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Climate change > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Anomaly

A

Difference from the mean

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2
Q

Changes in precipitation

A

• how much it rains
• how hard it rains (intensity)
• frequency of rain

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3
Q

How can precipitation increase but the intensity has not

A

Rained more often

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4
Q

Snow water Equivalent

A

Amount of water in the snowpack

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5
Q

Glacier extent has been…

A

Decreasing

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6
Q

N hemisphere sea ice is…

A

Decreasing

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7
Q

S. Hemisphere sea ice is…

A

Decreasing too but was increasing at one point

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8
Q

What is making sea levels rise

A

Thermal expansion and glacier melt

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9
Q

Increase in temp=

A

• more intense precipitation
• reduction in snow, glacier, and sea ice
• increase sea level rise

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10
Q

What drives emissions I= PxAxT

A

Emissions= population + affluence + technology/ greenhouse gas intensity

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11
Q

Greenhouse gas intensity EI x CI

A

Energy intensity x carbon intensity

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12
Q

Energy intensity vs carbon intensity

A

Energy to produce $ GDP
Emission/ unit energy

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13
Q

Energy intensity has been…

A

Decreasing but carbon intensity has not

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14
Q

IPCC makes RCP

A

Representative Concentration Pathways

By the intergovernmental panel on Climate Change

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15
Q

RCP numbers

A

Refer to approximate radiative forcing by the year 2100

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16
Q

SSP’s

A

Shared socioeconomic pathways

17
Q

5 different SSP’s

A

1: sustainability and equity in everything
2: middle of the road
3: regional rivalry- conflict and economic growth for wealthy with fossil fuel use
4: inequality- 3 but with oil, gas, and coal
5: fossil fuel development- equity in economics with oil, gas, and coal

18
Q

Climate model is based on

A

Data, theory, and best understanding

19
Q

Steps of climate model

A
  1. Identify set of forcing- possible combinations of future conditions
  2. Set up model with relatively consistent conditions
  3. Wait
20
Q

How are climate models used

A

A. To test hypothesis about specific climate changes
B. Detection and attribution
C. What will climate be like in future

21
Q

Three kinds of uncertainty with GCM’s

A
  1. Scenario uncertainty
  2. Model uncertainty
  3. Internal variability
22
Q

Elements of cryosphere

A

Glaciers
Snow cover
Lake and River ice
Frozen ground aka permafrost
Sea ice
Ice shelf
Ice sheet

23
Q

Impacts of declining snow cover in Spring

A

• earlier start to growing season
• longer more intense wildfire season
• changes in streamflow
• challenges for snow- dependent wildlife
• greater variability and uncertainty
• economic impacts

24
Q

Ice sheet impact Antarctic and Greenland:

A

Antarctic: 60 m sea level rise
Greenland: 6 meters of sea level rise

25
Q

Permafrost melt=

A

Methane release and some lakes drain/ form

26
Q

Ocean tasks:

A

Creates oxygen- 50% in atmosphere
Carbon sink- absorb 25% of carbon
Heat sink: captures 90% of warming

27
Q

Ocean structure

A

Epipelagic zone (55F)
Thermocline
(39F)

28
Q

Climate change impact to marine systems

A
  1. Warning causes changes in physical structure of ocean
  2. Increased CO2 changes chemistry of ocean
  3. Warming can exacerbate existing problems
  4. Impacted marine life
29
Q

Warmer water vs colder water

A

Warm water less dense

30
Q

As ocean warms, it’s more

A

Stratified

31
Q

Fresh water is ___ than salty

A

Less Dense

32
Q

Density differences drive

A

Thermohaline circulation

33
Q

Thermohaline Circulation

A

Combination of ocean currents that play major role in redistributing heat around planet
Vertical currents depend on density and reno differences

34
Q

Thermohaline circulation Gulf Stream to Atlantic

A

Gulf Stream becomes saltier because of evaporation.
Merges with cold currents of Greenland and send cold, salty water to depths of ocean

35
Q

Ocean acidification

A

Oceans have historically been a 8.16 ph: basic
Due to rising CO2 changing chemistry

36
Q

Acidic oceans will

A

Deplete ocean of compounds used to make shells and skeletons

Climate change (1 decks)

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