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Psych 113 > exam 3 > Flashcards

exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

instinct

A

a complex behavior that is rigidly patterned throughout a species and its unlearned (fixed pattern)

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2
Q

homeostasis

A

a tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state

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3
Q

Yerkes-Dodson law

A

the principle that performance increases with arousal only up to a point, beyond which performance decreases

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4
Q

hierarchy of needs

A

people don’t worry about higher levels of needs until basic ones are met

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5
Q

ostracism

A

deliberate social exclusion of individuals or groups

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6
Q

narcissism

A

excessive self-love or self-absorption

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7
Q

achievement motivation

A

a desire for significant accomplishment, for mastery of skills or ideas, for control, and for attaining a higher standard

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8
Q

grit

A

a passion and perseverance in the pursuit of long term goals

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9
Q

set point

A

the point at which your weight thermostat may be set

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10
Q

Does culture impact taste?

A

Yes

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11
Q

Does taste preference have biological wisdom?

A

Yes, spices that people like help inhibit bacterial growth

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12
Q

What is the impact of portion sizes?

A

People eat the portions they are given of food. People that take longer to eat eat less.

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13
Q

James-Lang theory

A

the theory that our experience of emotion is our awareness of our physiological response to an emotion-arousing stimulus - feelings happen after we behave

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14
Q

two-factor theory

A

to experience emotion, one must be 1) physically aroused 2) cognitively label the arousal

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15
Q

sympathetic nervous system

A

arousing

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16
Q

parasympathetic nervous system

A

calming

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17
Q

What is the most effective for lie detection?

A

concealed information test - guilty knowledge, only something you would know if you’re guilty

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18
Q

What sex is better at picking up on nonverbal cues?

A

Women - better at reading faces, also better at empathy

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19
Q

facial feedback effect

A

the tendency of facial muscle states to trigger corresponding feelings such as fear, anger, or happiness

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20
Q

What can change cause?

A

stress

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21
Q

What are some life events that cause stress?

A

major life changes, catastrophes

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22
Q

general adaptation syndrome (GAS)

A

the concept of the body’s adaptive response to stress in three phases - alarm, resistance, exhaustion - long periods of stress causes major exhaustion

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23
Q

What side effect to women have from strong immune systems?

A

they have more autoimmune issues

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24
Q

Why do stressed people get sicker?

A

Stress can cause issues with your immune system’s response

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25
Type A
competitive, hard-driving, impatient, verbally aggressive, and anger prone people
26
Type B
easygoing, relaxed people
27
What health risks are pessimists predisposed to?
Heart issues
28
What are some of the issues with anger management?
expressing anger in the right way can calm you (catharsis), but expressing it in the wrong way can cause more anger
29
problem focused coping
attempting to alleviate stress directly - by changing the stressor or the way we interact with that stressor
30
emotion focused coping
attempting to alleviate stress by avoiding or ignoring a stressor and attending to emotional needs related to our stress reaction
31
personal control
our sense of controlling our environment rather than feeling helpless
32
external loss of control
the perception that chance or outside forces beyond our personal control determine our fate
33
internal loss of control
the perception that we control our own fate
34
How do optimists compare to others life expetacncies?
Optimists live longer
35
aerobic exercise
sustained exercise that increases heart and lung fitness - helps alleviate depression and anxiety
36
What are some benefits of religion?
people have better health, more social support
37
feel-good-do-good phenomenon
people's tendency to be helpful when in a good mood
38
adaptation-level phenomenon
our tendency to form judgements (of sounds, of lights, of income) relative to a neutral level defined by our prior experience
39
relative depreivation
the perception that one is worse off relative to those with one whom one compares oneself
40
happiness set point
some people are naturally happier than others
41
attribution theory
the theory that we explain someone's behavior by crediting either the situation or the person's disposition
42
fundamental attribution error
the tendency for observers, when analyzing others' behavior, to underestimate the impact of the situation and to overestimate the impact of personal disposition
43
peripheral route persuasion
occurs when people are influenced be incidental cues, like the speaker's attractiveness
44
central route persuasion
occurs when interested people focus on the arguments and respond with favorable thoughts
45
foot-in-the-door phenomenon
the tendency for people who have first agreed to a small request to comply later with a larger request
46
cognitive dissonance theory
the theory that we act to reduce the discomfort of (dissonance) we feel when two of our thoughts (cognitions) are inconsistent
47
norms
understood rules for accepted and expected behavior
48
culture
the enduring behaviors, ideas, attitudes, values, and traditions shared by a group of people and transmitted from one generation to the next
49
social congition
chameleon effect - conforming to those around us
50
normative social influence
influence resulting from a person's desire to gain approval or avoid disapproval
51
informational social influence
influence resulting from a person's willingness to accept others' opinion about reality
52
social facilitation
improved performance on simple or well learned tasks in the presence of others
53
social loafing
the tendency for people in a group to expert less effort when pooling their efforts toward attaining a common goal than when individually accountable
54
deindividualization
the loss of self-awareness and self-restraint occurring in group situations that foster arousal and anonymity
55
group polarization
the enhancement of a groups' prevailing inclinations through discussion within the group
56
groupthink
the mode of thinking that occurs when the desire for harmony in a decision-making group overrides a realistic appraisal of alternatives
57
prejudice
unjustifiable and usually negative attitude toward a group and its members
58
stereotype
A generalized (sometimes accurate but often overgeneralized) belief about a group of people
59
discrimination
Unjustifiable negative behavior towards a group or its members
60
just-world phenomenon
The tendency for people to believe the world is just and that people therefore get what they deserve and deserve what they get
61
ingroup
"us" - people with whom we share a common identity
62
outgroup
"them" - those perceived as different or apart from our ingroup
63
scapegoat theory
the theory that prejudices offers an outlet for anger by providing someone to blame
64
other-race effect
the tendency to recall faces of one's own race more accurately than the faces of other races
65
agression
any physical or verbal behavior intended to harm someone physically or emotionally
66
resistance
the blocking from conscious of anxiety-ladened material
67
interpretation
the analyst's noting of supposed dream meanings, resistances, and other significant behaviors and events in order to promote insight
68
transferance
the patient's transfer to the analyst of emotions linked with other relationships
69
psychodynamic therapy
therapy derived from the psychoanalytic tradition, views individuals as responding to unconscious forces and childhood experiences, and seeks to enhance self insight
70
client centered therapy
a humanistic therapy, in which the therapist uses techniques such as active listening within and accepting, genuine, empathetic environment to facilitate clients' growth
71
behavior therapy
therapy that applies learning principles to the elimination of unwanted behaviors

Psych 113 (3 decks)

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