exam 3 Flashcards
heritability of a tendency toward antisocial behavior is lowest for which of the following?
People in impoverished neighborhoods
How does the gene for the less active form of the enzyme MAOa affect the probability for aggressive behavior?
Increased probability for someone abused in childhood
Aggressive behavior correlates with low turnover of which neurotransmitter?
Serotonin
which of the following hormones tends to inhibit aggressive behavior?
cortisol
Why do we know more about the brain mechanisms of fear and anxiety than we do about other emotions?
researchers can more satisfactorily measure anxiety than other emotions in laboratory animals
After damage to the amygdala what happens to the startle reflex?
It becomes more consistent from one time or situation to another
suppose a researcher wants to determine whether someone is afraid of cats. What would be the most reasonable approach?
Present a photo of the cat then a loud sound. see whether the photo enhances the usual startle reflex
Research on the amygdala supports what psychological conclusion?
What we call fear is a combination of several components not an indivisible entity
What role does the bed nucleus of stria terminals play in fear or anxiety?
It affects fear of the environment in general
The amygdala responds most strongly to which type of facial expression?
Expressions that require some effort to understand
What if anything, can we predict from measuring the strength of amygdala response to frightening stimuli or faces showing fear?
We can predict probability of strong emotional responses to stressful experiences
After urban-wiethe disease damaged their amygdala two people showed no fear under most circumstances. what evokes fear?
Breathing concentrated carbon dioxide
What type of people would be more likely to than average to develop PTSD?
People with smaller than average hippocampus
What do benzodiazepines do?
They facilitate GABA synapses
The parasympathetic nervous system is most active during which of the following?
Digesting food
According to the James Lang theory feedback from the body’s actions is responsible for which aspect of emotion?
Feeling
When researchers looked for brain areas associated with particular emotions what did they find?
No brain area is responsible for one and only one emotion
Several lines of evidence argue against the idea that facial expressions demonstrate the existence of six basic emotions. Which of the following is NOT one of those lines of evidence?
Asking people to match six faces to six labels interferes with accuracy
Which brain area is associated with behavioral activation system and a tendency to approach?
The left hemisphere
Damage to the ventromedial prefrontal cortex increases which tendency is decision making?
More utilitarian choices
Which hormone does the alarm stage release, but the resistance stage does not?
Epinephrine
How do the functions of the HPA axis compare to those of the sympathetic nervous system?
The sympathetic nervous system readies the body for brief vigorous action and the HPA axis prepares the body for prolonged coping with a persistent stressor
How does McEwens definition of stress differ from Selyes
Selyes definition applied equally to favorable or unfavorable events
which cells of the immune system secrete antibodies?
B cells only