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Health Promotion > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

This refers to couples who have not become pregnant after at least one year of having sex without using birth control methods

A

Primary infertility

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2
Q

What is the most prevalent non-viral STI?

A

Trichomoniasis
S/S - Men: usually asympyomatic. May include foamy/thin discharge that is green and a sign is a “strawberry cervix”
Recommended treatment for BOTH partners: metronidazole

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3
Q

What is the most commonly reported STI (bacterial)?

A

Chlamydia

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4
Q

When is the time of day that temperature should be checked when using the basal body temperature method of natural family planning?
Why?

A

In the morning when awakening
Body temp drops right before ovulation and rises and remains elevated for 3-4 days after.

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5
Q

Three types of emergency contraception
How should they be taken/how many days after having intercourse that they are effective for?

A

Plan B: 2 doses - 1st ASAP/2nd: 12 hrs later. Start within 72 hrs.
Ella: prescription: up to 5 days after
Copper IUD: should be inserted within 5 days by a HCP

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6
Q

What is the baby’s expected due date if the date of the last menstrual period was on September 24, 2022?

A

July 1, 2023 (Subtract 3 months and add seven days + one year)

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7
Q

What are presumptive signs of pregnancy?

A

Period absent (amenorrhea)
Really tired
Enlarged breasts
Sore breasts
Urination increased (frequency)
Movement perceived (quickening) 18-20 wks after the LMP
Emesis and nausea

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8
Q

What are probable signs of pregnancy?

A

Positive pregnancy test (high levels of hCG)
Returning of the fetus when uterus is pushed w/fingers (Ballottement)
Objective data (doctor or nurse can observe)
Braxton Hicks contractions
A softened cervix (Goodell’s)
Bluish color of the vulva, vagina or cervix (Chadwicks sign)
Lower uterine segment soft (Hegar’s)
Enlarged uterus

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9
Q

What are POSITIVE signs of pregnancy?

A

Fetal movement palpated by a doctor or nurse (20 weeks)
Electronic device detects fetal heart tones (8-12 weeks)
The delivery of the baby
Ultrasound detects baby (4-5 weeks)
Seeing visible movements

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10
Q

Which hormone maintains the uterine lining?
& which stimulates uterine growth?

A

Progesterone and estrogen

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11
Q

What test measures the fetal status using an electronic fetal monitor (looking for increase in fetal heart rate w/movement)?
Explain what a reactive and non reactive result would look like?

A

Non-stress Test
Reactive: 2 accelerations of FHR over 20 mins
Non-reactive: < 2 accelerations over 40 mins

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12
Q

What is the most common side effect of an epidural?

A

Hypotension

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13
Q

What are signs of premonitory of labor?

A

Braxton Hicks contractions: irregular contractions/false labor/no cervical softening
Bloody show: loss of cervical mucous plug
Rupture of membrane, “water breaking”
Lightening: fetus descends into pelvic inlet (10-14 days before for 1st pregnancy and right before labor for multiple pregnancy.)
Sudden burst of energy, “nesting”
Loss of 1-3 lbs
GI upset

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14
Q

What is the shortening and thinning of the cervix called?
What amounts would be considered to be complete/full?

A

Effacement - 100%

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15
Q

What is the enlargement of the cervix called?
What amounts would be considered to be complete/full?

A

Dilation - 10 cm

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16
Q

When is the best time to administer analgesia during labor? Why?

A

During the active stage (stage 1)
Labor is well-established during this time. If it’s given too early, it may slow labor. If it is given too late, it may cross the placental barrier and continue after birth for the baby.

17
Q

What type of fetal heart pattern is concerning?

A

Late deceleration: a decrease in the FHR at or after the peak of the uterine contraction/returning to baseline after the contraction ends.
This is concerning because it could indicate decreased oxygen/fetal blood flow, hypotension/umbilical cord around neck, etc.

18
Q

This type of bright red bloody discharge is expected for 1-3 days after birth occurs
What would be concerning?

A

Lochia rubra
Cause for concern: large clots appearing, excessive pad saturation (complete saturation within one hour) - could indicate hemorrhage, foul smell (infection)

19
Q

If the fundus is higher than expected on palpation and is not in midline, the nurse should suspect what?

A

Bladder distension

20
Q

This is an inflammation of breast tissue that sometimes involves an infection.
Breasts can be swollen, hot and painful, and is most common in breastfeeding women.
What does the treatment consist of?

A

Mastitis
Treatment: warm compresses, dont wear tight/restrictive clothing, antibiotic regimen, mild pain relievers, feeding schedule

21
Q

Assessment used to evaluate the perineum postpartum?

A

REEDA
Redness
Edema
Ecchymosis
Discharge/Drainage
Approximation

22
Q

System changes that can be expected postpartum

A

Decreased cardiac output, headache, weight loss, chills, afterpains (uterus is still contracting), diaphoresis, dieresis (return of urination should occur 6-8hrs after delivery; may be increased for the first week or two)

23
Q

What is the recommended weigh gain during pregnancy (divided into 1st trimester and 2nd/3rd trimesters)?

A

3.5-5 lbs during the 1st trimester
1 lb/week - 2nd & 3rd trimester

24
Q

This is a recommended antibiotic single-dose treatment that can be used for chlamydia & gonorrhea

A

Azithromycin

25
Q

What are the three parts of the first stage of labor?

A

Latent: regular mild contractions that increase with intensity, cervical effacement and dilation begins
Active phase: contactions increase in intensity, frequency and duration, cervical dilation increases from 4 to 7cm, fetus begins to descend into the pelvis, this is when pain medication can be given
Transition: dilation 8 to 10 cm, fetus rapidly descends, carrier may experience rectal pressure, and N&V

26
Q

What is the second stage of labor?

A

“Active pushing” phase
Begins with complete cervical dilation (10 cm) and ends with the birth of infant

27
Q

What is the third stage of labor?

A

Placental separation and delivery
“Second” birth

28
Q

What is the fourth stage of labor?

A

The hour or two after delivery when the tone of the uterus is reestablished as the uterus contracts again, expelling any remaining contents. These contractions are hastened by breastfeeding, which stimulates production of the hormone oxytocin.

29
Q

Why might a C-section be recommended?

A

Fetal distress, complete placental previa (placenta completely covers the cervix), active genital herpes, previous c-section, multiple gestation (3+ fetuses), cephalopelvic disproportion (mismatch between size of fetal head and size of materna pelvis), baby is breech

30
Q

What vital sign may be increased after giving birth but should return to normal after 24 hrs?

A

Temperature (expected: 98-100.4 degrees F)
If it remains elevated infection would be suspected

31
Q

What is the fetal heart rate (FHR) baseline?

A

110-160 BPM
<160 = tachycardia
>120 = bradycardia

32
Q

What is Naegele’s Rule?

A

How to calculate the estimated date of confinement (EDC) or due date
Begin on the first day of the last menstrual period - subtract 3 months + seven days + one year

33
Q

What does GPTPAL stand for?

A

Gravida: number of pregnancies total
Para: birth after 20 wks gestation regardless of whether the baby is born alive or stillborn (refers to pregnancies NOT # of fetus)
Term deliveries: # of pregnancies carried past 37 wks (includes living and stillbirths)
Preterm deliveries: # of pregnancies where birth is after 20 wks and before 37 0/7weeks gestation (included living and stillbirths)
Abortions: # of pregnancies ending in either spontaneous or therapeutic abortion (before 20 weeks)
Living children: # of currently living children to whom the women has given birth

34
Q

What does BUBBLE LE stand for (related to postpartum assessment)?

A

B: breasts
U: uterus
B: bladder
B: bowels
L: lochia
E: episiotomy and perineum

L: lower extremities
E: emotions

Health Promotion (4 decks)

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