Exam 3 Flashcards
Where is glycolysis located?
Cytosol
Where does pyruvate oxidation and the CAC take place?
Mitochondrial matrix
Where does oxidative phosphorylation take place?
Inner membrane
What are the products of glycolysis?
2 pyruvates, 2 ATP net, 2 NADH
What are the producers of pyruvate oxidation?
2 acetyl CoA, CO2, 2 NADH (1 per pyruvate)
What are the products of the citric acid cycle?
4 CO2 ( 2 per acetyl CoA), 2 ATP (1 per turn), 6 NADH, 2 FADH2
What is a metabolic pathway?
A series of enzyme catalyzed steps
What are the two major types of metabolic pathways?
Anabolic - building
Catabolic - destroys or breaks down
How do chemical reactions play a role in energy transfer?
Energy coupling - pair an exergonic reaction to fuel an endergonic reaction (ATP hydrolysis)
What is ATP’s role as an energy currency?
ATP to ADP + P releases energy and is reversible
How is energy released through ATP hydrolysis?
Removing the P3
What is the role of enzymes in metabolic pathways?
Specific, structure of enzyme, induced fit
How do enzymes function as molecular catalysts?
Position two substrates
Contort/stress substrate bonds
Provide an optimal environment
Temporarily react with the substrate
What are the various factors of enzyme regulation?
1) coenzymes and cofactors - enzyme helpers
2) denaturing - temperature and pH
3) inhibitors - competitive and non competitive
4) feedback inhibition
5) activator - opens up active site to allow substrate to bind (allosteric)
What is the importance of electrons in the transfer of energy in living systems?
Electrons are high energy
