Exam 3 Flashcards
T or F: The periosteal and meningeal dura within the cranial vault are continuous with the dura around the spinal cord.
False
The dural fold (falx) that separates the right and left cerebellum is called the: A. Falx cerebri B. Falx cerebelli C. Tentorium cerebellum C. Diaphragma sellae
B. Falx cerebelli (deep to tentorium cerebellum)
T or F: The transverse sinus drains blood to the confluens sinuum.
False
Which of the following bones forms both the neural cranium and the viscerocranium? A. Frontal B. Ethmoid C. Sphenoid D. Temporal
B. Ethmoid
T or F: The maxillary branch of the trigeminal nerve (CN V2) exits the cranium through the foramen ovale.
False
Which of the following is an exit from the anterior cranial fossa? A. Foramen spinosum B. Superior orbital fissure C. Foramen cecum D. Foramen lacerum
C. Foramen cecum
Which of the following is NOT a motor branch of the facial nerve (CNVII)? A. Temporal B. Zygomaticofacial C. Buccal D. Marginal Mandibular
B. Zygomaticofacial
T or F: Contraction of the occipitofrontalis muscle raises your eyebrows and wrinkles your forehead.
True
Which of the following is NOT a branch of the external carotid artery? A. Facial B. Maxillary C. Angular D. Supratrochlear
D. Supratrochlear
T or F: The major artery supplying the structures in the face is the facial artery.
True
Which of the following muscles is pierced by the parotid duct? A. Masseter B. Buccinator C. Temporalis D. Orbicularis Oris
B. Buccinator
T or F: The submandibular glands are the largest of the paired salivary glands in the face.
False
T or F: The superficial temporal artery is the terminal branch of the external carotid artery.
True
T or F: The temporalis muscle occupies the temporal fossa and attaches superiorly along the superior temporal line of the parietal bone.
False
T or F: The dural folds are created by the separation of the meningeal dura from the periosteal dura.
False
T or F: Dural sinuses are channels created by the separation of the meningeal dura from the periosteal dura.
True
Which of the following is not a dural fold? A. Falx cerebri B. Tentorium cerebelli C. Diaphragm sellae D. Superior sagittal sinus E. Falx cerebelli
D. Superior sagittal sinus
The cavernous sinus (sinus cavernosus) drains into which 2 structures? A. Superior petrosal sinus B. Superficial middle cerebral vein C. Posterior intercavernosus sinus D. Inferior petrosal sinus E. Sphenoparietal sinus F. Sigmoid sinus
A and D
How many bones make up the neural cranium? A. 4 B. 6 C. 8 D. 10
B. 6 “STEP OF 6” Sphenoid Temporal Ethmoidal Parietal Occipital Frontal
Which of the following does NOT form a wall of the orbit? A. Orbital plate of frontal bone B. Orbital plate of vomer bone C. Maxilla D. Zygomatic bone
B. Orbital plate of vomer
Which of the following is NOT one of the layers of the eyeball? A. Cornea B. Sclera C. Uvea D. Retina E. All of the above are layers
E. All of the above are layers
What part of the eye changes size to control how much light enters?
Iris
What part of the eye helps focus an image on the back surface of the eye?
Lens
What part of the eye forms a clear ‘window’ that allows light into the eye?
cornea
What part of the eye is the hole in the center of the iris which dilates in dark conditions?
Pupil
What part of the eye lining prevents light from reflecting all around the eye?
sclera
What part of the eye has no light sensitive cells where the blood vessels and optic nerve joint?
Optic disc or blind spot
A lesion to CN VI would cause the eye to do what?
Since CN VI is the abducens which abducts the eye, the eye will turn inward
Which way do tears move along the eyeball? A. Superior and medial B. Inferior and medial C. Superior and lateral D. Inferior and lateral
B. Inferior and medial
Which sections of the human ear are filled with air? A. Outer ear and middle ear only B. Middle ear and inner ear only C. Outer, middle and inner ears D. Outer ear only
Outer ear and middle ear only
What sends messages from the ear to the brain? A. Ear drum B. Cochlea C. Oval window D. Eustachian tube E. Semi-circular canals F. Auditory Nerve
F. Auditory N.
Cochlea transmits sounds to labyrinth
Semicircular canals help with balance
Eustachian keeps air pressure and fluid from building up inside ear
Ear drum vibrates from sound and sends message to inner ear
Fluid filled structures that help maintain balance: A. Ear drum B. Cochlea C. Oval window D. Semi-circular canals E. Eustachian tube F. Auditory n.
D. Semi-circular canals
Allows air to flow to equalize pressure on either side of the ear drum: A. Cochlea B. Oval Window C. Semi-circular canals D. Eustachian tube E. Auditory n
D. Eustachian tube
Separates the middle and inner ears: A. Ear drum B. Cochlea C. Oval Window D. Semi-circular canals E. Eustachian tube
C. Oval Window
Fluid filled structure that passes vibrations to a layer of tiny hairs: A. Ear drum B. Cochlea C. Eustachian tube D. Semi-circular canals
B. Cochlea
Separates outer and middle ears, and vibrates in response to sounds: A. Ear drum B. Cochlea C. Eustachian tube D. Oval window
A. Ear drum
The bony labyrinth of the inner ear is located within which bone? A. Temporal bone B. Squamous part of the temporal bone C. Petrous part of the temporal bone D. Mastoid part of the temporal bone
C. Petrous part of the temporal bone
What constitutes the posterior boundaries of the face? A. Hairline B. Chin C. Ears D. Angle of jaw
C. Ears
T or F: The muscles of the face are ALL supplied by the facial nerve CNVII
True!
Which of the following is NOT one of the 5 branches of the facial nerve within the parotid gland? A. Temporal B. Zygomatic C. Buccal D. Maxillary E. Cervical
D. Maxillary
MANDIBLE not Maxillary
T or F: The parotid gland is the largest of the paired salivary glands.
True!
Which of the following is NOT one of the four muscles of mastication? A. Masseter B. Medial pterygoid C. Buccinator D. Lateral pterygoid E. Temporalis
C. Buccinator
ASSISTANT muscle of mastication - helps neonates to suckle
T or F: The muscles of mastication are all supplied by the mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve (CN V3).
True!
Which of the following is NOT true about the pharynx?
A. It is a muscular tube that extends from the base of the skull to the esophagus
B. It has 3 sections - naso, -oro, and laryngo-
C. It has 3 constrictions - upper, middle and lower
D. It is open posteriorly to nasal and oral cavities, and larynx
D. It is open ANTERIORLY not posteriorly
The junction of the frontal, sphenoid, parietal, and temporal bones form the pterion, which is behind the zygomatic arch. A skull fracture in this area has the potential to damage intracranial blood flow. Which intracranial artery is directly behind the pterion?
Middle meningeal artery; bleeding can lead to extradural hematoma
T or F: The eyeball is positioned in the orbit to allow us to look straight ahead.
False; if it was we would be looking away from the midline
Why is the levator palpebrae superioris important for eye movements?
Lifts the eyelid in a superior direction when the eyeball is elevated. Otherwise we would just see the back of our eyelid
What 3 nerves innervate the eye muscles?
Trochlear (CN IV) - superior oblique
Occulomotor (CN III) - superior rectus; inferior rectus; medial rectus; inferior oblique
Abducens (CN VI) - lateral rectus
T or F: The central retinal artery is a branch of the opthalamic artery.
Why is this important?
True! It is the artery seen on an opthalmoscopic exam and provides a window to the state of arterial and venous systems. Also gives glimpse at intracranial hypertension by the shape of the optic nerve and disc
Where does the venous drainage from the orbit and eyeball proceed? Why is this important?
In general, the superior portion of the eye drains into the cavernous sinus. The inferior portion drains into the pterygoid plexus
Important because drainage from the orbit may serve as a route for infection inside the cranial cavity
Where is the inner ear located?
In the temporal bone; roughly located by the internal acoustic meatus
Which nerves enter the internal acoustic meatus?
Facial Nerve CNVII
Vestibulocochlear nerve CN VIII
The temporal bone encases the inner ear. What are the inner ear components?
Semicircular canals and cochlea
What is another name for the pharyngotympanic tube? What is it’s function?
Eustachian tube; it establishes atmospheric equilibrium with the middle ear and out environment
What sensory nerve innervates the organs of balance in the ear? Why are the organs arranged at 90 degree angles?
Vestibular branch of the vestibulocochlear n.
They form 3 planes x, y, and z that gives our brains a sense of orientation of the x, y and z axes
How does bony transmission of sound occur?
Vibration of the bone will still cause movement of air within the vestibule and vibrate the cochlea itself
What does the stapedius muscle do? What nerve innervates it?
Connects stapes and cochlea
Innervated by the mandibular branch of the facial nerve VII;
It decreases oscillation of the stapes at the oval window
What is the function of the tensor tympani muscle? What nerve innervates it?
connectes to the malleolus at the tympanic membrane; tenses the tympanic membrane to decrease the effect of loud noises
Innervated by the mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve
With a smile, what do facial muscles and the buccal fat pad create on your facial features?
Dimples!
Which cranial nerve innervates all of the facial muscles?
Facial Nerve CNVII
ALL motor EXCEPT mandibular branch!
What are the muscles of mastication? Which nerve controls these muscles?
Temporalis Medial Pterygoid Lateral Pterygoid Masseter "Tom Makes Lo Mein"
Mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve (ONLY motor branch of the trigeminal nerve)
What are the 5 branches of the facial nerve?
"To Zanzabar By Manmade Car" Temporal Zygomatic Buccal Mandibular Cranial
