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Med Surg 1 > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the priority for diabetes Insipidus?

A

-monitor serum sodium levels Bc it tells if treatment of IV fluid replacement is effective

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2
Q

s/s of DI?

A

Fatigue, Extreme thirst, large urine output, nocturia

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3
Q

Hematocrit levels for DI

A

Male >49%

Female >44%

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4
Q

Hematocrit for SIADH

A

male<43%

female< 38%

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5
Q

Serum sodium for DI

A

> 145

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6
Q

Serum sodium for SIADH

A

<135

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7
Q

urine-specific gravity for DI

A

<1.005

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8
Q

urine specific gravity for SIADH

A

> 1.030

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9
Q

s/s of decreased TSH levels

A

Weight gain, thin hair, decreased libido

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10
Q

What can adrenal cortex overproduction of corticosteroids hormone cause?

A

moon face (facial puffiness)

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11
Q

Hyperparathyroid‘s relationship with calcium?

A

Hypercalcemia

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12
Q

decreased endocrine system as we age causes…

A

Disturb sleep patterns,Reduced metabolic rate,Lose bone density,Accumulate body fat, show increase in blood glucose

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13
Q

when metabolism goes down…

A

we feel cold

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14
Q

What is the negative feedback system

A

Self regulating system

PTH and calicum

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15
Q

How many ml or cc in an oz

A

About 29.5

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16
Q

How is hypopituitarism medicated?

A
  • electrolyte imbalances
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17
Q

Nursing priority for removal of pituitary tumor (transsphenoidal hypophysectomy)

A
  • good oral care to prevent dry mouth
  • caution for bacterial infection
  • nasal packing
  • monitor for clear drainage which could indicate CSF leak which could lead to meningitis
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18
Q

possible result of long term steroid use

A
  • osteoporosis

- decreased blood glucose levels

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19
Q

Medications that decrease immune response produce…

A

affects that decrease the secretion of corticotropin releasing hormone

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20
Q

how do you palpate the thyroid?

A
  • behind patient

- below circled cartilage 

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21
Q

What does the parathyroid control?

A
  • Calcium

- vitamin D

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22
Q

what can delay a puberty in adolescents?

A

Anterior pituitary

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23
Q

when we have not eaten in a long time how does our body maintain blood glucose levels?

A

glucagon secreted by the alpha cells in the pancreas

24
Q

why do we never Suddenly stop steroid such as prednisone, glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids etc.

A

Will cause the patient to go into hypovolemjc state 

25
Q

Result of adrenal insufficiency?

A

Bronze skin tone

26
Q

How are elevated potassium levels treated?

A

Kayexalate to decrease potassium levels

27
Q

adrenal insufficiency‘s affect on hematocrit 

A

Could increase hematocrit

28
Q

What is Cushing syndrome

A

Elevated glucocorticoid levels

29
Q

Result of adrenal gland removal

A

Adrenal insufficiency

30
Q

result of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis

A

Autoimmune response

31
Q

Symptom of hyperthyroidism

A

Insomnia

32
Q

First sign of airway issue post thyroidectomy

A

Change in voice tone 

33
Q

Signs and symptoms of myxedema

A

constipation, dry core skin, decreased heart rate, coarse hair, facial puffiness, peri orbital edema 

34
Q

signs and symptoms of Myxedema coma

A

Hypoxia, decreased heart rate, decreased body temperature

35
Q

What is dysuria

A

pain while urinating

36
Q

What is Anuria

A

Lack of urine production

37
Q

What is nocturia

A

Urinating frequently at night

38
Q

What is urinary retention

A

Difficulty urinating and completely emptying the bladder

39
Q

Signs and symptoms of a kidney infection

A

-Fever, chills, nausea and vomiting
-back or flank pain
-tenderness of enlarged kidneys


40
Q

how do you avoid pyelonephritis?

A

Avoidance of frequent UTIs

41
Q

renal impairment labs

A
  • specific gravity- less then 1.005
  • osmolality- less then 250 mOsm/kg
  • altered pH
  • glucose present
42
Q

Why is a bladder scan used?

A

to identify masses, cysts and obstructions within the kidneys

43
Q

Signs and symptoms of acute kidney injury

A
  • decreased GFR, fluid overload, impaired clearance of electrolytes and waste products
  • lethargy
  • stupor
44
Q

what is CKD

A

-progressive, irreversible loss of kidney function

45
Q

CKD & anemia

A

Kidneys cannot make enough EPO, Low EPO causes red blood cell count to decrease

46
Q

Kayexalate

A

Increase fecal elimination of potassium

47
Q

Lasix

A

Diuretic, used to treat fluid retention

48
Q

Pyidium

A

Relieve symptoms caused by UTI

49
Q

Risk factors for CKD

A

diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, smoking, recreational drug use, NSAIDs, obesity

50
Q

Signs and symptoms of CKD

A
  • alterations in sodium and fluid balance
  • altered potassium excretion
  • impaired metabolic waste elimination
  • altered calcium and phosphorus
  • decreased acid clearance and bicarbonate production
  • endocrine
51
Q

Polycystic kidney disease

A

-Hypertension, Hematuria, lower back or flank pain, headaches, abdominal pain

52
Q

acute glomerulonrohritis

A
  • proteins, blood, WBC‘s, and casts in urine
  • edema
  • decreased urine output
  • hypertension
  • elevated bun and creatinine
53
Q

Signs and symptoms of kidney stones

A
  • pain
  • nausea and vomiting
  • link Brown red urine
54
Q

Risk factors of bladder cancer

A

-smoking, exposures, certain medications, not enough fluids, race ethnicity

55
Q

BUN normal range

A

6-24 mg/dL, (2.1-8.5 mmoL/L)

56
Q

Normal creatinine levels

A

Male; 0.74-1.35

female;0.59-1.04

Med Surg 1 (1 decks)

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