Exam 3 Flashcards
What is a crisis?
A crisis is when an individual experiences a psychological challenge
List the 8 stages in order for Erkison
Trust (pos) vs. Mistrust (Neg) Autonomy vs. Shame & Doubt Initiative vs. Guilt Industry vs. Inferiority Identity vs. Role Confusion Intimacy vs. Isolation Generativity vs. Stagnation Integrity vs. Despair
Define Shame in terms of Erikson
Informs you of an internal state of inadequacy, unworthiness, dishonor, or regret about which others may or may not be aware of
What is the definition of Autonomy?
Personal Independence
What are the age ranges of each Erikson stage?
Trust (pos) vs. Mistrust (Neg) INFANTS Autonomy vs. Shame & Doubt TODDLERS Initiative vs. Guilt PRESCHOOL Industry vs. Inferiority ELEMENTARY Identity vs. Role Confusion TEENAGE Intimacy vs. Isolation YOUNG ADULT Generativity vs. Stagnation MIDDLE AGE Integrity vs. Despair OLDER AGE
What are the two factors in which an individual navigates a crisis?
2 Factors:
- ) the individual themselves: temperament, behaviors, identities, etc.
- ) How their environment acts and reacts to them: Bronfenbrenner’s systems, Behaviorisms Consequences, Goodness-Of-Fit, etc.
What are the 3 types of value?
Intrinsic value
Attainment value
Utility value
What is the math equation for motivation?
Motivation = Expectancy x (Value - Cost)
Name the 4 internal factors of expectancy
Mindset, goal orientations, attributions, self-efficacy
How do goal orientations and mindsets relate to each other? That is, which mindsets typically set up which goal orientations?
Growth: mastery learning, performance approach
Fixed: Performance approach, performance/failure-avoid
What are some examples of cost?
time, money, effort, energy… this can vary
What are some examples of external factors of expectancy
the -isms… this can vary
What are the 5 goal orientations?
Mastery, Performance-Approach, Performance/Failure-Avoid, Social, Work/Effort-Avoid
How does expectancy x (value – cost) affect one’s motivation to learn?
if the cost is high then the motivation will be less overall and vice versa
What is culture?
Culture is a set of ideas shared within a group
What is scaffolding?
Scaffolding is the support used to solve problems
What are the phases of language development?
Social, Private, Inner
Give an example of something that acts as both a real and psychological tool that can be used in your future career?
A book
Real: It is a real object
Psychological: The words on the page, the language
Explain the difference between Private and Inner Speech
Private: talking out loud to oneself
Inner: talking within one’s own head
Autonomy
personal independence
Guilt
Feeling that I have done a bad thing
Industry
Preserving determination to perform a task
Indicative
Readiness to embark on bold new ventures
Shame
Feeling that I am a bad person
What are the four internal factors?
acronym
G: Goal Orientation
A: Attributions
S: Self Efficacy
V: Value
5 Important Ideas
- people, in general, have the same basic needs
- Personal development occurs in response to these needs
- Development proceeds in stages
- Movement through the stages reflects changes in an individual”s motivation
- Each stage is characterized by a psychosocial challenge that presents opportunities for development
How to navigate a crisis
- ) the individual themselves: temperament, behaviors, identities, etc.
- ) How their environment acts and reacts to them: Bronfenbrenner’s systems, Behaviorisms Consequences, Goodness-Of-Fit, etc.
Peg System
- Bun
- Shoe
- Tree
- Dinosaur
- Dive
- Sticks
- Heaven
- Plate
Peg System for Erikson
- Bun - Rusty Bun
Trust vs. Mistrust - Shoe - A shoe with wheels… autonomy and Shane is driving the shoe
Autonomy vs Shame - Tree - Holiday Inn… Initiative with a tree wrapped in a quilt… guilt
Initiative vs Guilt - Dinosaur - A dinosaur standing on dust… industry the dino is inferior… inferiority
Industry vs Inferiority - Dive - Diver dent… Identity a car
Identity vs ID Confusion - Sticks - Intimate… Intimacy sticks and one lonely stick
Intimacy vs Isolation - Heaven - A stag… Stagnation running heaven’s generator… Generativity
Generativity vs Stagnation - Plate - Grits… Integrity and a pear… despair
Integrity vs Despair
Mindset
Growth
Fixed
Goal Orientations
- Master
- Performance - Approach
- Performance/Failure-Avoid
- Social
Self-Efficacy
one’s belief about one’s own ability/competency to do a specific thing (projecting into future)
Attributions
one’s belief about the causes of success or failure (for past and present events)
3 Dimensions:
- Internal or external
- Controllable or uncontrollable (by oneself) MOST IMPORTANT
- Unstable/changeable or stable/unchangeable (by any factor)
Macrosystem level
- explicit and implicit policies, structures, rules, that are
- Systemic racist, systemic sexism, albeit more, white privilege, hetero-normative, anti-gay, trans, etc.
Micro/exo/meso levels
- how these macrosystem levels are implemented in schools, work, etc.
- microaggressions, “Driving, hiking, etc. while Black”, expectations of Teachers, Staff, parents, peers
Intrinsic
- Pleasurable for its own sake
- Curiosity
- Enjoyment
Utility
- useful to reach your goals
- And to please others
Attainment
- the importance of success for your identity and self-worth
- Part if your identity
- The activity is part of your “personhood”
Cost
- Things you may lose by doing the task
- Time
- Effort
- Money
- Other things you could be doing instead
- Not desirable behavior (in your culture/microsystem)
Expectancy
your belief about your chances of success (or failure) at the task
Cost
things you may lose by doing the task
is subtraction so Cost decreases the Value.
4 internal factors related to expectancy
- Attributions
- Goal orientation
- Self efficiency
- Value
3 types of Value
- Utility
- Intrinsic
- Attainment
What are some costs?
- Time
- Money
- Effort
Real tools
anything tangible which a culture uses as an implement to accomplish something
Psychological tools:
anything that has a symbolic meaning, LANGUAGE is the most prominent one
Why are cultural tools important?
they make things faster and easier
Phases of language development
Social Speech
Social Speech
- Others to person
- Person to others
- Guide others’ behavior
- Only type of speech in infancy/early childhood
- Continues throughout the life
Private Speech
- Talking to oneself out loud
- Development at end of toddlerhood
- Continues throughout life, but not all the time
- Critical for development of thought
- Guides thoughts and behaviors
Inner Speech (Thinking)
- “Talking” within one’s own head
- Develops in preschool years
- Becomes predominant from early elementary
- Continues (hopefully) throughout life
5 Ideas Halle’s Thing
- Basic Needs - Bathroom
- Personal Development - Everyone goes randomly
- Stages - Eat, breakdown, poop out
- Movement / Motivation - Bowel Movement
- Each stage psychosocial - Bathroom Trips get Weird
Crisis = Psychological Challenge
Crazy Brain
NEVER OVERCOME
What are the external factors for expectancy?
isms
