Exam 3 Flashcards
What is the primary mechanism of action of nicotine in the synapse?
initially activates, and then blocks acetylcholine receptors (mixed/partial acetylcholine receptor agonist)
How can smokers get the same amount of nicotine from a “low tar, low nicotine” or “light” cigarette as from a normal cigarette?
all of the above
The current primary therapeutic use of nicotine is
aiding in smoking cessation
Acute nicotine overdose causes death primarily by
paralyzing the muscles used in respiration
Although lung cancer is not common about { } percent of all lung cancers occur in smokers
85
Tobacco mixed with fruit and other flavors is sometimes smoked in a group setting featuring a tall water pipe called
hookah
Bupropion is sold under this trade name as a drug used to aid in smoking cessation
Zyban
Research on the mechanism of action of caffeine has focused mainly on its
antagonism of adenosine receptors
Which of the following health risks of caffeine use is false
caffeine is a potent carcinogen
How was coffee first discovered
goats ate coffee beans and “danced”
The unique xanthine in chocolate is called
theobromine
Chocolate is made from the kernels of the
cacao plant
Theophylline, the xanthine present in tea leaves, has been used clinically to treat
asthma
About how many cups of coffee would it take to get close to the human LD50 for caffeine
100
This nutritional supplement is still sold with no restrictions despite a recent FDA warning about liver damage resulting from high doses
kava root
This OTC drug has been abused by teens as a hallucinogen. Some refer tot he practice as “robotripping”
dextromethorphan
Recent research into the mechanism of action of kava has focused mainly on its
indirect agonism of GABA receptors
Dextromethorphan is often added to cold medications as a
cough suppressant
Aspirin, Tylenol, and Ibuprofen all share this analgesic mechanism
inhibition of cyclooxyrgenase, which prevents prostaglandins from sensitizing pain neurons
Manufacturers may print general health claims on nutritional supplements provided they are accompanied by which of the following statements
*This statement has not been evaluated by the FDA. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease
The only stimulant currently allowed for over-the-counter sale in the US is
caffeine
Which of the following (if any) is true about opioids
none the above
What is the difference between heroin and opium
opium is a relatively unprocessed plant substance; heroin is a purified derivative of a drug found in opium
Compared to withdrawal from alcohol or benzodiazepine dependence, withdrawal from opioids is
extremely unpleasant, but not as life-threatening as withdrawal from heavy alcohol or benzodiazepine abuse
In addition to morphine, a second psychoactive opioid found naturally in the poppy plant is
codeine
Adding two acetyl groups to morphine creates heroin, making this semisynthetic opioid more potent. Why?
the acetyl groups allow heroin to cross the blood/brain barrier more easily
