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Ed Psych > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a crisis?

A

A crisis is when an individual experiences a psychological challenge

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2
Q

List the 8 stages in order for Erkison

A 
Trust (pos) vs. Mistrust (Neg)
Autonomy vs. Shame & Doubt 
Initiative vs. Guilt
Industry vs. Inferiority 
Identity vs. Role Confusion
Intimacy vs. Isolation
Generativity vs. Stagnation
Integrity vs. Despair
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3
Q

Define Shame in terms of Erikson

A

Informs you of an internal state of inadequacy, unworthiness, dishonor, or regret about which others may or may not be aware of

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4
Q

What is the definition of Autonomy?

A

Personal Independence

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5
Q

What are the age ranges of each Erikson stage?

A 
Trust (pos) vs. Mistrust (Neg) INFANTS
Autonomy vs. Shame & Doubt TODDLERS
Initiative vs. Guilt PRESCHOOL
Industry vs. Inferiority ELEMENTARY
Identity vs. Role Confusion TEENAGE
Intimacy vs. Isolation YOUNG ADULT
Generativity vs. Stagnation MIDDLE AGE
Integrity vs. Despair OLDER AGE
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6
Q

What are the two factors in which an individual navigates a crisis?

A

2 Factors:

  1. ) the individual themselves: temperament, behaviors, identities, etc.
  2. ) How their environment acts and reacts to them: Bronfenbrenner’s systems, Behaviorisms Consequences, Goodness-Of-Fit, etc.
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7
Q

What are the 3 types of value?

A

Intrinsic value
Attainment value
Utility value

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8
Q

What is the math equation for motivation?

A

Motivation = Expectancy x (Value - Cost)

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9
Q

Name the 4 internal factors of expectancy

A

Mindset, goal orientations, attributions, self-efficacy

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10
Q

How do goal orientations and mindsets relate to each other? That is, which mindsets typically set up which goal orientations?

A

Growth: mastery learning, performance approach
Fixed: Performance approach, performance/failure-avoid

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11
Q

What are some examples of cost?

A

time, money, effort, energy… this can vary

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12
Q

What are some examples of external factors of expectancy

A

the -isms… this can vary

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13
Q

What are the 5 goal orientations?

A

Mastery, Performance-Approach, Performance/Failure-Avoid, Social, Work/Effort-Avoid

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14
Q

How does expectancy x (value – cost) affect one’s motivation to learn?

A

if the cost is high then the motivation will be less overall and vice versa

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15
Q

What is culture?

A

Culture is a set of ideas shared within a group

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16
Q

What is scaffolding?

A

Scaffolding is the support used to solve problems

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17
Q

What are the phases of language development?

A

Social, Private, Inner

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18
Q

Give an example of something that acts as both a real and psychological tool that can be used in your future career?

A

A book
Real: It is a real object
Psychological: The words on the page, the language

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19
Q

Explain the difference between Private and Inner Speech

A

Private: talking out loud to oneself
Inner: talking within one’s own head

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20
Q

Autonomy

A

personal independence

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21
Q

Guilt

A

Feeling that I have done a bad thing

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22
Q

Industry

A

Preserving determination to perform a task

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23
Q

Indicative

A

Readiness to embark on bold new ventures

24
Q

Shame

A

Feeling that I am a bad person

25
Q

What are the four internal factors?

acronym

A

G: Goal Orientation
A: Attributions
S: Self Efficacy

V: Value

26
Q

5 Important Ideas

A
  1. people, in general, have the same basic needs
  2. Personal development occurs in response to these needs
  3. Development proceeds in stages
  4. Movement through the stages reflects changes in an individual”s motivation
  5. Each stage is characterized by a psychosocial challenge that presents opportunities for development
27
Q

How to navigate a crisis

A
  1. ) the individual themselves: temperament, behaviors, identities, etc.
  2. ) How their environment acts and reacts to them: Bronfenbrenner’s systems, Behaviorisms Consequences, Goodness-Of-Fit, etc.
28
Q

Peg System

A
  1. Bun
  2. Shoe
  3. Tree
  4. Dinosaur
  5. Dive
  6. Sticks
  7. Heaven
  8. Plate
29
Q

Peg System for Erikson

A
  1. Bun - Rusty Bun
    Trust vs. Mistrust
  2. Shoe - A shoe with wheels… autonomy and Shane is driving the shoe
    Autonomy vs Shame
  3. Tree - Holiday Inn… Initiative with a tree wrapped in a quilt… guilt
    Initiative vs Guilt
  4. Dinosaur - A dinosaur standing on dust… industry the dino is inferior… inferiority
    Industry vs Inferiority
  5. Dive - Diver dent… Identity a car
    Identity vs ID Confusion
  6. Sticks - Intimate… Intimacy sticks and one lonely stick
    Intimacy vs Isolation
  7. Heaven - A stag… Stagnation running heaven’s generator… Generativity
    Generativity vs Stagnation
  8. Plate - Grits… Integrity and a pear… despair
    Integrity vs Despair
30
Q

Mindset

A

Growth

Fixed

31
Q

Goal Orientations

A
  1. Master
  2. Performance - Approach
  3. Performance/Failure-Avoid
  4. Social
32
Q

Self-Efficacy

A

one’s belief about one’s own ability/competency to do a specific thing (projecting into future)

33
Q

Attributions

A

one’s belief about the causes of success or failure (for past and present events)

34
Q

3 Dimensions:

A
  • Internal or external
  • Controllable or uncontrollable (by oneself) MOST IMPORTANT
  • Unstable/changeable or stable/unchangeable (by any factor)
35
Q

Macrosystem level

A
  • explicit and implicit policies, structures, rules, that are
  • Systemic racist, systemic sexism, albeit more, white privilege, hetero-normative, anti-gay, trans, etc.
36
Q

Micro/exo/meso levels

A
  • how these macrosystem levels are implemented in schools, work, etc.
  • microaggressions, “Driving, hiking, etc. while Black”, expectations of Teachers, Staff, parents, peers
37
Q

Intrinsic

A
  • Pleasurable for its own sake
  • Curiosity
  • Enjoyment
38
Q

Utility

A
  • useful to reach your goals

- And to please others

39
Q

Attainment

A
  • the importance of success for your identity and self-worth
  • Part if your identity
  • The activity is part of your “personhood”
40
Q

Cost

A
  • Things you may lose by doing the task
  • Time
  • Effort
  • Money
  • Other things you could be doing instead
  • Not desirable behavior (in your culture/microsystem)
41
Q

Expectancy

A

your belief about your chances of success (or failure) at the task

42
Q

Cost

A

things you may lose by doing the task

is subtraction so Cost decreases the Value.

43
Q

4 internal factors related to expectancy

A
  • Attributions
  • Goal orientation
  • Self efficiency
  • Value
44
Q

3 types of Value

A
  • Utility
  • Intrinsic
  • Attainment
45
Q

What are some costs?

A
  • Time
  • Money
  • Effort
46
Q

Real tools

A

anything tangible which a culture uses as an implement to accomplish something

47
Q

Psychological tools:

A

anything that has a symbolic meaning, LANGUAGE is the most prominent one

48
Q

Why are cultural tools important?

A

they make things faster and easier

49
Q

Phases of language development

A

Social Speech

50
Q

Social Speech

A
  • Others to person
  • Person to others
  • Guide others’ behavior
  • Only type of speech in infancy/early childhood
  • Continues throughout the life
51
Q

Private Speech

A
  • Talking to oneself out loud
  • Development at end of toddlerhood
  • Continues throughout life, but not all the time
  • Critical for development of thought
  • Guides thoughts and behaviors
52
Q

Inner Speech (Thinking)

A
  • “Talking” within one’s own head
  • Develops in preschool years
  • Becomes predominant from early elementary
  • Continues (hopefully) throughout life
53
Q

5 Ideas Halle’s Thing

A
  1. Basic Needs - Bathroom
  2. Personal Development - Everyone goes randomly
  3. Stages - Eat, breakdown, poop out
  4. Movement / Motivation - Bowel Movement
  5. Each stage psychosocial - Bathroom Trips get Weird
54
Q

Crisis = Psychological Challenge

A

Crazy Brain

NEVER OVERCOME

55
Q

What are the external factors for expectancy?

A

isms

Ed Psych (2 decks)

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