Exam #3

Question 1

Development Psychology

Answer 1

the branch of psychology concerned with the changes in cognitive, motivational, psychophysiological, and social functioning that occur throughout the human life span.

Question 2

The Stages of Prenatal Development

Answer 2

Automatic Reflex, Research, Physical Development

Question 3

Automatic Reflex

Answer 3

Rooting, Sucking, Startle, Grasping

Question 4

Research

Answer 4

Habituation,Gazing, Maternal scent

Question 5

Physical Development

Answer 5

Explosive growth in developing brain
Rapid neural network
Rapid frontal lobes growth (3-6yrs)
Neural pruning
A critical period for skills; plasticity

Question 6

Schema

Answer 6

the concept of framework that organizes and interprets information

Question 7

Assimilations

Answer 7

interpreting new experiences in terms of existing schemes

Question 8

Accommodations

Answer 8

adapting current understandings to incorporate new information

Question 9

Sensorimotor Stage (birth-2)- Pigat stages

Answer 9

-Learning through sense and actions
-Object permanence- the awareness that things continue to exist even when not perceived

Question 10

Preoperational stage (6 or 7)- Pigat stages

Answer 10

-Things represented with words and images
-Symbolic thinking and pretend play
-Inability to take the POV of others (egocentrism)
-Conservation- properties such as mass, volume, and number remain the same despite changes in the forms of object

Question 11

Concrete operational stage (7-11)- Pigat Stages

Answer 11

-Improved mental operation enables logical thinking about concrete events; analogies
-Comprehension of mathematical transformation and conservation

Question 12

Formal operational stage (12-on)- Pigat stages

Answer 12

-Reasoning about actual experiences evolves t include abstract thinking
-Initially includes imagined realities and symbols then hypothetical propositions and deductions of consequences

Question 13

Erick Erickson stages of Development: Stage 1

Answer 13

Trust vs. Mistrust

Question 14

Erick Erickson stages of Development: Stage 2

Answer 14

Autonomy vs Shame and Doubt (2-3): independency, make choices

Question 15

Erick Erickson stages of Development: Stage 3

Answer 15

Initiative vs. Guilt (3-5): try new experiences; don’t feel guilt

Question 16

Erick Erickson stages of Development: Stage 4

Answer 16

Industry vs. Inferiority (6-11): cope with psychosocial crisis

Question 17

Erick Erickson stages of Development: Stage 5

Answer 17

Stage 5: Identity vs. Confusion (12-18): explore independence and develop a sense of self

Question 18

Erick Erickson stages of Development: Stage 6

Answer 18

Intimacy vs Isolation (18-40): relationship with others

Question 19

Erick Erickson stages of Development: Stage 7

Answer 19

Generativity vs, Stagnation (40-45): contribute to society, promote future generations

Question 20

Erick Erickson stages of Development: Stage 8

Answer 20

integrity vs. Despair (65+): resolve the crisis to develop virtue

Question 21

Preconventional morality (Kohlberg- Moral Development)

Answer 21

self-interest; obeying rules to avoid punishment or gain concrete rewards

Question 22

Conventional Morality (Kohlberg- Moral Development)

Answer 22

uphold laws and rules to gain social approval or maintain social order

Question 23

Postconventional morality (Kohlberg- Moral Development)

Answer 23

Actions reflect a belief in basic rights and self-defined ethical principles

Question 24

3 Characteristics of Parenting

Answer 24

Authoritarian, permissive, neligent

Question 25

Authoritarian Parents

Answer 25

Children with less social skills and self-esteem, and a brain that over-reacts when they make mistakes

Question 26

Permissive Parents

Answer 26

Children who are more aggressive and immature

Question 27

Negligent Parents

Answer 27

children with poor academic and social outcomes

Question 28

Authoritative Parents

Answer 28

Children with the highest self-esteem, self-reliance, self-regulation, and social competence

Question 29

Adolescence

Answer 29

the transition period from childhood to adulthood, extending from puberty to independence.

Question 30

Longitudinal Studies

Answer 30

Researchers repeatedly examine the same individuals to detect any changes that might occur over a period of time (EX: progress and well-being of children at critical age periods from birth to adulthood).

Question 31

Gender Roles

Answer 31

A role is a set of expectations (norms) about a social position; a set of expected behaviors, attitudes, and traits for males and females.

Question 32

Primary Sex Characteristics

Answer 32

the body structure (ovaries, teste, and external genitalia) that make sexual reproduction possible.

Question 33

Secondary Sex Characteristics

Answer 33

nonreproductive sexual traits, such as female breasts and hips, male voice quality, and body hair

Question 34

Gender Identity

Answer 34

Our personal sense of being male, female, or some combination of the 2.

Question 35

The Stages of the Sexual Response Cycle:

Answer 35

Excitement, plateau, orgasm, resolution

Question 36

Excitement

Answer 36

the genital areas become engorged with blood

Question 37

Plateau

Answer 37

Excitement peaks as breathing, pulse, and blood pressure rates continue to increase

Question 38

Orgasm

Answer 38

Muscle contractions appear all over the body and are accompanied by further increases in breathing, pulse, and blood pressure rates. The pleasurable feeling of sexual release is much the same for both sexes.

Question 39

Resolution

Answer 39

The body gradually returns to its unaroused state as the genital blood vessels release their accumulated blood.

Question 40

Sexual Orientation

Answer 40

an enduring sexual attraction toward members of one’s own sex (homosexual orientation), the other sex (heterosexual orientation), or both sexes (bisexual orientation).