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Exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

WHAT DOES THE EYEBALL CONTAIN

A

OPTIC APPARATUS

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2
Q

WHAT ARE THE 3 LAYERS OF THE EYEBALL

A

FIBROUS LAYER
VASCULAR LAYER
INNER LAYER

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3
Q

WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF THE FIBROUS LAYER OF THE EYEBALL

A

ITS AN EXTERNAL FIBROUS SKELETON THAT PROVIDES SHAPE AND RESISTANCE

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4
Q

WHAT ARE THE CONTENTS OF THE FIBROUS LAYER OF THE EYEBALL

A

SCLERA
&
CORNEA

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5
Q

WHAT IS A SCLERA

A

TOUGH OPAQUE PART THAT COVERS THE POSTERIOR 5/6TH OF THE EYEBALL

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6
Q

WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF THE SCLERA

A

PROVIDES ATTACHMENT FOR MUSCLES OF THE EYE; RELATIVELY AVASCULAR

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7
Q

WHAT IS A CORNEA

A

TRANSPARENT PART THAT COVERS THE ANTERIOR 1/6TH OF THE EYEBALL

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8
Q

WHAT ARE THE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE CORNEA

A

COMPLETELY AVASCULAR, NOURISHMENT IS PROVIDED BY THE LACRIMAL FLUID AND AQUEOUS HUMOR. ITS INNERVATED BY CN V1

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9
Q

WHAT ARE THE CONTENTS OF THE VASCULAR LAYER OF THE EYEBALL

A

CHOROID
CILIARY BODY
IRIS

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10
Q

WHAT IS A CHOROID

A

PIGMENTED LAYER BETWEEN SCLERA AND RETINA (DARK REDDISH-BROWN COLOR)

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11
Q

WHAT IS THE LARGEST PART OF THE VASCULAR EYE

A

CHOROID

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12
Q

WHAT PART OF THE EYEBALL IS RESPONSIBLE FOR ‘RED EYE’ REFLECTION PRESENT IN FLASH PHOTOGRAPHY

A

CHOROID

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13
Q

WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF THE CILIARY BODY

A

PROVIDES ATTACHMENT FOR THE LENS. CONTRACTION OF SMOOTH MUSCLES OF THE CILIARY BODY CONTROLS ACCOMODATION OF THE LENS

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14
Q

WHAT ARE CILIARY PROCESSES

A

FOLDS ON THE INTERNAL SURFACE OF THE CILIARY BODY

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15
Q

WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF THE CILIARY PROCESSES

A

THEY SECRETE AQUEOUS HUMOUR, WHICH FILLS THE ANTERIOR SEGMENT OF THE EYEBALL

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16
Q

WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF THE SUSPENSORY LIGAMENTS

A

THEY CONNECT THE CILIARY BODY TO THE LENS

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17
Q

WHAT IS THE IRIS OF THE EYE

A

A THIN CONTRACTILE DIAPHRAGM, WITH A CENTRAL APERTURE OR PUPIL

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18
Q

WHAT PARTS OF THE EYE CONTROL PUPIL SIZE

A

SPHINSTER PUPILLAE M.
&
DILATOR PUPILLAE M.

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19
Q

WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF THE SPHINCTER PUPILLLAE MUSCLE

A

CIRCULAR, CONSTRICTS PUPIL
(PARASYMPATHETICALLY STIMULATED VIA CILIARY GANGLION)

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20
Q

WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF THE DILATOR PUPILLAE MUSCLE

A

RADIAL, DILATE PUPIL
(SYMPATHETICALLY STIMULATED VIA SUPERIOR CERVICAL GANGLION)

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21
Q

WHAT ARE THE CONTENTS OF THE INNER LAYER OF THE EYEBALL

A

RETINA

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22
Q

WHAT IS THE SENSORY NEURAL LAYER OF THE EYEBALL CALLED

A

RETINA

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23
Q

WHAT ARE THE TWO LAYERS OF THE RETINA CALLED

A

NEURAL LAYER
& PIGMENTED LAYER

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24
Q

WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF THE NEURAL LAYER OF THE RETINA

A

LIGHT RECEPTION

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25
Q

WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF THE PIGMENTED LAYER OF THE RETINA

A

SINGLE LAYER OF CELLS, REINFORCING THE LIGHT-ABSORBING PROPERTIES OF THE CHOROID BY REDUCING THE SCATTERING OF LIGHT IN THE EYEBALL

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26
Q

DESCRIBE THE NON-VISUAL RETINA

A

IT EXTENDS ANTERIORLY OVER THE CILIARY BODY AND POSTERIOR SURFACE OF THE IRIS

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27
Q

WHAT IS THE FUNDUS OF THE EYEBALL

A

INTERNAL ASPECT OF THE POSTERIOR OF THE EYEBALL, WHWREE THE LIGHT ENTERING THE EYEBALL IS FOCUSED

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28
Q

WHAT IS THE OPTIC DISK

A

WHERE THE OPTIC NERVE ENTERS THE EYEBALL, AND IS INSENSITIVE TO LIGHT

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29
Q

WHAT IS THE MACULA OF THE RETINA

A

AREA SPECIALIZED FOR ACUITY OF VISION

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30
Q

DESCRIBE THE FOVEA CENTRALIS

A

~ 1.5 mm AT THE CENTER OF THE MACULA IS THE AREA OF MOST ACUTE VISION

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31
Q

DESCRIBE THE CORNEA

A

REFRACTS LIGHT ENTERING THE EYE, FOCUSING AN INVERTED IMAGE ON THE LIGHT-SENSITIVE RETINA OF THE OPTIC FUNDUS

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32
Q

DESCRIBE THE AQUEOUS HUMOR

A

OCCUPIES ANTERIOR AND POSTERIOR CHAMBERS OF THE EYE. PRODUCED IN POSTERIOR CHAMBER BY CILIARY PROCESSES OF CILIARY BODY AND PROVIDES NUTRIENTS FOR THE AVASCULAR CORNEA AND LENS

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33
Q

DESCRIBE THE LENS OF THE EYE

A

TRANSPARENT, BICONVEX STRUCTURE, ANCHORED BY THE SUSPENSORY LIGAMENTS OF THE LENS TO THE CILIARY PROCESSES.

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34
Q

WHAT MODIFIES THE CURVATURE OF THE LENS

A

THE CILIARY MUSCLE

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35
Q

WHAT IS THE VITREOUS HUMOR

A

WATERY FLUID ENCLOSED IN THE VITREOUS BODY. IT HOLDS THE RETINA IN PLACE AND SUPPORTS THE LENS

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36
Q

NERVES OF THE ORBIT

A

OCULOMOTOR NERVE (CN 3)
ABDUCENT NERVE (CN 6)
TROCHLEAR NERVE (CN 4)
OPHTHALMIC DIVISION (CN V1)
OPTIC NERVE (CN 7)

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37
Q

WHAT IS THE COURSE OF THE OCULOMOTOR NERVE

A

TRAVELS IN LATERAL WALL OF THE CAVERNOUS SINUS -> ENTERS TRU SUPERIOR ORBITAL FISSURE. SUPERIOR AND INFERIOR DIVISIONS. 5/7 MUSCLES. CILIARY GANGLION VIA SHORT CILIARY NERVES TO CILIARY BODY AND IRIS

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38
Q

WHAT IS THE COURSE OF THE ABDUCENT NERVE

A

TRAVELS IN THE CAVERNOUS SINUS –> ENTERS THRU THE SUPERIOR ORBITAL FISSURE. INNERVATES THE LATERAL RECTUS MUSCLE

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39
Q

WHAT IS THE COURSE OF THE TROCHLEAR NERVE

A

TRAVELS IN THE LATERAL WALL OF THE CAVERNOUS SINUS –> ENTERS THRU THE SUPERIOR ORBITAL FISSURE. INNERVATES THE SUPERIOR OBLIQUE MUSCLE.

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40
Q

WHAT IS THE COURSE OF THE OPHTALMIC NERVE

A

TRAVLES IN THE LATERAL WALL OF THE CAVERNOUS SINUS –> ENTERS THRU THE SUPERIOR ORBITAL FISSURE. FRONTAL, LACRIMAL, NASOCILIARY. LONG CILOARY NERVE TO IRIS AND CORNEA

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41
Q

ARTERIES OF THE ORBIT

A

OPHTHALMIC ARTERY
CENTRAL ARTERTY
CILIARY ARTERY
LACRIMAL ARTERY
ANDTERIOR & POSTERIOR ETHMOIDAL ARTERY
MUSCULAR ARTERY
SUPRAORBITAL ARTERY
SUPRATROCHLEAR ARTERY
DORSAL NASAL ARTERY
INFRA-ORBITAL ARTERY

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42
Q

OCCLUSION OF WHICH ARTERY RESULTS IN BLINDNESS

A

CENTRAL ARTERY

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43
Q

WHAT IS THE COURSE OF THE OPHTHALMIC ARTERY

A

FROM INTERNAL CAROTID AFTER EMERGING FROM THE CAVERNOUS SINUS –> RUNS PARALLEL TO THE OPTIC NERVE TRU THE OPTIC CANAL

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44
Q

WHAT IS THE COURSE OF THE CENTRAL ARTERY

A

PIERCES SHEATH OF OPTIC NERVE AND RUNS WITH THE OPTIC NERVE TO THE EYEBALL. TERMINAL BRANCHES ARE END ARTERIES SUPPLYING THE INTERNAL ASPECT OF RETINA

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45
Q

WHAT DOES THE CILIARY ARTERY SUPPLY

A

SCLERA
CILIARY BODY
IRIS
CHOROID

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46
Q

WHAT DOES THE LACRIMAL ARTERY SUPPLY

A

LACRIMAL
CONJUNCTIVA
EYELIDS

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47
Q

WHAT DOES THE ANTERIOR AND POSTERIOR ETHMOIDAL ARTERY SUPPLY

A

SINUSES

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48
Q

WHAT DOES THE MUSCULAR ARTERY SUPPLY

A

ORBITAL MUSCLES

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49
Q

WHAT IS THE COURSE OF THE SUPRAORBITAL ARTERY

A

EMERGES ONTO THE FACE TOGETHER WITH THE SUPRAORBITAL NERVE

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50
Q

WHAT IS THE COURSE OF THE SUPRTROCHLEAR ARTERY

A

EMERGES ONTO THE FACE TOGETHER WITH THE TROCHLEAR NERVE

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51
Q

WHERE IS THE DORAL NASAL ARTERY LOCATED

A

ON MEDIAL SIDE OF ORBIT

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52
Q

WHAT DOES THE INFRO-ORBITAL ARTERY SUPPLY

A

THE ORBITAL FLOOR

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53
Q

WHAT ARE THE VEINS OF THE ORBIT

A

SUPERIOR OPTHALMIC VEIN
INFERIOR OPTHALMIC VEIN
VORTICOSE VEINS

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54
Q

WHAT IS THE COURSE OF THE SUPERIOR OPTHALMIC VEIN

A

IT IS CONTINUOUS WITH THE FACIAL VEIN ANTERIORLY –> CROSSES DIAGNALLY [FROM MEDIAL TO LATERAL ABOVE OPTIC NERVE –> EXITS THROUGH THE SUPERIOR ORBITAL FISSURE –> TERMINATES IN THE CAVERNOUS SINUS. DRAINS STRUCTURES WITHIN THE ORBIT

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55
Q

WHAT IS THE COURSE OF THE INFERIOR OPHTHALMIC VEIN

A

RUNS ON FLOOR OF ORBIT. IT BEGINS AT THE PLEXUS OF VEINS ON THE FLOOR OF THE ORBIT. COMMUNICATES WITH THE PTERYGOID VENOUS PLEXUS INFERIORLY AND THE SUPERIOR OPTHALMIC BEFORE GOING INTO CAVERNOUS SINUS

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56
Q

WHAT DO VORTICOSE VEINS DRAIN

A

THEY DRAIN THE VASCULAR LAYER OF THE EYEBALL AND ARE TRIBUTARIES OF THE OPHTHALMIC VEINS

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57
Q

WHAT IS THE MIDDLE EAR

A

NARROW AIR-FILLED CHAMBER IN THE PETROUS PPART OF THE TEMPORAL BONE

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58
Q

WHAT IS THE TYMPANIC CAVITY PROPER

A

SPACE DIRECTLY INTERNAL TO THE TYMPANIC MEMBRANE

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59
Q

WHAT IS THE EPITYMPANIC RECESS

A

SPACE SUPERIOR TO THE TYMPANIC MEMBRANE

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60
Q

WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF THE PHARYNGOTYMPANIC TUBE

A

CONNECTS THE TYMPANIC MEMBRANE TO THE NASOPHARYNX

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61
Q

POSTEROLATERAL 1/3RD IS BONY, REST 2/3 IS CARTILAGINOUS. EQUALIZES PRESSURE IN MIDDLE EAR WITH ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE, ALLOWING FREE MOVEMENT FO THE TYMPANIC MEMBRANE. NAME THE STRUCTURE

A

PHARYNGOTYMPANIC TUBE

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62
Q

WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF THE AUDITORY OSSICLES

A

THEY TRANSFER SOUND FROM THE TYMPANIC MEMBRANE TO THR OVAL WINDOW

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63
Q

FUNCTION OF THE LABRYRINTHINE WALL

A

SEPARATES THE MIDDLE AND INNER EAR

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64
Q

WHAT IS THE FIRST BONE TO BE OSSIFIED DURING DEVELOPMENT AND ARE PRACTICALLY MATURE AT BIRTH

A

AUDITORY OSSICLES

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65
Q

WHAT ARE THE MUSCLES ASSOCIATED WITH AUDITORY OSSICLES

A

TENSOR TYMPANI MUSCLE
STAPEDIUS MUSCLE

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66
Q

WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF THE TENSOR TYMPANI MUSCLE

A

TENSES TYMPANIC MEMBRANE AND REDUCES AMPLITUDE OF ITS OSCILLATIONS. THIS REDUCES DAMAGE TO THE INTERNAL EAR WHEN EXPOSED TO LOUD SOUNDS. INN BY CNV3

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67
Q

WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF THE STAPEDIUS MUSCLE

A

REDUCES OSILLATORY RANGE OF THE STAPES. INN BY CN7

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68
Q

THIS STRUCTURE CONTAINS THE VESTIBULOCHOCLEAR ORGAN

A

INTERNAL EAR

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69
Q

WHERE IS THE INNER EAR LOCATED

A

PETROUS PORTION OF THE TEMPORAL BONE

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70
Q

WHAT ARE THE COMPONENTS OF THE INNER EAR

A

COCHLEA
VESTIBULE
SEMICIRCULAR CANAL
ALL OF THESE MAKE UP THE BONY LABYRINTH

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71
Q

SERIES OF CAVITIES INCLUDING THE COCHLEA, VESTIBULE, AND SEMICIRCULAR CANALS

A

BONY LABYRINTH

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72
Q

SHELL-SHAPED PART OF THE BONY LABYRINTH THAT CONTAINS THE COCHLEAR DUCT

A

COCHLEA

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73
Q

SMALL OVAL CHAMBER CONGTAINING THE UTRICLE AND SACCULE

A

VESTIBULE

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74
Q

THIS STRUCTURE OF THE BONY LABYRINTH COMMUNICATES WITH THE VESTIBULE AND HOUSES THE SEMICIRCULAR DUCTS

A

SEMICIRCULAR CANALS

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75
Q

WHAT IS AN AURICLE

A

CONSISTS OF CARTILAGE AND FIBROUS TISSUE, AND DIRECTS SOUND WAVES TOWARD THE EXTERNAL AUDITORY APPARATUS

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76
Q

CANAL LEADING INWARDS FROM THE AURICLE TO TYMPANIC MEMBRANE

A

EXTERNAL ACOUSTIC MEATUS

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77
Q

DESCRIBE THE LATERAL 1/3RD OF THE EXTERNAL ACOUSTIC MEATUS

A

CARTILAGINOUS AND LINED WITH SKIN THAT IS CONTINUOUS WITH AURICULAR SKIN

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78
Q

WHAT PORTION OF THE EXTERNAL ACOUSTIC MEATUS PRODUCES EAR WAX

A

LATERAL 1/3RD

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79
Q

DESCRIBE THE MEDIAL 2/3RD OF THE EXTERNAL ACOUSTIC MEATUS

A

BONY AND LINED WITH SKIN CONTINUOUS WITH THE TYMPANIC MEMBRANE

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80
Q

DESCRIBE THE TYMPANIC MEMBRANE

A

~1 cm DIAMETER, THIN, SEMITRANSPARENT MEMBRANE AT THE MEDIAL END OF THE EXTERNAL ACOUSTIC MEATUS

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81
Q

WHAT COVERS THE TYMPANIC MEMBRANE

A

COVERED WITH SKIN EXTERNALLY AND MUCOUS MEMBRANE INTERNALLY

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82
Q

WHERE IS MOVEMENT OF THE TYMPANIC MEMBRANE PASSED OFF TO

A

THE AUDITORY OSSICLES

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83
Q

WHAT VASCULATURE SUPPLIES BLOOD TO THE AURICLE

A

SUPERFICIAL TEMPORAL A
& POSTERIOR AURICULAR A.

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84
Q

WHAT NERVES INNERVATES THE AURICLE

A

GREAT AURICULAR N
& AURICULOTEMPORAL N

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85
Q

WHAT ARE THE NERVES OF THE EXTERNAL MEATUS AND THE TYMPANIC MEMBRANE

A

AURICULOTEMPORAL N
VAGUS N
GLOSSOPHARYNGEAL N

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86
Q

WHAT ARE THE COMPONENTS OF THE POSTERIOR ABDOMINAL WALL

A

1.) 5 LUMBAR VERTEBRAE LOCATED CENTRALLY
2.) MUSCLES
3.) DIAPHRAGM FORMS THE SUPERIOR PART
4.) FASCIA
5.) LUMBAR PLEXUS
6.) FAT, NERVES, VESSELS, AND LYMPH NODES

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87
Q

NAME THE FASICA OF THE POSTERIOR ABDOMINAL WALL

A

1.) ENDOABDOMINAL FASCIA
2.) PSOAS FASCIA
3.) THORACOLUMBAR FASCIA
4.) QUADRATUS LUMBORUM FASCIA

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88
Q

THIS FASCIA LIES BETWEEN THE PARIETAL PERITONEUM AND THE MUSCLES AND IS CONTINUOUS WITH THE TRANSVERSALIS FASCIA

A

ENDOABDOMINAL FASCIA

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89
Q

THIS FASCIA SURROUNDS THE PSOAS MAJOR MUSCLE AND IS ATTACHED MEDIALLY TO THE LUMBER VERTEBRAE AND PELVIC BRIM.

A

PSOAS FASCIA

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90
Q

THIS FASCIA THICKENS TO FORM THE MEDIAL ARCUATE LIGAMENT AND IS CONTINUOUS WITH THE QUADRATUS LUMBORUM AND THORACOLUMBAR FASCIAS

A

PSOAS FASCIA

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91
Q

THIS EXTENSIVE FASCIA IS ATTACHED TO THE VERTEBRAL COLUMN AND ENVELOPES THE DEEP BACK MUSCLES. IT IS THINNER IN THE THORACIC THAN IN THE LUMBAR AREA

A

THORACOLUMBAR FASCIA

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92
Q

THIS FASCIA IS THE ANTERIOR LAYER OF THE THORACOLUMBAR FASCIA THAT COVERS THE QUADRATUS LUMBORUM MUSCLE. IT THICKENS TO FORM THE LATERAL ARCUATE LIGAMENT

A

QUADRATUS LUMBORUM FASCIA

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93
Q

THIS MUSCLE OF THE POSTERIOR ABDOMINAL WALL IS LATERAL TO THE LUMBAR VERTEBRAE

A

PSOAS MAJOR MUSCLE

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94
Q

WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF THE PSOAS MAJOR AND WHAT INNERVATES IT

A

IT FLEXES THE THIGH OR TRUNK. IT IS INNERVATED BY THE ANTERIOR RAMI OF L1-L3

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95
Q

THIS MUSCLE OF THE POSTERIOR ABDOMINAL WALL IS LATERAL TO THE INFERIOR PART OF THE PSOAS MAJOR AND ITS TENDONS JOIN THOSE OF THE PSOAS MAJOR TO FORM THE ILIOPSOAS

A

ILIACUS MUSCLE

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96
Q

WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF THE ILIACUS MUSCLE AND WHAT INNERVATES IT

A

IT FLEXES THE THIGH AND STABILIZES TH HIP JOINT.
IT IS INNERVATED BY FEMORAL NERVE (L2-L4)

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97
Q

THIS MUSCLE OF THE POSTERIOR ABDOMINAL WALL IS LATERAL TO THE SUPERIOR PART OF THE PSOAS MAJOR AND FORMS THE KIDNEY BED

A

QUADRATUS LUMBORUM MUSCLE

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98
Q

WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF THE QUADRATUS LUMBORUM MUSCLE AND WHAT INNERVATES IT

A

IT EXTENDS AND LATERALLY FLEXES THE VERTEBRAL COLUMN. IT IS INNERVATED BY THE SUBCOSTAL NERVE AND L1-L4 NERVES

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99
Q

WHAT ARE THE VESSELS OF THE POSTERIOR ABDOMINAL WALL

A

ABDOMINAL AORTA
IVC (DRAINAGE)

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100
Q

WHERE IS THE ABDOMINAL AORTA LOCATED

A

IT BEGINS AT THE AORTIC HIATUS AND ENDS AT THE LEVEL OF L4, WHERE IT DIVIDES INTO L & R COMMON ILIAC ARTERIES

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101
Q

WHAT ARE THE BRANCHES OF THE ABDOMINAL AORTA

A

INFERIOR PHRENIC ARTERY
MIDDLE SUPRARENAL ARTERY
RENAL ARTERY
GONADAL ARTERY
LUMBAR ARTERY
CELIAC TRUNK
SUPERIOR MESENTERIC ARTERY
INFERIOR MESENTERIC ARTERY
COMMON ILIAC ARTERY

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102
Q

DESCRIBE THE INFERIOR PHRENIC ARTERY & ITS LOCATION

A

PAIRED, INFERIOR SURFACE OF DIAPHRAGM

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103
Q

DESCRIBE THE MIDDLE SUPRARENAL ARTERY & ITS LOCATION

A

PAIRED, ADRENAL GLANDS

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104
Q

DESCRIBE THE RENAL ARTERY & ITS LOCATION

A

PAIRED, KIDNEY

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105
Q

DESCRIBE THE GONADAL ARTERY & ITS LOCATION

A

PAIRED, GONADS

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106
Q

DESCRIBE THE LUMBAR ARTERY AND ITS LOCATION

A

4 PAIRS, ABDOMINAL WALL

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107
Q

DESCRIBE THE CELIAC TRUNK & ITS LOCATION

A

UNPAIRED, FOREGUT AND ASSOCIATED ORGANS

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108
Q

DESCRIBE THE SUPERIOR MESENTERIC ARTERY & ITS LOCATION

A

UNPAIRED, MIDGUT

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109
Q

DESCRIBE THE INFERIOR MESENTERIC ARTERY & ITS LOCATION

A

UNPAIRED, HINDGUT

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110
Q

DESCRIBE THE COMMON ILIAC ARTERY & ITS LOCATION

A

BIFURCATION OF AORTA, AT L4 LEVEL

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111
Q

DESCRIBE THE LOCATION OF THE IVC (INFERIOR VENA CAVA)

A

IT BEGINS ANTERIOR TO L5 BY THE UNION OF THE COMMON ILIAC VEINS INFERIOR TO THE AORTIC BIFURCATION –> ENTERS CAVAL OPENING AND THORAX AT LEVEL OF T8

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112
Q

WHAT VEINS DRAIN THE LIVER

A

HEPATIC VEINS

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113
Q

WHAT VEINS DRAIN THE INFERIOR SURFACE OF THE DIAPHRAGM

A

INFERIOR PHRENIC VEINS

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114
Q

WHAT VEINS DRAIN THE RIGHT SUPRARENAL GLAND

A

RIGHT SUPRARENAL VEIN

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115
Q

WHAT VEIN DRAINS THE RIGHT TESTIS OR RIGHT OVARY

A

RIGHT GONADAL VEIN

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116
Q

THIS VEIN DRAINS THE KIDNEYS

A

LEFT AND RIGHT RENAL VEINS

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117
Q

WHAT DOES THE LEFT GONADAL VEIN DRAIN

A

DRAINS LEFT TESTIS OR LEFT OVARY

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118
Q

WHAT DOES THE LEFT SUPRARENAL VEIN DRAIN

A

DRAINS THE LEFT SUPRARENAL GLAND

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119
Q

WHAT VEINS DRAIN THE ABDOMINAL WALL

A

LUMBAR VEINS

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120
Q

WHAT VEINS DRAIN THE LEGS

A

COMMON ILIAC VEINS

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121
Q

WHAT IS THE COURSE OF THE SUBCOSTAL NERVE (T12) AND WHAT DOES IT INNERVATE

A

IT RUNS INFEROLATERALLY ON THE ANTERIOR SURFACE OF THE QUADRATUS LUMBORUM MUSCLE. IT INNERVATES THE MUSCLES OF THE ANTEROLATERAL ABDOMINAL WALL AND SKIN ON THE SIDE OF THE HIP

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122
Q

WHAT NERVES COMPOSE THE LUMBAR PLEXUS

A

ILLIOHYPOGASTRIC NERVE
ILIOINGUINAL NERVE
GENITOFEMORAL NERVE
LATERAL CUTANEOUS NERVE OF THIGH
FEMORAL NERVE
OBTURATOR NERVE
LUMBOSACRAL TRUNK

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123
Q

WHAT IS THE COURSE OF THE ILLIOHYPOGASTRIC NERVE AND WHAT DOES IT INNERVATE

A

IT RUNS INFEROLATERALLY ON THE ANTERIOR SURFACE OF THE QUADRATUS LUMBORUM MUSCLE. IT INNERVATES IO AND TA MUSCLES, AND SKIN ABOVE THE PUBIS

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124
Q

WHAT IS THE COURSE OF THE ILIOINGUINAL NERVE AND WHAT DOES IT INNERVATE

A

IT RUNS INFEROLATERALLY ON THE ANTERIOR SURFACE OF THE QUADRATUS LUMBORUM MUSCLE. IT INNERVATES IO AND TA MUSCLE, AND SKIN ON THE ROOT OF THE PENIS AND ANTERIOR SCROTUM

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125
Q

WHAT IS THE COURSE OF THE GENITOFEMORAL NERVE AND WHAT DOES IT INNERVATE

A

IT PIERCES THE PSOAS MAJOR AND RUNS INFERIORLY ON ITS ANTERIOR SURFACE. IT INNERVATES THE SKIN ON THE ANTERIOR THIGH.

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126
Q

IN FEMALES, THE GENITOFEMORAL NERVE INNERVATES WHAT

A

SKIN ON MONS PUBIS AND LABIA MAJORA

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127
Q

IN MALES, THE GENITOFEMORAL NERVE INNERVATES WHAT

A

CREMASTER MUSCLE AND SKIN OF SCOTUM

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128
Q

WHAT IS THE COURSE OF THE LATERAL CUTANEOUS NERVE OF THE THIGH. WHAT DOES IT INNERVATE

A

IT RUNS INFEROLATERAL ON THE ILIACUS AND ENTERS THE THIGH DEEP TO THE INGUINAL LIGAMENT. IT INNERVATES THE SKIN ON ANTEROLATERAL SURFACE OF THE THIGH

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129
Q

WHAT IS THE COURSE OF THE OBTURATOR NERVE AND WHAT DOES IT INNERVATE

A

IT EMERGES FROM THE MEDIAL BORDER OF THE PSOAS MAJOR AND PASSES THRU THE OBTURATOR FORAMEN TO THE MEDIAL THIGH. IT INNERVATES THE MUSCLES OF THE MEDIAL COMPARTMENT OF THE THIGH

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130
Q

WHAT IS THE COURSE OF THE LUMBOSACRAL TRUNK

A

IT DESCENDS INTO THE PELVIS TO CONTRIBUTE TO THE SACRAL PLEXUS

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131
Q

(PARASYMPATHETIC) WHAT DO THE ANTERIOR AND POSTERIOR VAGAL TRUNKS INNERVATE?

A

THE GI TRACT AS FAR DOWN AS THE LEFT COLIC FLEXURE

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132
Q

WHAT NERVES ARE INVOLVED IN AUTONOMIC-SYMPATHETIC INNERVATION

A

LOWER THORACIC SPLANCHNIC NERVES
&
LUMBAR SPLANCHNIC NERVES

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133
Q

WHAT NERVES ARE INVOLVED IN AUTONOMIC-PARASYMPATHETIC INNERVATION

A

ANTERIOR AND POSTERIOR VAGAL TRUNKS
&
PELVIS SPLANCHINIC NERVES

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134
Q

WHAT COMPRISES THE ABDOMINAL AUTONOMIC PLEXUSES

A

ITS COMPRISED OF NERVE NETWORKS OF SYMPATHETIC AND PARASYMPATHETIC FIBERS, SURROUNDING THE ABDOMINAL AORTA AND ITS MAJOR BRANCHES

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135
Q

WHERE ARE THE CELIAC GANGLIA & PLEXUS LOCATED? AND WHAT DO THEY SUPPLY?

A

LOCATED AROUND THE ORIGIN OF THE CELIAC TRUNK. SUPPLIES THE LIVER, GALLBLADDER, STOMACH, SPLEEN, PANCREAS, AND PROXIMAL PART OF THE DUODENUM

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136
Q

WHERE ARE THE SUPERIOR MESENTERIC GANGLIA AND PLEXUS LOCATED? WHAT DO THEY SUPPLY?

A

LOCATED AROUND THE ORIGIN OF THE S.M.A.

SUPPLIES THE HEAD OF PANCREAS, DISTAL DUODENUM, JEJUNUM, ILEUM, CECUM, ASCENDING AND TRANSVERSE COLON

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137
Q

WHERE ARE THE INFERIOR MESENTERIC GANGLIA AND PLEXUS LOCATED? WHAT DO THE SUPPLY?

A

LOCATED AROUND THE ORIGIN OF THE I.M.A.

SUPPLIES THE DESCENDING COLON, SIGMOID COLON, AND UPPER RECTUM

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138
Q

WHERE IS THE AORTICORENAL GANGLION AND RENAL PLEXUS LOCATED? WHAT DO THEY SUPPLY

A

LOCATED AROUND THE ORIGIN OF THE RENAL ARTERY.

SUPPLIES THE ADRENAL GLANDS, KIDNEYS, AND PROXIMAL URETERS

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139
Q

WHERE IS THE SUPERIOR HYPOGASTRIC PLEXUS LOCATED? WHAT DOES IT SUPPLY?

A

LOCATED INFERIOR TO THE BIFURCATION OR THE AORTA. IT IS JOINED TO THE INFERIOR HYPOGASTRIC PLEXUS BY THE HYPOGASTRIC NERVES

SUPPLIES THE URETERIC AND TESTICULAR PLEXUSES

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140
Q

WHERE IS THE INFERIOR HYPOGASTRIC PLEXUS LOCATED? WHAT DOES IT SUPPLY?

A

LOCATED ON BOTH SIDES OF THE RECTUM, CERVIX OF UTERUS, AND URINARY BLADDER

SUPPLIES RECTAL AND VESICAL PLEXUSES

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141
Q

WHERE ARE THE KIDNEYS LOCATED?

A

RETROPERITONEAL ON THE P.A.W. ONE ON EACH SIDE OF THE VERTEBRAL COLUMN AT THE LEVEL OF T12-L3 VERTEBRAE.

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142
Q

WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF THE KIDNEYS?

A

FILTERS BLOOD, AND MAINTINS FLUID, SALT, AND pH BALANCE

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143
Q

DESCRIBE THE RENAL CAPSULE

A

TOUGH FIBROUS LAYER

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144
Q

DESCRIBE PERINEPHRIC FAT

A

SURROUNDS THE KIDNEYS AND THEIR VESSELS

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145
Q

DESCRIBE RENAL FASCIA

A

MEMBRANOUS LAYER AROUND KIDNEYS, ADRENALS, AND PERINEPHRIC FAT

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146
Q

DESCRIBE PARANEPHRIC FAT

A

EXTRA PERITONEAL FAT, EXTERNAL TO RENAL FASCIA THAT ATTACHES KIDNEYS TO POSTERIOR WALL

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147
Q

WHAT IS THE RENAL HILUM

A

VERTICAL CLEFT WHERE URETER, RENAL VESSELS, AND NERVES ENTER AND LEAVE THE RENAL SINUS

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148
Q

WHAT IS THE RENAL SINUS

A

HOLLOW CENTER THAT RECEIVES RENAL VESSELS, NERVES, AND URETERS

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149
Q

WHAT IS THE RENAL PELVIS

A

FLATTENED, FUNNEL-SHAPED EXPANSION OF THE SUPERIOR END OF THE URETER. RECIEVES THE MAJOR CALICES

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150
Q

WHAT ARE MAJOR AND MINOR CALICES

A

MINOR CALICES (USUALLY 3) –> FORM MAJOR CALICES –> URETERS

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151
Q

DESCRIBE RENAL PAPILLA

A

WHERE MEDULLARY PYRAMIDS EMPTY INTO THE MINOR CALICES

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152
Q

WHAT COMPOSES THE VASCULATURE OF THE KIDNEYS

A

RENAL ARTERIES AND VEINS

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153
Q

WHAT INNERVATES THE KIDNEYS

A

REANL PLEXUS

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154
Q

WHAT ARE URETERS

A

TUBING THAT TAKES URINE OUT OF THE KIDNEYS AND EMPTIES INTO THE BLADDER

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155
Q

WHAT IS THE COURSE OF THE URETERS?

A

RUNS INFERIORLY FROM THE APICES OF THE RENAL PELVIS, ANTERIOR TO THE TRANSVERSE PROCESSES OF THE LUMBAR VERTEBRAE, AND PASSING OVER THE COMMON ILIAC VESSELS AT THE PELVIC BRIM TO JOIN THE URINARY BLADDER

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156
Q

WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF THE URETERS?

A

CARRIES URINE FROM KIDNEYS TO URINARY BLADDER

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157
Q

WHAT ARE CONSTRICTIONS

A

POTENTIAL SITES OF OBSTRUCTION BY URETIC STONES

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158
Q

WHAT ARE THE MOST COMMON AREAS THAT URETIC STONES OCCUR?

A

1.) JUNCTION OF URETERS AND RENAL PELVES
2.) AT THE CROSSING OF THE PELVIC BRIM
3.) DURING PASSAGE THRU THE WALLS OF THE URINARY BLADDER

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159
Q

WHAT CONTRIBUTES TO THE VACULAR OF THE URETERS

A

BRANCHES OF AORTA, RENAL, GONADAL, AND COMMON ILIAC ARTERY AND VEIN

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160
Q

WHAT INNERVATES THE URETERS

A

RENAL, ABDOMINAL AORTIC, AND SUPERIOR HYPOGASTRIC PLEXUSES

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161
Q

WHAT RACE IS KIDNEY DISEASE MOST PROMINENT

A

BLACK PEOPLE

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162
Q

WHERE ARE THE SUPRARENAL GLANDS AKA ADRENAL GLANDS LOCATED

A

BETWEEN SUPERMEDIAL ASPECT OF THE KIDNEYS AND DIAPHRAGM. THEY ARE ENCLOSED BY RENAL FASCIA THAT ATTACHES THEM TO THE DIAPHRAGM, BUT ARE SEPARATED FROM THE KIDNEYS BY A SEPTUM

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163
Q

WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF THE SUPRARENAL CORTEX

A

SECRETES CORTICOSTEROIDS AND ANDROGENS

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164
Q

WHAT IS THE SUPRARENAL MEDULLA AND WHAT IS ITS FUNCTION?

A

MASS OF NERVOUS TISSUE PERMEATED WITH CAPILLARIES THAT SECRETE CATECHOLAMINES

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165
Q

WHAT ARE SUPERIOR SUPRARENAL ARTERIES BRANCHES OF?

A

BRANCHES OF INFERIOR PHRENIC ARTERIES

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166
Q

WHAT ARE MIDDLE SUPRARENAL ARTERIES BRANCHES OF?

A

BRANCHES OF ABDOMINAL AORTA

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167
Q

WHAT ARE INFERIOR SUPRARENAL ARTERIES BRANCHES OF?

A

BRANCHES OF RENAL ARTERIES

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168
Q

WHERE DOES THE RIGHTT SUPRARENAL VEIN DRAIN INTO?

A

DRAINS INTO THE IVC

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169
Q

WHERE DOES THE LEFT SUPRARENAL VEIN DRAIN INTO?

A

DRAINS INTO THE LEFT RENAL VEIN

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170
Q

WHAT INNERVATES THE SUPRARENAL GLANDS

A

CELIAC PLEXUS AND GREATER, LESSER, AND LEAST SPLANCHNIC NERVES

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171
Q

THE JEJUNUM IS A PART OF WHAT ORGAN?

A

SMALL INTESTINE

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172
Q

DESCRIBE THE JEJUNUM

A

2ND PART OF THE SMALL INTESTINE THAT BEGINS AT THE DUODENOJEJUNAL FLEXURE AND IT IS CONTINUOUS SUPERIORLY WITH THE DUODENUM AND INFERIORLY WITH THE ILEUM

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173
Q

HOW MUCH OF THE SMALL INTESTINE DOES THE JEJUNUM CONSTITUTE?

A

IT IS INTRAPERITONEAL AND CONSTITUTES ~2/5TH OF THE ENTIRE SMALL INTESTINE

174
Q

WHAT QUADRANT OF THE ABDOMINE IS THE LOCATED

A

MOSTLY IN THE LUQ

175
Q

WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF THE JEJUNUM

A

ABSORPTION OF NUTRIENTS

176
Q

DESCRIBE THE CIRCULAR FOLDS OF THE JEJUNUM

A

THEY INCREASE SURFACE CONTACT OF THE MUCOSAL LINING FOR ABSORPTION. THEY ARE MORE NUMEROUS AND DEVELOPED IN THE JEJUNUM THAN IN THE ILEUM

177
Q

DESCRIBE THE LYMPHOID NODES (PEYER’S PATCHES) OF THE JEJUNUM

A

LYMPHATIC AGGREGATES THAT ARE LESS ABUNDANT IN THE JEJUNUM THAN IN THE ILEUM

178
Q

THE ILEUM IS PART OF WHAT ORGAN?

A

SMALL INTESTINE

179
Q

DESCRIBE THE ILEUM

A

3RD PART OF THE SMALL INTESTINE THAT ENDS AT THE ILEOCECAL JUNCTION AND IS CONTINUOUS SUPERIORLY WITH THE JEJUNUM AND INFERIORLY WITH THE CECUM

180
Q

HOW MUCH OF THE SMALL INTESTINE DOES THE ILEUM CONSTITUTE?

A

IT IS INTRAPERITONEAL AND CONSTITUTES ~3/5TH OF THE ENTIRE SMALL INTESTINE

181
Q

WHAT QUADRANT OF THE ABDOMEN IS THE ILEUM LOCATED

A

LOCATED MOSTLY I THE RLQ, LYING IN THE PELVIS, AND ASCENDS TO JOIN THE CECUM

182
Q

WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF THE ILEUM

A

ABSORPTION OF NUTRIENTS

183
Q

DESCRIBE THE CIRCULAR FOLDS OF THE ILEUM

A

LESS NUMEROUS THAN IN THE JEJUNUM IN THE PROXIMAL PART AND ABSENT IN THE DISTAL PART

184
Q

DESCRIBE THE LYMPHOID NODES (PEYER’S PATCHES) OF THE ILEUM

A

MORE ABUNDANT IN THE ILEUM THAN IN THE JEJUNUM

185
Q

WHAT IS THE MESENTERY OF THE SMALL INTESTINE

A

IT IS A FOLD OF THE PERITONEUM THAT ATTACHES THE JEJUNUM AND ILEUM TO THE POSTERIOR ABDOMINAL WALL

186
Q

THIS STRUCTURE EXTENDS FROM THE DUODENOJEJUNAL JUNCTION TO THE ILEOCOLIC JUNCTION

187
Q

WHAT DOES THE MESENTERY OF THE SMALL INTESTINE CONTAIN

A

CONTAINS THE SUPERIOR MESENTERIC VESSELS, LYMPH NODES, FAT, AND AUTONOMIC NERVES

188
Q

WHAT ARTERIES PROVIDE VASCULATURE TO THE JEJUNUM AND ILEUM

A

JEJUNAL AND ILEAL ARTERIES
ARTERIAL ARCADES
VASA RECTA

189
Q

DESCRIBE THE JEJUNAL AND ILEAL ARTERIES

A

BRANCHES OF THE S.M.A. THAT RUN BETWEEN THE LAYERS OF THE MESENTERY AND SEND 15-18 BRANCHES TO JEJUNUM AND ILEUM

190
Q

DESCRIBE THE ARTERIAL ARCADES

A

LOOPS FORMED BY THE JEJUNAL ARTERIES

191
Q

DESCRIBE JEJUNAL ARCADES

A

FEWER & LARGER LOOPS THAN ILEAL ARCADES

192
Q

DESCRIBE ILEAL ARCADES

A

MONY SHORT LOOPS

193
Q

WHAT IS THE VASA RECTA

A

STRAIGHT ARTERIES ARISING FROM THE ARCADES

194
Q

DESCRIBE JEJUNAL VASA RECTA

A

LONGER THAN ILEAL VASA RECTA

195
Q

DESCRIBE ILEAL VASA RECTA

196
Q

DESCRIBE THE SUPERIOR MESENTERIC VEIN

A

DRAINS THE JEJUNUM AND ILEUM AND ENDS POSTERIOR TO THE NECK OF THE PANCREAS WHERE IT JOINS THE SPLENIC VEIN TO FORM THE HEPATIC PORTAL VEIN

197
Q

WHAT ARE LACTEALS

A

SPECIALIZED LYMPHATIC VESSELS LOCATED ON THE INTESTINAL VILLI THAT ABSORB FAT AND DRAIN INTO 3 GROUPS OF LYMPH NODES WITHIN THE MESENTERY

198
Q

DESCRIBE JUXTA-INTESTINAL LYMPH NODES

A

JEJUNUM AND ILEUM LYMPHATIC THAT IS CLOSE TO THE INTESTINAL WALL

199
Q

DESCRIBE MESENTERY LYMPH NODES

A

JEJUNUM AND ILEUM LYMPHATIC THAT IS AROUND THE ARTERIAL ARCADES

200
Q

DESCRIBE THE SUPERIOR CENTRAL NODES

A

JEJUNUM AND ILEUM LYMPHATIC THAT RUNS ALONG THE PROXIMAL PART OF THE S.M.A

201
Q

DESCRIBE SUPERIOR MESENTERIC LYMPH NODES

A

RECEIVES LYMPH FROM THE SUPERIOR CENTRAL NODES AND DRAIN IN THE CHYLE CISTERN AND FROM THERE TO THE THORACIC DUCT

202
Q

WHAT IS THE SUPERIOR MESENTERIC NERVE PLEXUS

A

PERIARTERIAL NERVE PLEXUS AROUND THE SUPERIOR MESENTERIC ARTERY THAT INNERVATES THE SAME STRUCTURES IRRIGATED BY THIS ARTERY

203
Q

WHAT IS THE SYMPATHETIC PART OF THE SUPERIOR MESENTERIC NERVE PLEXUS AND ITS FUNCTION

A

SYMPATHETIC TRUNKS AND ABDOMINOPELVIC SPLANCHNIC NERVES

IT REDUCES PERISTALSIS AND SECRETION AND INDUCES VASOCONSTRICTION. IT ALSO REDUCES OR STOPS DIGESTION AND MAKES BLOOD AVAILABLE FOR “FIGHT OR FLIGHT” RESPONSE

204
Q

WHAT IS THE SMALL INTESTINE INSENSITIVE TO?
WHAT IS THE SMALL INTESTINE SENSITIVE TO?

A

INSENSITIVE TO PAIN

SENSITIVE TO DISTENTION

205
Q

WHAT IS THE PARASYMPATHETIC PART OF THE SUPERIOR MESENTERIC NERVE PLEXUS AND ITS FUNCTION

A

THE POSTERIOR VAGAL TRUNK

IT INCREASES PERISTALSIS AND SECRETION

206
Q

WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF THE LARGE INTESTINE

A

H2O ABSORPTION AND FECES FORMATION

207
Q

FEATURES OF THE LARGE INTESTINE

A

GREATER DIAMETER
OMENTAL APPENDICES
TENIAE COLI
HAUSTRA

208
Q

WHAT ARE TENIAE COLI

A

3 SEPARATED LONGITUDINAL BANDS OF SMOOTH MUSCLE, SHORTER THAN THE LARGE INTESTINE AND RUNNING ALONG ITS LENGTH. THEY CONTRACT LENGTHWISE LEADING TO SACCULATION AND THE CONCOMITANT PRODUCTION OF THE HAUSTRA

209
Q

WHAT ARE HAUSTRA

A

SMALL POUCHES FORMED BY SACCULATION

210
Q

WHAT ARE OMENTAL APPENDICES

A

SMALL, FATTY, OMENTUM-LIKE PROJECTIONS

211
Q

WHAT DOES THE LOSS OF HAUSTRA INDICATE

A

CHRONIC ULCERATIVE COLITIS

212
Q

WHAT IS THE 1ST PART OF THE LARGE INTESTINE

213
Q

DESCRIBE THE CECUM

A

IT IS A BLIND SAC AT THE BEGINNING OF THE LARGE INTESTINE, BUT INFERIOR TO THE JUNCTION OF THE ILEUM AND CECUM

214
Q

WHERE IS THE CECUM LOCATED

A

IT LIES IN THE ILIAC FOSSA OF THE RLQ, WITHIN 2.5 cm OF THE INGUINAL LIGAMENT

215
Q

WHAT IS THE ILEAL ORIFICE

A

ENTRANCE OF THE TERMINAL ILEUM INTO THE CECUM

216
Q

WHAT IS THE ILEOCECAL VALVE

A

SMOOTH MUSCLE AROUND THE ILEAL ORIFICE THAT PREVENTS REFLUX FROM CECUM INTO ILEUM

217
Q

THIS STRUCTURE IS A BLIND INTESTINAL DIVERTICULUM THAT CONTAINS MASSES OF LYMPHOID TISSUE AND ARISES FROM THE POSTEROMEDIAL ASPECT OF THE CEUM

218
Q

WHAT IS THE ILEOCOLIC ARTERY

A

TERMINAL BRANCH OF THE SUPERIOR MESENTERY ARTERY SUPPLYING THE CEUM

219
Q

WHAT IS THE APPENDICULAR ARTERY

A

A BRANCH OF THE ILEOCOLIC ARTERY SUPPLYING THE APPENDIX

220
Q

WHAT IS THE ILEOCOLIC VEIN

A

A TRIBUTARY OF THE SUPERIOR MESENTERY VEIN

221
Q

DESCRIBE THE SUPERIOR MESENTERIC PLEXUS

A

PSP: VAGUS NERVE
SP: LOWER THRORACIC PART OF THE SPINAL CORD

222
Q

DESCRIBE THE AFFERENT VISCERA OF THE SUPERIOR MESENTERIC PLEXUS

A

RUNS WITH THE SYMPATHETIC FIBERS TO T10 SEGMENT OF THE SPINAL CORD, WHICH IS THE SEGMENT RECEIVING SENSORY NEURONS FROM THE SKIN AROUND THE UMBILICUS

223
Q

THIS STRUCTURE ENCIRCLES THE SMALL INTESTINE

224
Q

DESCRIBE THE ASCENDING COLON

A

RIGHT OF THE SMALL INTESTINE, MIDGUT

225
Q

DESCRIBE THE TRANSVERSE COLON

A

SUPERIOR AND ANTERIOR TO SMALL INTESTINE. MIDGUT

226
Q

DESCRIBE THE DESCENDING COLON

A

LEFT OF THE SMALL INTESTINE, HINDGUT

227
Q

DESCRIBE THE SIGMOID COLON

A

INFERIOR TO THE SMALL INTESTINE. HINDGUT

228
Q

DESCRIBE THE ASCENDING COLON

A

2ND PART OF THE LARGE INTESTINE THAT ASCENDS FROM THE CECUM TO THE RIGHT LOBE OF THE LIVER ON THE RIGHT SIDE OF THE ABDOMINAL CAVITY, WHERE IT TURNS LEFT

229
Q

WHAT IS A RIGHT COLIC FLEXURE

A

POINT OF TURN OF THE ASCENDING COLON TO THE LEFT. IT IS LOCATED DEEP TO THE 9TH - 10TH RIBS AND IS OVERLAPPED BY THE INFERIOR PART OF THE LIVER

230
Q

WHAT ARE THE ARTERIES OF THE ASCENDING COLON

A

ILEOCOLIC ARTERY: BRANCH OF SMA
RIGHT COLIC ARTERY: BRANCH OF SMA
MARGINAL ARTERY: FORMED BY ANASTOMOTIC ARCADES OF SMA AND IMA

231
Q

WHAT ARE THE VEINS OF THE ASCENDING COLON

A

ILEOCOLIC AND RIGHT COLIC VEINS: TRIBUTARIES OF THE SMV

232
Q

WHAT INNERVATES THE ASCENDING COLON

A

SUPERIOR MESENTERIC NERVE PLEXUS

233
Q

WHAT IS THE TRANSVERSE COLON

A

3RD, LONGEST, AND MOST MMOBILE PART OF THE LARGE INTESTINE THAT CROSSES THE ABDOMEN FROM THE RIGHT COLIC FLEXURE TO THE LEFT COLIC FLEXURE, WHERE IT TURNS INFERIORLY TO BECOME THE DESCENDING COLON

234
Q

WHERE IS THE TRANSVERSE COLON CONTAINED

A

IT IS CONTAINED IN THE TRANSVERSE MESOCOLON

235
Q

WHAT IS THE LEFT COLIC FLEXURE? WHERE IS IT LOCATED?

A

POINT OF TURN OF THE TRANSVERSE COLON INFERIORLY. IT IS LOCATED ANTERIOR TO THE INFERIOR PART OF THE KIDNEY

236
Q

WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF THE PHRENICOCOLIC LIGAMENT

A

IT ATTACHES THE LEFT COLIC FLEXURE TO THE DIAPHRAGM

237
Q

WHAT ARE THE ARTERIES OF THE TRANSVERSE COLON

A

MIDDLE COLIC ARTERY: BRANCH OF THE SMA
RIGHT AND LEFT COLIC ARTERIES: BRANCHES OF THE SMA AND IMA, RESPECTIVELY CONTRIBUTE TO THE MARGINAL ARTERY AND COULD CONTRIBUTE TO IRRIGATE THE TRANSVERSE COLON

238
Q

WHAT ARE THE VEINS OF THE TRANSVERSE COLON

A

TRIBUTARIES OF THE SMV

239
Q

WHAT INNERVATES THE TRANSVERSE COLON

A

THE SUPERIOR MESENTERIC NERVE PLEXUS

240
Q

WHERE IS THE COLON FOUND

A

IT ENCIRCLES THE SMALL INTESTINE

241
Q

WHAT ARE THE PARTS OF THE COLON

A

ASCENDING
TRANSVERSE
DESCENDING
SIGMOID

242
Q

WHAT IS THE DESCENDING COLON

A

4TH PART OF THE COLON THAT DESCENDS FROM THE LEFT COLIC FLEXURE TO THE LEFT ILIAC FOSSA. IT IS COVERED ANTERIORLY AND LATERALLY BY PERITONEUM

243
Q

WHAT ARE THE ARTERIES OF THE DESCENDING COLON

A

LEFT COLIC ARTERY: BRANCH OF THE IMA

244
Q

WHAT ARE THE VEINS OF THE DESCENDING COLON

A

TRIBUTARIES OF THE IMV

245
Q

WHAT INNERVATES THE DESCENDING COLON

A

SUPERIOR AND INFERIOR MESENTERIC NERVE PLEXUS

246
Q

WHAT IS THE SIGMOID COLON

A

TERMINAL S-SHAPED PART OF THE COLON THAT JOINS THE DESCENDING COLON TO THE RECTUM. IT EXTENDS FROM THE ILIAC FOSSA TO S3 VERTEBRA

247
Q

DESCRIBE THE RECTOSIGMOID JUNCTION

A

IT IS DEMARCATED BY THE TERMINATION OF TENIAE COLI ~ 15 cm FROM THE ANUS

248
Q

WHAT IS THE SIGMOID MESOCOLON

A

IT IS A MESENTERY ASSOCIATED WITH THE SIGMOID COLON

249
Q

WHAT ARE THE ARTERIES OF THE SIGMOID COLON

A

SIGMOID ARTERIES: BRANCHES OF IMA

250
Q

WHAT ARE THE VEINS OF THE SIGMOID COLON

A

TRIBUTARIES OF THE IMV

251
Q

WHAT INNERVATES THE SIGMOID COLON

A

SP: LUMBAR PART OF THE SYMPATHETIC TRUNK –> VIA LUMBAR SPLANCHNIC NERVES, SUPERIOR MESENTERY PLEXUS, AND INFERIOR MESENTERIC PLEXUS

PSP: PELVIC SPLANCHNIC NERVES –> VIA INFERIOR HYPOGASTRIC PLEXUS, AND RUNS INDEPENDENT TO THE IMA

252
Q

THESE STRUCTURES MAKE UP THE TERMINAL PORTION OF THE LARGE INTESTINE THAT IS CONTINUOUS WITH THE SIGMOID COLON AT THE LEVEL OF S3 VERTEBRA PROXIMALLY AND THE ANAL CANAL DISTALLY

A

RECTUM AND ANUS

253
Q

THE TERMINAL PORTION OF THE LARGE INTESTINE THAT IS CONTIUOS WITH THE SIGMOID COLON AT THE LEVEL OF S3 VERTEBRA PROXIMALLY AND THE ANAL CANL DISTALLY

A

RECTUM AND ANUS

254
Q

THE RECTUM AND ANUS ARE WHAT KIND OF STRUCTURES

A

RETROPERITONEAL STRUCTURES

255
Q

PELVIS 1 SLIDES START HERE
PART OF THE TRUNK INFEROPOSTERIOR TO THE ABDOMEN

256
Q

AREA OF TRANSITION BETWEEN TRUNK AND LOWER LIMBS, SURROUNDED BY THE PELVIC GIRDLE

257
Q

PART OF THE APPENDICULAR SKELETON OF THE LOWER LIMBS

A

PELVIC GIRDLE

258
Q

INFERIORMOST PART OF THE ABDOMINNOPELVIC CAVITY

A

PELVIC CAVITY

259
Q

DIVISIONS OF THE PELVIS RESULTING FROM THE OBLIQUE PLANE OF THE PELVIC INLET

A

GREATER PELVIS
LESSER PELVIS

260
Q

DESCRIBE GREATER PELVIS

A

SURROUNDED BY THE SUPERIOR PELVIC GIRDLE AND IS OCCUPIED BY INFERIOR ABDOMINAL VISCERA

261
Q

DESCRIBE LESSER PELVIS

A

SURROUNDED BY THE INFERIOR PELVIC GIRDLE AND IS OCCUPIED BY THE PELVIC CAVITY AND PERINEUM

262
Q

RINGS OF BONES THAT CONNECTS THE VERTEBRAL COLUMN TO THE 2 FEMURS

A

PELVIC GIRDLE

263
Q

WHAT ARE THE FUNCTIONS OF THE PELVIC GIRDLE

A
  1. BEAR THE WEIGHT OF THE UPPER BODY WHILE SITTING AND STANDING
  2. TRANSFER WEIGHT FROM AXIAL SKELETON TO THES ATTACHMENT FOR THE MUSCLES OF THE EXTER LL FOR STANDING AND WALKING
  3. PROVIDE ATTACHMENT FOR THE MUSCLES OF LOCOMOTION AND POSTURE, AND THOSE OF THE ABDOMINAL WALL
  4. CONTAIN AND PROTECTS INFERIOR ABDOMINAL AND PELVIC VISCERA
  5. PROVIDES ATTACHMENT FOR THE MUSCLES OF THE EXTERNAL GENITALIA
  6. PROVIDE
264
Q

FORMED BY THE FUSION OF 3 HIP BONES AND THE SACRUM

A

PELVIC GIRDLE

265
Q

SEPARATES THE 3 HIP BONES DURING CHILDHOOD AT THE ACETABULUM

A

TRIRADIATE CARTILAGE

266
Q

PLACE WHERE THE 2 HIP BONES ARE JOINED ANTERIORLY

A

PUBIC SYMPHYSIS

267
Q

SUPERIOR FAN-SHAPED PART OF THE HIP BONE

268
Q

SPREAD OF THE FAN-SHAPED PART OF HIP BONE

A

ALA OF ILIUM

269
Q

HANDLE OF THE FAN SHAPED PART OF HIP BONE THAT FORMS THE ACETABULUM EXTERNALLY

A

BODY OF ILIUM

270
Q

RIM OF THE FAN-SHAPED PART OF THE HIP BONE

A

ILIAC CREST

271
Q

THIS STRUCTURE IS FORMED BY THE ANTEROMEDIAL CONCAVE SURFACE OF THE ALA

A

ILIAC FOSSA

272
Q

WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF THE ANTERIOR AND POSTERIOR SUPERIOR ILIAC SPINES

A

MUSCLE ATTACHMENT

273
Q

WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF THE ANTERIOR AND POSTERIOR INFERIOR ILIAC SPINES

A

MUSCLE ATTACHMENT

274
Q

FORMS SYNOVIAL ARTICULATION WITH SACRUM

A

AURICULAR SURFACE

275
Q

FORMS SYNDESMOTIC ARTICULATION WITH SACRUM

A

ILIAC TUBEROSITY

276
Q

WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF THE BODY OF THE ISCHIUM

A

HELPS FORM THE ACETABULUM

277
Q

THIS STRUCTURE FORMS PART OF THE OBTURATOR FORAMEN

A

RAMUS OF THE ISCHIUM

278
Q

WHAT IS AN ISCHIAL TUBEROSITY

A

LARGE POSTEROINFERIOR PROTUBERANCE

279
Q

WHAT IS AN ISCHIAL SPINE

A

SMALL POSTEROMEDIAL PROJECTION, NEAR THE JUNCTION OF BODY AND RAMUS

280
Q

WHAT IS THE FUNTCION OF THE SUPERIOR RAMUS OF THE PUBIS BONE

A

HELPS FORM THE ACETABULUM

281
Q

WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF THE INFERIOR RAMUS OF THE PUBIS BONE

A

HELPS FORM THE OBTURATOR FORAMEN

282
Q

WHAT IS THE PUBIC CREST

A

ANTERIOR THICKENING OF THE BODY OF PUBIS

283
Q

WHAT IS THE PUBIC TUBERCLE

A

PROMINENCE ON THE BODY OF THE PUBIS, LATERAL TO THE PUBIC CREST

284
Q

WHAT IS AN ACETABULUM

A

CUP-SHAPED SOCKET THAT FITS THE HEAD OF FEMUR

285
Q

WHAT IS THE OBTURATOR FORAMEN

A

PASSAGE FOR THE OBTURATOR NERVE, ARTERY, AND VEIN. IT IS COVERED PARTIALLY BY THE OBTURATOR MEMBRANE

286
Q

WHERE IS THE GREATER SCIATIC NOTCH LOCATED

A

BETWEEN THE POSTERIOR INFERIOR ILAC SPINE AND ISCHAL SPINE

287
Q

WHAT IS NEEDED TO CREATE THE GREATER SCIATIC FORAMEN & THE LESSER SCIATIC FORAMEN

A

SACROSPINOUS LIGAMENT
GREATER SCIATIC NOTCH + SACROSPINOUS LIGAMENT + SACROTUBEROUS LIGAMENT = GREATER SCIATIC FORAMEN

288
Q

WHERE IS THE LESSER SCIATIC NOTCH LOCATED

A

BETWEEN ISCHIAL SPINE AND ISCHIAL TUBEROSITY

289
Q

WHAT STRUCTURES ARE THE PELVIC INLET BOUNDED BY

A

ALA OF SACRUM
ARCUATE LINE
PECTEN PUBIS

290
Q

WHAT STRUCTURES ARE THE PELVIC OUTLET BOUNDED BY

A

PUBIC ARCH
ISCHIAL TUBEROSITIES
SACROTUBEROUS LIGAMENTS
TIP OF COCCYX

291
Q

WAT IS A PELVIC BRIM

A

BONY EDGE DEFINING THE PELVIC INLET

292
Q

WHAT IS AN ARCUATE LINE

A

MARKING ON INNER SURFACE OF ILIUM

293
Q

WHAT IS A PECTEN PUBIS

A

OBLIQUE RIDGE ON THE LATERAL ASPECT OF THE SUPERIOR PUBIC RAMUS

294
Q

THIS STRUCTURE IS FORMED BY THE ISCHIOPUBIC RAMI AND COMPRISES THE ANTERIOR BOUNDARY OF THE PELVIC OUTLET

A

PUBIC ARCH

295
Q

WHAT MAKES UP THE LATERAL BOUNDARY OF THE PELVIC OUTLET

A

ISCHIAL TUBEROSITITES

296
Q

WHAT MAKES UP THE POSTEROLATERAL BOUNDARY OF THE PELVIC OUTLET AND IS LOCATED BETWEEN THE COCCYX AND ISCHIAL TUBEROSITY

A

SACROTUBEROUS LIGAMENTS

297
Q

WHAT MAKES UP THE POSTERIOR BOUNDARY OF THE PELVIC OUTLET

A

TIP OF THE COCCYX

298
Q

WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF SACROILIAC JOINTS

A

LINK THE AXIAL SKELETON AND INFERIOR APPENDICULAR SKELETON

299
Q

IN THE PELVIC GIRDLE, WHERE IS THE SYNOVIAL JOINT FOUND

A

ANTERIOR BETWEEN AURICULAR SURFACES OF THE ILIUM AND SACRUM

300
Q

IN THE PELVIC GIRDLE, WHERE IS THE SYNDESMOSIS FOUND

A

POSTERIOR BETWEEN THE TUBEROSITIES OF THE ILIUM AND SACRUM

301
Q

DESCRIBE THE ANTERIOR, INTEROSSSEOUS, AND POSTERIOR SACROILIAC LIGAMENTS

A

MEDIATES THE TRANSFER OF BODY WEIGHT FROM THE AXIAL TO THE LL SKELETON

302
Q

DESCRIBE THE ILIOLUMBAR LIGAMENT LOCATION

A

ITS FOUND BETWEEN THE ILIUM, SACRUM, AND L5 VERTEBRA

303
Q

DESCRIBE SACROTUBEROUS LIGAMENT LOCATION

A

FROM THE POSTERIOR ILIUM AND LATERAL SACRUM AND COCCYX TO ISCHIAL TUBEROSITY

304
Q

DESCRIBE SACROSPINOUS LIGAMENT LOCATION

A

FROM LATERAL SACRUM AND COCCYX TO ISCHIAL SPINE

305
Q

THIS IS A CARTILAGINOUS JOINT FORMED BY THE INTERPUBIC DISC AND LIGAMENTS

A

PUBIC SYMPHYSIS

306
Q

WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF THE SUPERIOR AND INFERIOR PUBIC LIGAMENTS

A

CONNECT THE PUBIC BODIES AND INTERPUBIC DISC SUPERIORLY AND INFERIORLY

307
Q

WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF THE RECTUS ABDOMINIS AND EXTERNAL OBLIQUE TENDONS

A

THEY REINFORCE THE PUBIC SYMPHYSIS JOINT ANTERIORLY

308
Q

WHAT ALL STRUCTURES DOES THE PELIVS CONTAIN

A

TERMINAL URETERS
URINARY BLADDER
RECTUM
PELVIC GENITAL ORGANS
LOOPS OF SMALL AND LARGE INTESTINES

309
Q

WHAT CAN BE FOUND ON THE ANTEROINFERIOR WALL OF THE PELVIS

A

BODY AND RAMI OF PUBIC BONES & PUBIC SYMPHYSIS

310
Q

WHAT CAN BE FOUND ON THE LATERAL WALL OF THE PELVIS

A

OBTURATOR INTERNUS MUSCLE AND OBTURATOR MEMBRANE

311
Q

WHAT COVERS AND PADS MOST OF THE LATERAL PELVIC WALL

A

OBTURATOR INTERNUS MUSCLE AND OBTURATOR MEMBRANE

312
Q

WHAT INNERVATES THE OBTURATOR INTERUS AND OBTURATOR MEMBRANE? WHAT ARE THEIR FUNCTONS

A

INNERVATED BY NERVE TO OBTURATOR INTERNUS

FUNCTION IS TO ROTATE THE THIGH LATERALLY TO SIT (CRISS-CROSS APPLESAUCE)

313
Q

WHAT CAN BE FOUND ALONG THE POSTERIOR WALL OF THE PELVIS

A

PIRIFORMIS MUSCLE, THAT OCCUPIES MOST OF THE GREATER SCIATIC FORAMEN

314
Q

WHAT INNERVATES THE PIRIFORMIS MUSCLE? WHAT IS ITS FUNCTION?

A

INNERVATED BY ANTERIOR RAMI OF S1-S2

FUNCTION IS TO ROTATE THIGH LATERALLY, ABDUCTS THIGH

315
Q

WHAT FORMS THE FLOOR OF THE PELVIS

A

THE PELVIC DIAPHRAGM

316
Q

WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF THE PELVIC DIAPHRAGM

A

DIVIDES THE PELVIS AND PERINEUM AND STRECTHES BETWEEN THE ANTERIOR, LATERAL, AND POSTERIOR WALL

317
Q

WHAT STRUCTURES CAN BE FOUND IN THE FLOOR OF THE PELVIS

A

COCCYGEUS MUSCLE
LEVATOR ANI MUSCLE

318
Q

WHAT INNERVATES THE COCCYGEUS MUSCLE? WHAT IS ITS FUNCTION?

A

INNERVATED BY BRANCHES OF S4 AND S5 SPINAL NERVES

FUNCTION IS THAT IT FORMS THE PELVIC DIAPHRAGM BY SUPPORTING THE VISCERA THERE

319
Q

WHAT INNERVATES THE LAVATOR ANI MUSCLE? WHAT IS ITS FUNCTION?

A

INNERVATED BY THE S4 SPINAL NERVE, INFERIOR ANAL NERVE, AND THE COCCYGEAL PLEXUS

FUNCTION IS THAT IT FORMS THE PELVIC DIAPHRAGM BY SUPPORTING VISCERA THERE

320
Q

WHAT ARE THE PARTS OF THE LEVATOR ANI MUSCLE

A

PUBORECTALIS: MEDILA
PUBOCOCCYGEUS: INTERMEDIATE
ILIOCOCCYGEUS: POSTEROLATERAL

321
Q

WHAT ARE THE PERFORATIONS OF THE PELVIS

A

ANORECTAL HIATUS
UROGENITAL HIATUS

322
Q

WHAT IS THE COURSE OF THE PERITONEUM IN THE PELVIC CAVITY

A

PARIETAL PERITONEUM CONTINUES INFERIORLY INTO THE PELVIC CAVITY, BUT DOES NOT REACH THE PELVIC FLOOR BECAUSE IT REFLECTS ONTO THE PELVIC VISCERA

323
Q

WHAT STRUCTURES ARE ENSHEATHED BY THE PERITONEUM

A

OVARIES AND UTERINE TUBES ARE THE ONLY STRUCTURES ENSHEATHED BY THE PERITONEUM AND LYING INFERIOR TO IT

324
Q

WHAT IS A SUPRAVESICAL FOSSA

A

REFLECTION OF PERITONEUM FROM A.A.W ONTO THE SUPERIOR SURFACE OF THE BLADDER

325
Q

WHAT STRUCTURES ARE MALE PERITONEAL REFLECTIONS

A

RECTOVESICAL POUCH
PARARECTAL FOSSAE
URETERIC FOLD

326
Q

WHAT IS A RECTOVESICAL POUCH (IN MALES)

A

REFLECTION OF PERITONEUM BETWEEN THE POSTERIOR SURFACE OF THE BLADDER AND THE ANTERIOR SURFACE OF THE RECTUM

327
Q

WHAT ARE PARARECTAL FOSSAE (IN MALES)_

A

DEPRESSIONS ON EACH SIDE OF THE RECTUM

328
Q

WHAT IS A URETERIC FOLD (IN MALES)

A

PERITONEAL RIDGE FORMED BY THE URETERS

329
Q

WHAT STRUCTURES ARE FEMALE PERITONEAL REFLECTIONS

A

VESICOUTERINE POUCH
RECTOUTERINE POUCH
PARARECTAL FOSSAE
RETOUTERINE FOLDS
BROAD LIGAMENT OF UTERUS
URETERIC FOLD

330
Q

WHAT IS A VESICOUTERINE POUCH (FEMALE)

A

REFLECTION OF PERITONEUM BETWEEN THE BLADDER AND THE UTERUS

331
Q

WHAT IS A RECTOUTERINE POUCH (FEMALES)

A

REFLECTION OF PERITONEUM BETWEEN THE UTERUS AND THE RECTUM

332
Q

WHAT IS A PARARECTAL FOSSAE (FEMALE)

A

LATERAL EXTENSIONS OF THE RECTOUTERINE POUCH ON EACH SIDE OF THE RECTUM

333
Q

WHAT ARE RECTOUTERINE FOLDS (FEMALE)

A

PERITONEAL RIDGES FORMED BY UNDERLYING FASCIAL LIGAMENTS THAT DEMARCATE THE LATERAL BOUNDARIES OF THE PARARECTAL FOSSAE

334
Q

WHAT ARE BROAD LIGAMENTS OF THE UTERUS (FEMALE)

A

DOUBLE PERITONEAL FOLD EXTENDING BETWEEN THE UTERUS AND THE LATERAL PELVIC WALL ON EACH SIDE.

335
Q

WHAT DOES THE BROAD LIGAMENT OF THE UTERUS CONTAIN

A

CONTAINS THE UTERINE TUBES, OVARIES, LIGAMENTS OF THE OVARIES, AND ROUND LIGAMENTS OF THE UTERUS

336
Q

WHAT ARE UERETERIC FOLDS (FEMALE)

A

PERITONEAL RIDGE FORMED BY THE URETERS

337
Q

WHERE DOES THE PELVIS VASCULATURE LIE

A

LIE EXTRAPERITONEAL AGAINST THE POSTEROLATERAL WALLS. SOMATIC NERVES ARE LATERAL TO THE VESSELS, WITH VEINS LATERAL TO ARTERIES

338
Q

WHAT ARE THE ARTERIES OF THE PELVIS

A

COMMON ILIAC ARTERY
EXTERNAL ILIAC ARTERY

339
Q

WHERE DOES THE COMMON ILIAC ARTERY DIVIDE

A

DIVIDES AT L5-S1 LEVEL

340
Q

WHAT IS THE EXTERNAL ILIAC ARTERY DIVIDED INTO

A

FEMORAL ARTERY: FORMS DEEP TO INGUINAL LIGAMENT. LOWER LIMBS
&
INFERIOR EPIGASTRIC ARTERY: ASCENDS ALONG A.A.W

341
Q

DESCRIBE THE INTERNAL ILIAC ARTERY

A

MAIN ARTERY OF PELVIS

MEDIAL TO EXTERNAL ILAIC VEIN AND OBTURATOR NERVE

DIVIDES AT GREATER SCIATIC NOTCH

342
Q

WHERE IS THE UMBILICAL ARTERY

A

RUNS FROM FETUS TO PLACENTA

343
Q

WHAT DOES THE SUPERIOR VESICAL ARTERY SUPPLY

A

BLADDER AND DUCTUS DEFERENS

344
Q

WHERE IS THE OBTURATOR ARTERY FOUND

A

RUNS ON THE LATERAL WALL OF THE PELVIS, BETWEEN THE OBTURATOR NERVE AND VEIN

345
Q

WHAT DOES THE INFERIOR VESICAL ARTERY SUPPLY (MALES)

A

BLADDER, URETER, SEMINAL VESICLE, AND PROSTATE

346
Q

WHAT DOES THE VAGINAL ARTERY SUPPLY

A

VAGINA AND CERVIX

347
Q

WHAT DOES THE UTERINE ARTERY SUPPLY

A

OVARIES, UTERUS, SUPERIOR VAGINA

348
Q

WHAT DOES THE MIDDLE RECTAL ARTERY SUPPLY

A

INFERIOR PART OF THE RECTUM, SEMINAL GLANDS, PROSTATE IN MALES OR VAGINA IN FEMALES

349
Q

WHAT IS THE MAIN ARTERY OF THE PERINEUM

A

INTERNAL PUDENDAL ARTERY

350
Q

WHAT DOES THE INTERNAL PUDENDAL ARTERY SUPPLY

A

MUSCLES AND SKIN OF THE ANAL AND UROGENITAL TRIANGLES

351
Q

WHAT IS THE COURSE OF THE INTERNAL PUDENDAL ARTERY

A

IT PASSES THRU THE GSF AND LSF TO THE UROGENITAL TRIANGLE

352
Q

WHAT IS THE TERMINAL BRANCH OF THE INTERNAL ILIAC ARTERY IN THE PELVIS

A

INFERIOR GLUTEAL ARTERY

353
Q

WHAT IS THE COURSE OF THE INFERIOR GLUTEAL ARTERY? WHAT DOES IT SUPPLY?

A

IT EXITS THE PELVIS THRU THE GSF BETWEEN ANTERIOR RAMI OF S1 AND S2

IT SUPPLIES THE MUSCLES AND SKIN OF THE BUTTOCKS

354
Q

WHAT DOES THE ILIOLUMBAR ARTERY SUPPLY

A

POSTERIOR ABDOMINAL AND PELVIC WALLS

355
Q

WHAT DOES THE LATERAL SACRAL ARTERY SUPPLY

A

POSTERIOR SACRUM AND OVERLYING MUSCLES

356
Q

WHAT DOES THE SUPERIOR GLUTEAL ARTERY SUPPLY

A

MUSCLES OF THE BUTTOCKS

357
Q

WHAT ARE THE VEINS SURROUNDING THE PELVIC VISCERA CALLED

A

PELVIC VENOUS PLEXUS

358
Q

WHERE DOES THE PELVIC VENOUS PLEXUS DRAIN INTO

A

DRAINS INTO THE INTERNAL ILIAC VEIN

359
Q

WHERE IS THE PELVIC VENOUS PLEXUSE LOCATED

A

IT IS POSTEROINFERIOR TO THE INTERNAL ILIAC ARTERY AND IT FORMS SUPERIOR TO THE GREATER SCIATIC FORAMEN

360
Q

WHAT NERVES MAINLY INNERVATES THE PELVIS

A

THE PELVIS IS INNERVATED MAINLY BY SACRAL AND COCCYGEAL SPINAL NERVES AND PELVIS PART OF AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM

361
Q

WHAT STRUCTURES FORM A BED FOR THE SACRAL AND COCCYGEAL PLEXUSES

A

COCCYGEUS AND PIRIFORMIS MUSCLES

362
Q

WHAT DOES THE OBTURATOR NERVE INNERVATE

A

MEDIAL THIGH MUSCLES

363
Q

WHAT IS THE COURSE OF THE LUMBOSACRAL TRUNK

A

DESCENDS ANTERIORLY ON ANTERIOR SURFACE OF ALA OF SACRUM TO JOIN THE SACRAL PLEXUS

364
Q

WHERE IS THE SACRAL PLEXUS LOCATED

A

ON POSTEROLATERAL WALL OF LESSER PELVIS, WITH MOST BRANCHES EXITING VIA G.S.F

365
Q

WHAT IS THE LARGEST NERVE IN THE BODY

A

SCIATIC NERVE

366
Q

WHAT IS THE COURSE OF THE SCIATIC NERVE & WHAT DOES IT INNERVATE

A

PASSES THRU THE G.S.F

POSTERIOR THIGH AND ENTIRE LEG AND FOOT

367
Q

WHAT IS THE COURSE OF THE PUDENDAL NERVE & WHAT DOES IT INNERVATE

A

LEAVES THE PELVIS (GSF) AND ENTERS THE PERINEUM (LSF)

MAIN NERVE OF PERINEUM AND CHIEF SENSORY NERVE OF EXTERNAL GENITALIA

368
Q

WHAT IS THE COURSE OF THE SUPERIOR GLUTEAL NERVE & WHAT DOES IT INNERVATE

A

LEAVES THE PELVIS (GSF);

GLUTEUS MEDIUS AND MINIMUS MUSCLES

369
Q

WHAT IS THE COURSE OF THE INFERIOR GLUTEAL NERVE & WHAT DOES IT INNERVATE

A

LEAVES THE PELVIS (GSF)

GLUTEUS MAXIMUS MUSCLE

370
Q

WHERE IS THE COCCYGEAL PLEXUS LOCATED AND WHAT DOES IT INNERVATE

A

IT LIES ON THE COCCYGEAL MUSCLE

INNERVATES COCCYGEUS AND PART OF LEVATOR ANI MUSCLES, AND SACROCOCCYGEAL JOINT

371
Q

WHERE ARE THE ANOCOCCYGEAL NERVES LOCATED AND WHAT DO THEY INNERVATE

A

THEY PIERCE THE COCCYGEUS MUSCLE

THEY INNERVATE A SMALL AREA OF SKIN BETWEEN TIP OF COCCYX AND ANUS

372
Q

WHAT ARE THE AUTONOMIC NERVES OF THE PELVIS

A

SUPERIOR HYPOGASTRIC PLEXUS
INFERIOR HYPOGASTRIC PLEXUS
SACRAL SYMPATHETIC TRUNK
PELVIC SPLANCHNIC NERVE

373
Q

WHAT IS THE LOCATION AND COURSE OF THE SUPERIOR HYPOGASTRIC PLEXUS

A

IT IS LOCATED BELOW THE AORTIC BIFURCATION AND IT RECEIVES LOWER 2 LUMBAR SPLANCHNIC (L3 & L4)

IT DIVIDES INTO RIGHT AND LEFT HYPOGASTRIC NERVES WHEN IT ENTERS THE PELVIS

374
Q

WHAT IS THE LOCATION AND COURSE OF THE INFERIOR HYPOGASTRIC PLEXUS

A

IT IS LATERAL TO THE RECTUM, VAGINA, BASE OF BLADDER FORMED BY THE HYPOGASTRIC, PELVIC SPLANCHNIC NERVES, AND FIBERS FROM THE SACRAL SYMPATHETIC TRUNK

375
Q

WHAT IS THE SACRAL SYMPATHETIC TRUNK

A

SYMPATHETIC FIBERS THAT END IN THE GANGLION IMPAR IN FRONT OF THE COCCYX

376
Q

WHAT ARE PELVIC SPLANCHNIC NERVES

A

PARASYMPATHETIC FIBERS, ONLY PARASYMPATHETIC SPLANCHNIC NERVES

377
Q

WHAT IS CONSIDERED PELVIS VISCERA

A

DISTAL PARTS OF THE URINARY SYSTEM AND GI TRACT
REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

378
Q

WHAT STRUCTURES OF THE PELVIC VISCERA ARE A PART OF THE URINARY SYSTEM

A

PELVIC PORTION OF URETERS
URINARY BLADDER
URETHRA

379
Q

WHAT IS THE COURSE OF THE PELVIC PORTION OF THE URETERS AND ITS FUNCTION

A

ENTER THE LESSER PELVIS WHEN CROSSING OVER THE PELVIC BRIM –> RUN ON THE LATERALWALLS, BETWEEN THE PARIETAL PELVIC PERITONEUM AND INTERNAL ILIAC ARTERIES –> CURVES ANTEROMEDIALLY SUPERIOR TO THE LEVATOR ANI MUSCLE TO OBLIQUELY GO THRU THE MUSCULAR WALL OF THE URINARY BLADDER

TRANSPORT URINE INFERIORLY AIDED BY PERISTALTIC CONTRACTIONS

380
Q

WHAT IS THE URINARY BLADDER? WHAT IS ITS FUNCTION? WHERE IS IT LOCATED?

A

HOLLOW VISCERA WITH STRONG MUSCULAR WALLS

ITS FUNTION IS TO BE A TEMPORARY RESERVOIR OF URINE

IT IS LOCATED ANTERIORL TO THE PUBIC BONES AND SYMPHYSIS, POSTERIOR TO THE PROSTATE IN MALES AND VAGINA IN FEMALES, AND SUPERIORLY TO THE PERITONEUM

381
Q

WHAT ARE THE COMPONENTS OF THE URINARY BLADDER

A

APEX
FUNDUS
TRIGONE
BODY
DETRUSOR MUSCLE
INTERNAL URETHRAL SPHINCTER
NECK

382
Q

DESCRIBE THE APEX OF THE URINARY BLADDER

A

IT CONTINUES AS THE MEDIAN UMBILICAL LIGAMENT

383
Q

DESCRIBE THE FUNDUS OF THE URINARY BLADDER

A

INFERIORLY AND POSTERIORLY OPPOSITE OF THE APEX

384
Q

WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF THE TRIGONE

A

RECIEVES THE URETERS AT THE URETERIC ORIFICES

385
Q

WHAT IS THE LOCATION OF THE BODY OF THE URINARY BLADDER

A

IT IS LOCATED BETWEEN THE APEX AND FUNDUS

386
Q

WHAT IS THE DETRUSOR MUSCLE

A

IT IS A SMOOTH MUSCLE THAT FORMS THE WALL OF THE URINARY BLADDER

387
Q

WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF THE INTERNAL URETHRAL SPHINCTER

A

IT PREVENTS RETROGRADE EJACULATION AND IS FORMED BY THE DETRUSOR MUSCLE

388
Q

WHERE IS THE NECK OF THE URINARY BLADDER LOCATED

A

IT SURROUNDS THE ORIGIN OF THE URETHRA

389
Q

WHERE ARE THE LATERAL LIGAMENTS OF THE BLADDER LOCATED

A

IN MALE AND FEMALES, IT IS BETWEEN THE NECK OF THE BLADDER AND LATERAL PELVIC WALLS

390
Q

WHERE IS THE PUBOVESICAL LIGAMENT LOCATED

A

IN FEMALES, IT IS LOCATED BETWEEN THE NECK OF THE BLADDER AND THE PUBIC BONES

391
Q

WHERE IS THE PUBOPROSTATIC LIGAMENT LOCATED

A

IN MALES, BETWEEN THE PROSTATE AND THE PUBIC BONES

392
Q

WHAT IS THE LOCATION AND FUNCTION OF THE MALE URETHRA

A

IT IS LOCATED FROM THE INTERNAL URETHRAL ORIFICE TO THE EXTERNAL URETHRAL ORIFICE, IT IS ABOUT 18 - 22 cm LONG

ITS FUNCTION IS TO CONVEY URINE AND BE AN EXIT FOR SEMEN

393
Q

WHAT ARE THE PARTS OF THE MALE URETHRA

A

INTRAMURAL
PROSTATIC
URETHRAL CREST
PROSTATIC SINUSES
PROSTATIC DUCTS
SEMINAL COLLICULUS
PROSTATIC UTRICLE
OPENINGS OF THE EJACULATORY DUCTS
MEMBRANOUS TISSUE
SPONGY TISSUE

394
Q

WHAT IS THE LOCATION OF THE INTRAMURAL PART OF THE MALE URETHRA

A

IT IS BEFORE THE PROSTATE AND CONTAINS THE INTERNAL URETHRAL SPHINCTER

395
Q

WHAT IS THE PROSTATIC PART OF THE MALE URETHRA

A

WHERE URINARY AND REPRODUCTIVE TRACTS MERGE

396
Q

WHAT IS THE URETHRAL CREST OF THE MALE URETHRA

A

MEDIAN RIDGE BETWEEN THE BILATERAL GROOVES

397
Q

WHAT ARE THE PROSTATIC SINUSES OF THE MALE URETHRA

A

GROOVES ON BOTH SIDES OF THE URETHRAL CREST

398
Q

DESCRIBE THE PROSTATIC DUCTS OF THE MALE URETHRA

A

THEY OPEN INTO THE PROSTATIC SINUSES

399
Q

WHAT IS THE SEMINAL COLLICULUS OF THE MALE URETHRA

A

ROUND EMINENCE IN THE MIDDLE OF THE URETHRAL CREST

400
Q

WHAT IS THE PROSTASTIC UTRICLE OF THE MALE URETHRA

A

SLIT-LIKE ORIFICE IN THE SEMINAL COLLICULUS THAT IS MAKES THE VESTIGIAL UTEROVAGINAL CANAL

401
Q

WHERE ARE THE OPENINGS OF THE EJACULATORY DUCTS LOCATED

A

ADJACENT TO THE PROSTATIC UTRICLE

402
Q

DESCRIBE THE MEMBRANOUS TISSUE OF THE MALE URETHRA

A

IT PENETRATES THE PERINEAL MEMBRANE

403
Q

DESCRIBE THE SPONGY TISSUE OF THE MALE URETHRA

A

IT IS FOUND THRU THE CORPUS SPONGIOSUM OF THE PENIS

404
Q

WHAT IS THE LOCATION AND FNCTION OF THE FEMALE URETHRA

A

IT IS LOCATED FROM THE INTERNAL URETHRAL ORIFICE TO THE EXTERNAL URETHRAL ORIFICE. IT IS ABOUT 4 cm LONG, AND LIES ANTERIOR TO THE VAGINA AND PASSES TOGETHER WITH IT THRU THE PELVIS DIAPHRAGM

ITS FUNCTION IS TO CONVEY URINE

405
Q

WHERE IS THE RECTUM LOCATED

A

PELVIC PART OF THE GI TRACT, CONTIUOUS PROXIMALLY WITH THE SIGMOID COLON AND DISTALLY WITH THE ANAL CANAL, AND ENDS ANTEROINFERIOR TO THE TIP OF THE COCCYX

406
Q

WHAT ARE THE COPONENTS OF THE RECTUM

A

RECTOSIGMOID JUNCTION
SACRAL FLEXURE
ANORECTAL FLEXURE
AMPULLA

407
Q

DESCRIBE THE RECTOSIGMOID JUNCTION OF THE RECTUM

A

ANTERIOR TO THE S3 VERTEBRA, DEMARCATED BY THE TERMINATION OF HAUSTRA

408
Q

DESCRIBE THE SACRAL FLEXURE OF THE RECTUM

A

IT IS FORMED AS THE RECTUM FOLLOWS THE SACRUM AND COCCYX

409
Q

DESCRIBE THE ANORECTAL FLEXURE

A

IT IS A SHARP POSTEROINFERIOR ANGLE BEFORE THE END OF THE RECTUM FORMED AS THE GI PERFORATES THE PELVIC DIAPHRAGM

410
Q

DESCRIBE THE AMPULLA OF THE RECTUM

A

IT IS A DILATED TERMINAL PART OF THE RECTUM THAT LIES DIRECTLY SUPERIOR TO AND SUPPORTED BY THE PELVIC DIAPHRAGM, AND RECEIVES AND HOLDS FECES

411
Q

*PELVIS 2 STARTS HERE**
WHAT ARE TESTIS?

A

MALE REPRODUCTIVE GLANDS, THAT PRODUCE SPERMS AND HORMONES

412
Q

WHAT SUSPENDS THE TESTIS

A

TESTIS ARE SUSPENDED BY THE SPERMATIC CORDS

413
Q

WHAT IS THE TUNICA VAGINALIS

A

CLOSED PERITONEAL SAC THAT COVERS THE SCROTUM SURFACE, EXCEPT WHERE IT ATTACHES THE EPIDIDYMIS AND SPERMATIC CORD

414
Q

WHAT IS THE TUNICA ALBUGINEA

A

TOUGH FIBROUS OUTER SURFACE OF TESTIS

415
Q

WHAT IS THE MEDIASTINUM OF THE TESTIS

A

THICKENED RIDGE OF THE TUNICA ALBUGINEA IN THE POSTERIOR ASPECT OF THE TESTES THAT GENERATES FIBROUS SEPTA

416
Q

HOW ARE LOBULES FORMED?

A

THEY ARE FORMED BETWEEN SEPTA ORIGINATING FROM THE MEDIASTINUM OF THE TESTIS AND CONTAINS THE SEMINIFEROUS TUBULES

417
Q

DESCRIBE SEMINIFEROUS TUBULES

A

LONG AND HIGHLY COILED STRUCTURE THAT PRODUCES SPERM!

418
Q

DESCRIBE STRAIGHT TUBULES

A

THEY JOIN THE SEMINIFEROUS TUBULES TO THE RETE TESTIS

419
Q

WHAT IS RETE TESTIS

A

A NETWORK OF CANALS IN THE MEDIASTINUM OF THE TESTIS

420
Q

WHAT IS AN EPIDIDYMIS AND WHAT IS ITS FUNCTION?

A

ENLOGATED STRUCTURE ON THE POSTERIOR SURFACE OF THE TESTIS

ITS FUNCTION IS TO STORE AND MATURE SPERM

421
Q

WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF THE EFFERENT DUCTULES

A

THEY TRANSPORT NEWLY DEVELOPED SPERMS TO THE EPIDIDYMIS

422
Q

WHAT ARE THE PARTS OF THE EPIDIDYMIS

A

1.) HEAD: COILED END OF EFFERENT DUCTULES
2.) BODY: CONVULUTED DUCTS OF EPIDIDYMIS
3.) TAIL: CONTINUOUS WITH DUCTUS DEFERENS

423
Q

WHERE DO TESTICULAR ARTERIES ARISE FROM

A

THEY ARISE FROM THE ABDOMINAL AORTA, INFERIOR TO RENAL ARTERIES

424
Q

WHAT IS THE PAMPINIFORM VENOUS PLEXUS

A

NETWORK OF 8-12 VEINS THAT SURROUND THEBTESTICULAR ARTERY AND IS LOCATED ANTERIOR TO THE DUCTUS DEFERENS.

425
Q

WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF THE PAMPINIFORM VENOUS PLEXUS

A

CONTRIBUTES TO THE THERMOREGULATION OF THE TESTIS.

426
Q

DESCRIBE THE COURSE OF THE PAMPINIFORM VENOUS PLEXUS

A

THE PLEXUS CONVERGES SUPERIORL TO FORM THE TESTICULAR VEINS, WHICH ENTER THE IVC AND LEFT RENAL VEIN

427
Q

WHAT STRUCTURE IS A CONTINUATION OF THE DUCT OF THE EPIDIDYMIS

A

DUCTUS DEFERENS

428
Q

WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF DUCTUS DEFERENS

A

TRANSPORTS SPERM FROM EPIDIDYMIS TO EJACULATORY DUCTS IN URETHRA

429
Q

DESCRIBE THE COURSE OF THE DUCTUS DEFERENS

A

IT TRAVELS IN THE SPERMATIC CORD AND ENTERS THE A.A.W (ANTERIOR ABDOMINAL WALL) VIA THE INGUINAL CANAL. IT CROSSES OVER THE EXTERNAL ILIAC VESSELS AND ENTERS THE PELVIS. THEN IT ENDS AT THE SEMINAL GLAND, WHERE IT JOINS THE SEMINAL DUCT TO FORM THE EJACULATORY DUCT

430
Q

WHERE IS THE SEMINAL GLAD LOCATED AND WHAT IS ITS FUNCTION

A

IT IS AN ENLONGATED STRUCTURE BETWEEN THE FUNDUS OF THE BLADDER AND RECTUM, SUPERIOR TO THE PROSTATE

ITS FUNCTION IS TO SECRETE A THICK FLUID THAT MIXES WITH SPERM ON THEIR WAY TO THE EJACULATOY DUCTS. IT DOES NOT STORE SPERM!

431
Q

SLIDE 12 OF PELVIS 2
LAST SLIDE BEFORE QUIZ 6
WHERE ARE THE EJACULATORY DUCTS LOCATED?

A

SLENDER TUBES THAT ARISE NEAR THE NECK OF THE BLADDER BY THE UNION OF SEMINAL DUCTS AND DUCTUS DEFERENS, AND END IN THE SEMINAL COLLICULUS OF PROSTATIC URETHRA

BMS 590 (2 decks)

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