Exam 3

Question 1

What is symbolic ethnicity?

Answer 1

The enactment of ethnic identities that occurs only on special occasions.
Ex: Irish Americans only showing Irish ancestry on St. Patricks Day

Question 2

What is situational ethnicity?

Answer 2

When someone deliberately inserts their ethnicity into a situation while downplaying it to others.
Ex: You go to a predominantly white school and hide your hispanic ethnicity, but when you get home you speak Spanish.

Question 3

What is individual discrimination?

Answer 3

When one person treats others unfairly because of their race or ethnicity.
Ex: A racist teacher discriminating against a hispanic student.

Question 4

What is institutional discrimination?

Answer 4

Systematic/ widespread discrimination occurring in institutions that affects whole groups.
Ex: Government, police force, banks etc.

Question 5

Compare color blind racism and race consciousness.

Answer 5

Color blind racism is a misguided belief that we live in a society where racism and discrimination no longer exist.
Race consciousness is the awareness of the importance of race in our everyday lives and dealing with social institutions.

Question 6

What is culture appropriation?

Answer 6

When members of a dominant ethnic group take cultural elements from a marginalized group and use it to their advantage.
Ex: A white girl dressing up as a chola for halloween.

Question 7

Compare the structural functionalist and conflict approach to racial inequality.

Answer 7

Structural functionalist- race and ethnic differences are a necessary part in society, they maintain social order.
Conflict theorists- minority and majority groups have differences and find themselves at odds to protect their interests.

Question 8

What is passing?

Answer 8

Living as one from a different racial category.
Ex: Light skinned African American passing to be white to avoid discrimination.

Question 9

How does race affect family?

Answer 9

Race and ethnicity correlates to a family’s socioeconomic status.
African Americans are less likely that hispanics and whites to get married (which means black children are more likely to grow up in a single-parent home).

Question 10

How does race affect health?

Answer 10

Whites typically have better health matters than minorities (not always the case).
Whites have a longer life expectancy that African Americans, however not longer than hispanics.

Question 11

What is intersectionality?

Answer 11

How different categories of inequality (race, ethnicity, religion) intersect and shape the lives of people.
Ex: A working class woman of color faces economic, gender, and racial discrimination.

Question 12

What is assimilation? What may be sacrificed due to assimilation?

Answer 12

Minority group being absorbed by a majority group. Minorities can lose racial ethnicity through this process.
Ex: America’s melting pot

Question 13

What is gender identity?

Answer 13

A persons sense of being male, female, or some other gender (may or may not correspond with our sex from birth).

Question 14

Compare cisgender and transgender.

Answer 14

Cisgender- when our sex and gender identity match up (ex: male sex, male identity).
Transgender- when our gender identity is different from or sex assigned at birth (ex: male sex, female identity).

Question 15

What is Kinsey’s view of sexuality?

Answer 15

Suggested that human sexuality is extremely diverse. People are not strictly straight or gay, but fall on a spectrum (a fluid continuum).

Question 16

What is queer theory?

Answer 16

Rejects the idea of a single LGBTQ person and emphasizes the importance of difference. All about possibilities, gaps, overlaps, etc.

Question 17

What is family’s influence on gender role socialization?

Answer 17

Families relate a child far before birth to a specific gender (ex: decorating baby room for baby boy/ girl before born). Once babies are born, families talk to the baby depending on their gender (ex: stopping boys from crying).

Question 18

How do teachers treat boys and girls differently?

Answer 18

Teachers tend to favor boys over girls. Boys are given more challenging questions and are praised more for their work.

Question 19

What were Pascoe’s findings in “dude, you’re a fag”?

Answer 19

Show how powerful friend groups are in enforcing gender roles and assuming sexuality. Calling boys a “fag” or girls a “slut” reinforces traditional gender norms.

Question 20

What is homophobia?

Answer 20

Fear of those who are gay.

Question 21

What is the functionalist view of gender and the two roles?

Answer 21

There are social roles that are suited better for one gender over the other. Female roles work for male roles in a family.
Instrumental role- family position that provides material support.
Expressive role- family position that provides emotional support and nurturing.

Question 22

Compare the functionalist and conflict theory perspective on male/ female dominated occupations.

Answer 22

Functionalist- sex determines what roles someone is best suited for, women play expressive roles and men play instrumental roles.
Conflict- men have more access to privilege because of the division in labor (men are better paid and hold more prestige).

Question 23

Which gender is more likely to report to have never been married and why?

Answer 23

Men are more likely because they aren’t pressured like women to get married some point in their life.

Question 24

What is the great equalizer in life expectancy?

Answer 24

Refers to Covid-19, people of color experienced higher death rates (people of color are more likely to work essential jobs).

Question 25

Explain the feminization in poverty.

Answer 25

Women are more likely to live in poverty because of pay gap and more likelihood of being a single parent.

Question 26

What offenses do women have higher arrest rates for?

Answer 26

Embezzlement and prostitution.

Question 27

What are marriage affects on work for men and women?

Answer 27

Never-married women are more likely to work than married women, while married men are more likely to work than never-married men.

Question 28

What is the most visible and controversial issue for the LGBTQ+ movement? Who is more likely to support and oppose that issue?

Answer 28

The battle for marriage equality. People who oppose feel same-sex marriage will destroy other marriages and goes against religious morals, while those who are for same-sex marriage believe it is a sanctioned right.

Question 29

Compare the census bureau definition and sociological definition of family.

Answer 29

Census bureau- two or more individuals related by blood, marriage, or adoption that live in the same household.
Sociological- a social group who’s members are bound together legally, biologically, emotionally, or all three.

Question 30

How did the industrial revolution change family?

Answer 30

Family was defined as nuclear family (a heterosexual couple with one or more children in the same household).
Tasks completed by family switched to institutions (schools, jobs, farming, etc.)
Women’s role (stay at home mom) considered less than the men’s role (going out to work).

Question 31

What is the structural functionalist view of family?

Answer 31

Family is a culturally universal and each part of a family contributes to society.

Question 32

What is the conflict theory view of family?

Answer 32

Families produce children to function efficiently in a capitalist economy.

Question 33

What is homogamy?

Answer 33

Marrying someone similar to you.
Ex: same social class, race, religion, ethnicity, etc.

Question 34

Compare endogamy and exogamy.

Answer 34

Endogamy- requiring to marry someone within their groups.
Exogamy- marrying outside of your social groups.

Question 35

What is propinquity?

Answer 35

Refers to geographical proximity, we tend to be with people who live close to us.

Question 36

What are blended families?

Answer 36

Stepfamily.

Question 37

Compare instrumental tasks and expressive tasks.

Answer 37

Instrumental- physical tasks to maintain family life (cleaning the gutters, washing dishes).
Expressive- emotional work to support family members (playing games with kids).

Question 38

What is the sandwich generation?

Answer 38

Adults who provide material and emotional support to both younger children and older parents.
Increasing number of middle-aged people are becoming apart of this generation.

Question 39

What reasons might domestic abuse victims stay with their abusers?

Answer 39

They are told they can’t make it without them, threaten to harm family members, and isolated from friends and family and scared to get help.