Exam 3 Flashcards
Which administration routes make up about 90% of them?
oral, pulmonary, transdermal, parenteral
What are the advantages of tablets and capsules?
- stability
- accurate dose
- patient compliance
- low cost
- additional functions such as taste masking or controlled release
What are the disadvantages for tablets and capsules?
- not suitable for infants and children
- not suitable for non-oral medications
What are the advantages to IV solution?
- fast drug action
- suitable for drugs that can’t tolerate GI tract environment
- suitable for patients who are unable to swallow tablets or capsules
What are the disadvantages to IV solution?
- expensive
- not convenient
- pain
What are transdermal patches good for?
local treatment
What kind of drug do transdermal patches require?
potent
What are the advantages to intranasal sprays?
- mostly used for local treatment
- can also be used for systemic drug delivery
What are the factors that dictate route of administration?
- disease state treated
- convenience to patients
- marketing
List the types of solid dosage forms.
tablets, gelcaps, loose powders, lyophilized powders, controlled-release matrices
What makes liqui-gels different?
- the drug is pre-dissolved
- drug will still precipitate in stomach
- has to re-dissolve
What are the two types of tablets?
compression, molded
Describe compression tablets
- dominant
- formed by compression
- may or may not have coating
How are molded tablets formed?
melting
What does the multicoat of a sugar-coated tablet contain?
starch, calcium carbonate
What percent weight does a sugar-coating add?
50%
What percent weight does a film-coated tablet add?
2-6%
What are the advantages to sugar-coated tablets?
- taste masking and/or identification
- might enhance stability from oxidation
What are the advantages of film-coated tablets?
- can avoid using moisture/water
- put marking on tablets
Describe multiple compression tablets
- have inner core and coating
- inner core could be sugar tablet
Describe multiple layer tablets
- lightly compress one layer
- additional layers added
- can put additional layers if needed to separate drugs
- can be used for multiple types of release
Characteristics of enteric-coated tablets
- resist dissolving in stomach
- dissolve at higher pH
- used for drugs that can irritate the stomach
- cannot be crushed or chewed
What are 3 examples of enteric-coated tablets?
aspirin, omeprazole, sulfasalazine
Describe chewable tablets
- large tablets designed to be chewed before being swallowed
- may not need water
- may help solubility
- avoids swallowing issues
- no disintegrant
What are the common fillers for chewable tablets?
sorbitol, mannitol
What is an example of a chewable tablet?
singulair (montelukast)
How are effervescent tablets administered?
- dissolved in glass of water prior to administration
What is the benefit of effervescent tablets releasing carbon dioxide?
- aids in disintegration/dissolution
- creates a buffered solution with high pH
What are the benefits to the fast action of effervescent tablets?
- faster bioavailability
- less gastric irritation
What do effervescent tablets need to be protected from?
moisture
What type of capsule is commonly used for compounding?
hard gelatin
What are hard and soft gelatin capsules made out of?
collagen
Which kind of capsule uses two ribbons for manufacturing?
soft gelatin
What are the characteristics of solution?
- faster to act
- less stable
- more for parenteral administration
What are the characteristics of solid state?
- slower to act
- more stable
- more convenient
- common for oral admin