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health assessment > exam 3 > Flashcards

exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

is eye pain possible with upper resp issues

A

yes

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2
Q

what is a large parotid artery associated with

A

mumps

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3
Q

how to tell the difference between drooping from stroke or bells palsy

A

bells palsy is typically just eye drooping

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4
Q

life threatening causes of headaches

A

meningitis
hemorrhage
tumor

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5
Q

primary headache

A

the problem is the headache

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6
Q

secondary headache

A

arises from something else. a symptom of another issue

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7
Q

SNOOP- red flags headaches

A

S- systemic signs, symptoms, or illness (stiff neck, hiv, cancer, “worst headache of life”
N- neurologic deficits (altered mental status, seizures)
O- onset (new or sudden)
O- other associated conditions (any head trauma? worse when lower/lifting head?)
P- prior history (Is it different than past headaches)

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8
Q

primary headaches

A

migraines, tension, cluster

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9
Q

migraines

A

could be unilateral (most common), bifrontal or global
throbbing
moderate to severe intensity
photophobia likely, nausea common
aura
rapid onset
last 4-72 hours
reoccurs weekly/monthly, family history

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10
Q

tension headaches

A

bilateral (forehead and back of head and neck)
tightening feeling, non throbbing, scalp tenderness, photophobia can occur
mild to moderate severity
gradual onset, last 30 min - 7 days
triggers: stress, muscle tension, sleep disturbance
relieving factors- massage, relaxation

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11
Q

cluster headaches

A

unilateral. typically around eye or temple
sharp, continuous
severe intensity
last 15 min-3 hours
could have several per day
rhinorrhea/ptosis/eyelid edema

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12
Q

meningitis

A

inflammation of meninges
could be life threatening
severe and sudden headache
stiff neck is a common sign

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13
Q

Traumatic brain injury

A

blow to head that interferes with brain function
-symptoms may take time to develop

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14
Q

goiter

A

enlarged thyroid gland
thyroid function may be increased, decreased, or normal

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15
Q

pharyngitis relation with lymph nodes

A

enlarged lymph nodes are common with sore throat

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16
Q

macrocephaly

A

big head. possible brain issues

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17
Q

microcephaly

A

small head. possible brain issues

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18
Q

cushing syndrome signs

A

rounded moon face, red cheeks, buffalo hump, hirsutism
from increased cortisol

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19
Q

nephrotic syndrome

A

periobital edema, puffy and pale face, swollen lips

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20
Q

anosmia

A

not being able to smell

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21
Q

rhinorrhea

A

runny nose, clear liquid

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22
Q

xerostomia

A

dry mouth

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23
Q

dysphagia

A

difficulty swallowing

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24
Q

dysphasia

A

difficulty speaking

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25
Q

palpebral fissures

A

opening between eye

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26
Q

torus palatinus

A

growth on top of mouth. usually benign. not painful but can cause dysphagia

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27
Q

leukoplakia

A

white patch on tongue that cant be removed by scraping. can cause cancer

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28
Q

thrush

A

thick white plaque from yeast. usually due to prolonged antibiotics. can be scraped/removed. usually painful

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29
Q

if parotid gland is only swollen on one side it could be

A

neoplasm or cancer

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30
Q

acromegaly facial abnormalities

A

prominent jaw and brow, enlarged soft tissues

from too much growth hormone

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31
Q

parkinson’s disease facial abnormalities

A

stare, inability to move face, oily skin

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32
Q

where are preauricular lymph nodes

A

in front of ears

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33
Q

where are posterior auricular lymph nodes

A

behind ear, near mastoid process

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34
Q

where are occipital lymph node

A

back of head, near occipital bone of skull

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35
Q

where are tonsillar lymph nodes

A

below ears near jaw bone

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36
Q

where are submandibular lymph nodes

A

where submandibular gland sits. about midway of jaw bone between chin and ear

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37
Q

where are submental lymph nodes

A

below chin

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38
Q

where are superficial cervical lymph nodes at

A

lateral neck, about inch below ear near jugular veins

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39
Q

where are posterior cervical lymph nodes

A

back of neck behind jugular veins. between sternomastoid and trapezius muscle

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40
Q

where are the deep cervical chain lymph nodes

A

close to internal jugular. deep in

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41
Q

where are subclavicular lymph nodes

A

above clavicle

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42
Q

what do hard and fixed lymph nodes suggest

A

malignancy

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43
Q

how to inspect thyroid- not paplate

A

ask patient to sip water and swallow

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44
Q

hyperthyroidism signs and symptoms

A

nervousness, weight loss, palpitations, tremors, sweating, warm skin, fine hair, exophthalmos, increased systolic, decreased diastolic BP, frequent bowel movements

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45
Q

hypothyroidism signs and symptoms

A

fatigue, weight gain, dry cold skin, myexdema, constipation, decreased systolic, increased diastolic BP, bradycardia, hypothermia, impaired memory, coarse hair, nonpitting edema

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46
Q

angular chelitus

A

side of mouth gets cracked

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47
Q

angio edema

A

lips, mouth, tongue swollen

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48
Q

angioedema

A

swelling of mouth, lips, tongue

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49
Q

gritty eye

A

feeling of sand in eye, irritation

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50
Q

diplopia

A

double vision

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51
Q

cranial nerve II

A

Optic. vision

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52
Q

cranial nerve III

A

oculomotor. eye movement and pupil reflex

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53
Q

cranial nerve IV (4)

A

trochlear. Superior oblique eye movement

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54
Q

cranial nerve VI (6)

A

abducens. to lateral rectus eye muscles

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55
Q

Strabismus

A

cross eyed

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56
Q

prothesis

A

artificial eye

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57
Q

hyperopia

A

farsighted

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58
Q

presbyopia

A

gradual loss of ability to focus eye. impaired near vision

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59
Q

myopia

A

nearsighted

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60
Q

scotomas

A

blind spot in vision

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61
Q

how does smoking effect eyes

A

vasoconstriction

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62
Q

numerator/denominator on snellen chart

A

numerator- distance away the patient is. always 20 feet
denominator- distance at which normal eye could see letters. larger denominator, worse the vision

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63
Q

how many letters can a client miss on snellen chart to pass a line

A

2

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64
Q

jaegar chart

A

held 14 inches from clients eye.
read the smallest line possible
this helps identify needs for bifocals
- dont use corrective lenses

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65
Q

confrontation test

A

tests peripheral view

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66
Q

entropian

A

eyelid and lashes inverted in. irritation

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67
Q

ectropion

A

eyelid and lashes turn out, dryness

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68
Q

ptosis

A

droopy eyelid

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69
Q

pale sclera can indicate

A

anemia

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70
Q

anisocoria

A

uneven pupil

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71
Q

accomodation test

A

bringing a object near and far from eye
the pupil should constrict and converge as objects move near and dialate as they move farther away

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72
Q

direct pupil reaction

A

light shined in pupil, pupil constricts

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73
Q

consensual pupil reaction

A

when light is shined in pupil of one eye, the other pupil should still constrict

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74
Q

cardinal movement in eye

A

H pattern
test for extraocular movements
test cranial nerve 3,4 and 6

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75
Q

amblyopia

A

lazy eye

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76
Q

can medication affect ears

A

yes. they can be ototoxic

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77
Q

otalgia

A

earache

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78
Q

conductive loss

A

problems w/ external or middle ear. noisy environments may help

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79
Q

sensorineural loss

A

problems w inner ear. people w this may have trouble understanding speech. noisy environments make hearing worse

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80
Q

vertigo

A

the room around you is spinning

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81
Q

meniere’s disease

A

hearing loss, tinnitus, and vertigo

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82
Q

how to move ear for otoscope

A

pull pinna upward, back and away from head

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83
Q

where is cone of light on ear drum when using otoscope

A

right ear- 5 o’clock position
left ear- 7 o’clock position

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84
Q

where should cone of light be on eardrum when using otoscope

A

right ear- 5 o’clock position
left ear- 7 o’clock position

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85
Q

whisper test

A

stand 2 feet behind client and don’t let them see your lips
ask them to repeat what you say as you whisper
they should hear at least 4/6 things you say

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86
Q

weber test

A

tuning fork on top of head, ask where they hear sound

87
Q

rinne test

A

place tuning fork on mastoid process until they cant hear then place it in front of ear (don’t reactivate) and see how long they can hear
air conduction should be heard longer than bone. If not, could indicate conductive hearing loss

88
Q

what does nasal speculum do

A

open nasal passageway for us to see. shouldn’t cause pain

89
Q

what causes polyps in nose

A

chronic conditions such as cystic fibrosis, asthma, etc

90
Q

what sinuses do we palpate

A

frontal and maxillary

91
Q

malocculsion

A

teeth don’t align properly

92
Q

tongue expected findings

A

pink with papillae, moist, slightly rough, thin white coating

93
Q

+1 tonsil

A

visable

94
Q

+2 tonsil scale

A

between tonsillar pillars and uvula

95
Q

+3 tonsil scale

A

touching uvula

96
Q

+4 tonsil scale

A

touching eachother

97
Q

mydriasis

A

extreme dilation of pupil

98
Q

where is oral cancer most likely to be found

A

under the tongue

99
Q

what part of brain is affected by alcohol

A

cerebellum
can affect coordination and balance

100
Q

glascow coma scale

A

measures motor response, verbal response and eye opening
scale goes up to 15,
3-8 comatose
under 3 - no response

101
Q

what makes up CNS

A

brain and spinal cord

102
Q

PNS

A

nerves that branch off the spinal cord and extend to body

103
Q

what are the most common nuero symptoms

A

headaches and dizzy

104
Q

what is described as “worst headache of life”

A

hemorrhage

105
Q

POUND acronym for migraines

A

P= pulsatile or throbbing
O= one day duration or last 4-72 hours
U= unilateral
N= nausea or vomiting
D= Disabling or intensify causing interruption of ADLs

106
Q

presyncope

A

about to fall

107
Q

what can cause motor weakness

A

CNS issue or muscle

108
Q

weakness w abrupt onset of motor and sensory deficits

A

TIA or stroke

109
Q

paresthesia

A

pins and needles feeling (tingling)

110
Q

dysesthesia

A

sensation isnt perceived in normal way
ex- light touch feels like burning sensation

111
Q

complete loss of consciousness, postural tone, and loss of perfusion to brain

A

syncope

112
Q

tonic clonic seizure

A

also called grand mal. loss of consciousness and violent muscle contraction, loss of bladder, decreased level of consciousness after

113
Q

pseudoseizure

A

looks like seizure but isn’t associated with electrical charge

114
Q

absence seizure

A

seizures that cause a lack of awareness. stares into space

115
Q

generalized seizure vs focal seizure

A

generalized starts in both sides of the brain
focal the electrical charge starts on one side of brain, but could spread

116
Q

atonic seizure

A

causes person to go limp and fall to floor

117
Q

tremor

A

involunary movements

118
Q

low frequency, unilateral tremor, moving at rest

A

parkinsons disease

119
Q

high frequency, bilateral in upper extremites, occurs with movement, subsides with rest

A

essential tremor

120
Q

does leg restlessness get better with rest or activity

A

activity

121
Q

2 common things causing restless leg that are revirsable

A

pregnancy and iron deficiency

122
Q

0 muscle scale

A

can’t move/contract muscle, totally flaccid

123
Q

1+ muscle scale

A

muscle contracts slightly

124
Q

2+ muscle scale

A

able to move a joint when gravity is eliminated. cant lift up in air but can bend on something

125
Q

3+ muscle scale

A

can move joint against some gravity

126
Q

4+

A

can move joint w some resistance throughout full range of motion

127
Q

5+

A

joint can move with full resistance thru whole range of motion

128
Q

flaccid

A

complete loss of muscle tone

129
Q

rigidity

A

muscles are very contracted, very tense

130
Q

spasticity

A

muscles are tight and stiff but not completely contracted

131
Q

hypotonia

A

decreased muscle tone

132
Q

hypertonia

A

increased muscle tone and strength. can result in injury of upper neurons

133
Q

hemiparesis

A

one sided decreased muscle tone

134
Q

paraplegia

A

paralysis of lower body from spinal cord injury at or below thoracic

135
Q

quadriplegic

A

movement and sensation loss of entire body, happens from spinal cord injury in cervical vertebrae

136
Q

decorticate posturing

A

internal rotation of feet, arms adducted

137
Q

decerebrate posturing

A

arms stiffly extended and hyperpronated, legs hyperextended

138
Q

posture and rhythmic movements

A

cerebellar

139
Q

vestibular

A

balance and coordination

140
Q

point to point movement

A

assess cerebellar function coordination

141
Q

dysmetria

A

inability to perform point to point movements

142
Q

ataxia

A

loss of position sense

143
Q

romberg test

A

person stands still with eyes closed, check for swaying

144
Q

pronator drift test

A

ask person to extend both arms, see if arms pronate and return to horizontal position when tapping arms down

145
Q

sensory tests

A

temp
dull/sharp pain
vibration (tuning fork)
proprioception (ask what way your moving toe)
light touch

146
Q

stereognosis

A

small object in palm- identify

147
Q

graphesthesia

A

number identification
close eyes and trace number in their palm

148
Q

two point discrimination

A

2 points touching at once, where are they

149
Q

dermatone

A

band of skin innervated by the sensory root of a spinal nerve

150
Q

point localization

A

can patient identify where you tested?

151
Q

extinction

A

checks for patients ability to point to both sides

152
Q

tendons

A

muscle to bone

153
Q

why test reflexes

A

assess status of CNS

154
Q

4+ reflex

A

very brisk, hyperactive, with clonus

155
Q

3+ reflex

A

brisker than avg but not necessarily indication of disease

156
Q

2+ reflex

A

average, normal

157
Q

1+ reflex

A

somewhat diminished, low normal

158
Q

0+ reflex

A

no response

159
Q

bicep reflex

A

thumb on tendon, strike your own finger

160
Q

tricep reflex

A

flex arm downwards, strike above elbow

161
Q

achilles reflex

A

dorsiflex foot at ankle, strike

162
Q

plantar reflex

A

move hammer from heel to toe
toes should curve inward

163
Q

babinski response

A

dorsiflexion of great toe, fanning of others

164
Q

FAST

A

Face drooping
Arm weakness
Speech difficulty
Time

165
Q

FAST

A

Face drooping
Arm weakness
Speech difficulty
Time

166
Q

what causes hemorrhagic stroke

A

bleeding in brain

167
Q

what causes ischemic stroke

A

loss of blood supply to brain

168
Q

thought process

A

how is it thought thru

169
Q

mood

A

sustained emotion, changes perception of things around you

170
Q

insight

A

awareness that what they are feeling is normal/abnormal

171
Q

higher cognitive functions

A

things that actually require thought, interpretation

172
Q

judgement

A

comparing options to make decision

173
Q

perception

A

being aware of things in enviroment

174
Q

thought content

A

what patient thinks about

175
Q

ability to focus

A

attention

176
Q

affect

A

outward expression: tone, facial expression

177
Q

somatoform symtoms

A

lack medical or physical explanation

178
Q

functional syndromes

A

change overall quality of life and ability to function normally

179
Q

mental exam of speech

A

quantity, rate, loudness, articulation of words, fluency

could it be cultural

180
Q

tests for aphasia

A

word comprehension, repetition, naming, reading comprehension, writting

181
Q

illusion

A

misinterpretation of real stimuli

182
Q

hallucination

A

no real stimuli

183
Q

speech w unnecessary detail, doesn’t get to point

A

circumstantiality

184
Q

sudden interruption of speech in mid sentence

A

blocking

185
Q

everything said is one long sentence

A

flight of ideas

186
Q

facts/events are fabulated, made up

A

confabulation

187
Q

speech is illogical, does not make sense

A

incoherence

188
Q

association between topics are unrelated but patient does not realize

A

derailment

189
Q

inverted/distorted words- made up

A

neologisms

190
Q

persistent repetition of words or ideas

A

perseveration

191
Q

repeating words of someone else

A

echolalia

192
Q

choosing words based on sound not meaning

A

clanging

193
Q

new learning ability test

A

give 3-4 words, ask them to tell you 3-5 mins later

194
Q

abstract thinking test

A

proverbs, similarities

195
Q

constructional ability test

A

have them draw a clock

196
Q

mini mental exam screen

A

max score 30 (good)
anything under 17 is severe cognitive impairment

197
Q

alcohol CAGE

A

cutting down?
annoyed?
guilty?
eye openers?

198
Q

olfactory nerve (what it does and roman numeral)

A

I. sensory
smell

199
Q

optic nerve (what it does and roman numeral)

A

II sensory
vision, pupil assessment

200
Q

oculomotor (what it does and roman numeral)

A

III. motor
pupil assessment
extraocular moevements

201
Q

trochlear (what it does and roman numeral)

A

IV. motor
extraocular movements

202
Q

abducens (what it does and roman numeral)

A

VI. motor
extraocular movements

203
Q

trigeminal (what it does and roman numeral)

A

V motor and sensory
motor, sensory, corneal reflex

204
Q

facial (what it does and roman numeral)

A

VII. motor and sensory
controls muscle of facial expression

205
Q

Acoustic (what it does and roman numeral)

A

VIII. sensory
hearing

206
Q

glossopharyngeal (what it does and roman numeral)

A

IX. motor and sensory
voice/swallowing

207
Q

vagus (what it does and roman numeral)

A

X. motor and sensory
Voice/swallowing.

208
Q

spinal accessory (what it does and roman numeral)

A

XI. motor
move shoulder and neck muscles

209
Q

hypoglossal

A

XII. MOTOR
movements of tongue

210
Q

dementia test

A

slums tool

211
Q

disorientation when looking at amsler chart

A

macular degeneration

212
Q

largest chamber of eye

A

vitreous

213
Q

Transforms light rays into nerve impulses that are conducted to the brain

A

retina

214
Q

innermost bone in ear

A

stapes

health assessment (4 decks)

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