantly different from each other

Question 12

What is the APA format for an ANOVA?

Answer 12

“A one way between subjects ANOVA was conducted to compare the effect of [INDEPENDENT VARIABLE] on [DEPENDENT VARIABLE] in [X], [Y], and [Z] conditions

Question 13

What is the Effect Size?

Answer 13

The proportion of variance (of the dependent variable) that can be explained by the grouping/independent variable.

Question 14

Small effect size?

Answer 14

About 0.01

Question 15

Medium effect size?

Answer 15

About 0.06

Question 16

Large effect size?

Answer 16

0.14 or greater

Question 17

What is a Main Effect?

Answer 17

A difference between the levels of any factor in an ANOVA

Question 18

What is an Interaction Effect?

Answer 18

The effect of one factor is differentiated across another factor. (Eg. gender AND exercise intensity affecting weight loss)

Question 19

Main Effects on a Graph

Answer 19

Do not cross

Question 20

Interaction effects on a graph

Answer 20

DO cross

Question 21

When to use a post hoc test

Answer 21

1. If the interaction is significant
2. If the independent variable has MORE than two levels

Question 22

What are correlations?

Answer 22

Correlations examine the associative relationship between two variables on a scale from -1 to 1

Question 23

APA Style Correlation Table

Answer 23

Lists the correlation between every variable and every other variable

Question 24

What is the Coefficient of Determination?

Answer 24

The % of variance in one variable that is accounted for in the other variable (Higher correlation = more variance explained)

Question 25

What is the symbol of the Coefficient of Determination?

Answer 25

r^2

Question 26

What information does the coefficient of determination give us?

Answer 26

Whether significant findings are meaningful.

Question 27

What is a partial correlation?

Answer 27

It explores the relationship between two variables (with the impact of a third variable removed)

Question 28

What is Regression?

Answer 28

A statistical technique for finding the best-fitting straight line for a set of data

Question 29

What is Regression most often used for?

Answer 29

To make predictions about future events

Question 30

What is the independent variable in a regression equation called?

Answer 30

The predictor variable(s)

Question 31

How can we compute the significance of a regression equation?

Answer 31

By computing an f-ratio

Question 32

What is the regression line formula?

Answer 32

Y’ = bX + a,
(Y’ = predicted
b = slope
X = predictor
a, = intercept)