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Psych 113 > exam 3 > Flashcards

exam 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

instinct

A

a complex behavior that is rigidly patterned throughout a species and its unlearned (fixed pattern)

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2
Q

homeostasis

A

a tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state

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3
Q

Yerkes-Dodson law

A

the principle that performance increases with arousal only up to a point, beyond which performance decreases

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4
Q

hierarchy of needs

A

people don’t worry about higher levels of needs until basic ones are met

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5
Q

ostracism

A

deliberate social exclusion of individuals or groups

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6
Q

narcissism

A

excessive self-love or self-absorption

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7
Q

achievement motivation

A

a desire for significant accomplishment, for mastery of skills or ideas, for control, and for attaining a higher standard

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8
Q

grit

A

a passion and perseverance in the pursuit of long term goals

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9
Q

set point

A

the point at which your weight thermostat may be set

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10
Q

Does culture impact taste?

A

Yes

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11
Q

Does taste preference have biological wisdom?

A

Yes, spices that people like help inhibit bacterial growth

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12
Q

What is the impact of portion sizes?

A

People eat the portions they are given of food. People that take longer to eat eat less.

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13
Q

James-Lang theory

A

the theory that our experience of emotion is our awareness of our physiological response to an emotion-arousing stimulus - feelings happen after we behave

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14
Q

two-factor theory

A

to experience emotion, one must be 1) physically aroused 2) cognitively label the arousal

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15
Q

sympathetic nervous system

A

arousing

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16
Q

parasympathetic nervous system

A

calming

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17
Q

What is the most effective for lie detection?

A

concealed information test - guilty knowledge, only something you would know if you’re guilty

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18
Q

What sex is better at picking up on nonverbal cues?

A

Women - better at reading faces, also better at empathy

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19
Q

facial feedback effect

A

the tendency of facial muscle states to trigger corresponding feelings such as fear, anger, or happiness

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20
Q

What can change cause?

A

stress

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21
Q

What are some life events that cause stress?

A

major life changes, catastrophes

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22
Q

general adaptation syndrome (GAS)

A

the concept of the body’s adaptive response to stress in three phases - alarm, resistance, exhaustion - long periods of stress causes major exhaustion

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23
Q

What side effect to women have from strong immune systems?

A

they have more autoimmune issues

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24
Q

Why do stressed people get sicker?

A

Stress can cause issues with your immune system’s response

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25
Q

Type A

A

competitive, hard-driving, impatient, verbally aggressive, and anger prone people

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26
Q

Type B

A

easygoing, relaxed people

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27
Q

What health risks are pessimists predisposed to?

A

Heart issues

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28
Q

What are some of the issues with anger management?

A

expressing anger in the right way can calm you (catharsis), but expressing it in the wrong way can cause more anger

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29
Q

problem focused coping

A

attempting to alleviate stress directly - by changing the stressor or the way we interact with that stressor

30
Q

emotion focused coping

A

attempting to alleviate stress by avoiding or ignoring a stressor and attending to emotional needs related to our stress reaction

31
Q

personal control

A

our sense of controlling our environment rather than feeling helpless

32
Q

external loss of control

A

the perception that chance or outside forces beyond our personal control determine our fate

33
Q

internal loss of control

A

the perception that we control our own fate

34
Q

How do optimists compare to others life expetacncies?

A

Optimists live longer

35
Q

aerobic exercise

A

sustained exercise that increases heart and lung fitness - helps alleviate depression and anxiety

36
Q

What are some benefits of religion?

A

people have better health, more social support

37
Q

feel-good-do-good phenomenon

A

people’s tendency to be helpful when in a good mood

38
Q

adaptation-level phenomenon

A

our tendency to form judgements (of sounds, of lights, of income) relative to a neutral level defined by our prior experience

39
Q

relative depreivation

A

the perception that one is worse off relative to those with one whom one compares oneself

40
Q

happiness set point

A

some people are naturally happier than others

41
Q

attribution theory

A

the theory that we explain someone’s behavior by crediting either the situation or the person’s disposition

42
Q

fundamental attribution error

A

the tendency for observers, when analyzing others’ behavior, to underestimate the impact of the situation and to overestimate the impact of personal disposition

43
Q

peripheral route persuasion

A

occurs when people are influenced be incidental cues, like the speaker’s attractiveness

44
Q

central route persuasion

A

occurs when interested people focus on the arguments and respond with favorable thoughts

45
Q

foot-in-the-door phenomenon

A

the tendency for people who have first agreed to a small request to comply later with a larger request

46
Q

cognitive dissonance theory

A

the theory that we act to reduce the discomfort of (dissonance) we feel when two of our thoughts (cognitions) are inconsistent

47
Q

norms

A

understood rules for accepted and expected behavior

48
Q

culture

A

the enduring behaviors, ideas, attitudes, values, and traditions shared by a group of people and transmitted from one generation to the next

49
Q

social congition

A

chameleon effect - conforming to those around us

50
Q

normative social influence

A

influence resulting from a person’s desire to gain approval or avoid disapproval

51
Q

informational social influence

A

influence resulting from a person’s willingness to accept others’ opinion about reality

52
Q

social facilitation

A

improved performance on simple or well learned tasks in the presence of others

53
Q

social loafing

A

the tendency for people in a group to expert less effort when pooling their efforts toward attaining a common goal than when individually accountable

54
Q

deindividualization

A

the loss of self-awareness and self-restraint occurring in group situations that foster arousal and anonymity

55
Q

group polarization

A

the enhancement of a groups’ prevailing inclinations through discussion within the group

56
Q

groupthink

A

the mode of thinking that occurs when the desire for harmony in a decision-making group overrides a realistic appraisal of alternatives

57
Q

prejudice

A

unjustifiable and usually negative attitude toward a group and its members

58
Q

stereotype

A

A generalized (sometimes accurate but often overgeneralized) belief about a group of people

59
Q

discrimination

A

Unjustifiable negative behavior towards a group or its members

60
Q

just-world phenomenon

A

The tendency for people to believe the world is just and that people therefore get what they deserve and deserve what they get

61
Q

ingroup

A

“us” - people with whom we share a common identity

62
Q

outgroup

A

“them” - those perceived as different or apart from our ingroup

63
Q

scapegoat theory

A

the theory that prejudices offers an outlet for anger by providing someone to blame

64
Q

other-race effect

A

the tendency to recall faces of one’s own race more accurately than the faces of other races

65
Q

agression

A

any physical or verbal behavior intended to harm someone physically or emotionally

66
Q

resistance

A

the blocking from conscious of anxiety-ladened material

67
Q

interpretation

A

the analyst’s noting of supposed dream meanings, resistances, and other significant behaviors and events in order to promote insight

68
Q

transferance

A

the patient’s transfer to the analyst of emotions linked with other relationships

69
Q

psychodynamic therapy

A

therapy derived from the psychoanalytic tradition, views individuals as responding to unconscious forces and childhood experiences, and seeks to enhance self insight

70
Q

client centered therapy

A

a humanistic therapy, in which the therapist uses techniques such as active listening within and accepting, genuine, empathetic environment to facilitate clients’ growth

71
Q

behavior therapy

A

therapy that applies learning principles to the elimination of unwanted behaviors

Psych 113 (3 decks)

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