Exam 3 Flashcards
What is the priority for diabetes Insipidus?
-monitor serum sodium levels Bc it tells if treatment of IV fluid replacement is effective
s/s of DI?
Fatigue, Extreme thirst, large urine output, nocturia
Hematocrit levels for DI
Male >49%
Female >44%
Hematocrit for SIADH
male<43%
female< 38%
Serum sodium for DI
> 145
Serum sodium for SIADH
<135
urine-specific gravity for DI
<1.005
urine specific gravity for SIADH
> 1.030
s/s of decreased TSH levels
Weight gain, thin hair, decreased libido
What can adrenal cortex overproduction of corticosteroids hormone cause?
moon face (facial puffiness)
Hyperparathyroid‘s relationship with calcium?
Hypercalcemia
decreased endocrine system as we age causes…
Disturb sleep patterns,Reduced metabolic rate,Lose bone density,Accumulate body fat, show increase in blood glucose
when metabolism goes down…
we feel cold
What is the negative feedback system
Self regulating system
PTH and calicum
How many ml or cc in an oz
About 29.5
How is hypopituitarism medicated?
- electrolyte imbalances
Nursing priority for removal of pituitary tumor (transsphenoidal hypophysectomy)
- good oral care to prevent dry mouth
- caution for bacterial infection
- nasal packing
- monitor for clear drainage which could indicate CSF leak which could lead to meningitis
possible result of long term steroid use
- osteoporosis
- decreased blood glucose levels
Medications that decrease immune response produce…
affects that decrease the secretion of corticotropin releasing hormone
how do you palpate the thyroid?
- behind patient
- below circled cartilage 
What does the parathyroid control?
- Calcium
- vitamin D
what can delay a puberty in adolescents?
Anterior pituitary
when we have not eaten in a long time how does our body maintain blood glucose levels?
glucagon secreted by the alpha cells in the pancreas
why do we never Suddenly stop steroid such as prednisone, glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids etc.
Will cause the patient to go into hypovolemjc state 
Result of adrenal insufficiency?
Bronze skin tone
How are elevated potassium levels treated?
Kayexalate to decrease potassium levels
adrenal insufficiency‘s affect on hematocrit 
Could increase hematocrit
What is Cushing syndrome
Elevated glucocorticoid levels
Result of adrenal gland removal
Adrenal insufficiency
result of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis
Autoimmune response
Symptom of hyperthyroidism
Insomnia
First sign of airway issue post thyroidectomy
Change in voice tone 
Signs and symptoms of myxedema
constipation, dry core skin, decreased heart rate, coarse hair, facial puffiness, peri orbital edema 
signs and symptoms of Myxedema coma
Hypoxia, decreased heart rate, decreased body temperature
What is dysuria
pain while urinating
What is Anuria
Lack of urine production
What is nocturia
Urinating frequently at night
What is urinary retention
Difficulty urinating and completely emptying the bladder
Signs and symptoms of a kidney infection
-Fever, chills, nausea and vomiting
-back or flank pain
-tenderness of enlarged kidneys

how do you avoid pyelonephritis?
Avoidance of frequent UTIs
renal impairment labs
- specific gravity- less then 1.005
- osmolality- less then 250 mOsm/kg
- altered pH
- glucose present
Why is a bladder scan used?
to identify masses, cysts and obstructions within the kidneys
Signs and symptoms of acute kidney injury
- decreased GFR, fluid overload, impaired clearance of electrolytes and waste products
- lethargy
- stupor
what is CKD
-progressive, irreversible loss of kidney function
CKD & anemia
Kidneys cannot make enough EPO, Low EPO causes red blood cell count to decrease
Kayexalate
Increase fecal elimination of potassium
Lasix
Diuretic, used to treat fluid retention
Pyidium
Relieve symptoms caused by UTI
Risk factors for CKD
diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, smoking, recreational drug use, NSAIDs, obesity
Signs and symptoms of CKD
- alterations in sodium and fluid balance
- altered potassium excretion
- impaired metabolic waste elimination
- altered calcium and phosphorus
- decreased acid clearance and bicarbonate production
- endocrine
Polycystic kidney disease
-Hypertension, Hematuria, lower back or flank pain, headaches, abdominal pain
acute glomerulonrohritis
- proteins, blood, WBC‘s, and casts in urine
- edema
- decreased urine output
- hypertension
- elevated bun and creatinine
Signs and symptoms of kidney stones
- pain
- nausea and vomiting
- link Brown red urine
Risk factors of bladder cancer
-smoking, exposures, certain medications, not enough fluids, race ethnicity
BUN normal range
6-24 mg/dL, (2.1-8.5 mmoL/L)
Normal creatinine levels
Male; 0.74-1.35
female;0.59-1.04
