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PSY-150 > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Define CHROMOSOME

A

Inherited threadlike structures composed of DNA

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2
Q

Define

DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY

A

A field of study that examines age-related physical, cognitive, and socioemotional changes across a life span

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3
Q

Define

CRITICAL PERIOD

A

Specific time frame in which an organism is sensitive to environmental factors, and certain behaviors and abilities are readily shaped or altered by events or experiences.

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4
Q

How many chromosomes?

A

46

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5
Q

What is significant about the 23rd pair of chromosomes?

A

It’s the sex chromosome

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6
Q

Difference between genotype and phenotype?

A

Genotype - inherited traits

Phenotype- characteristics that are caused by external factors or environment

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7
Q

Germinal period?

A

1-2 weeks

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8
Q

Embryonic period?

A

3-8 weeks

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9
Q

Fetal period?

A

9-37 weeks

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10
Q

Full term?

A

37-40 weeks

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11
Q

Define TERATOGENS

A

Environmental agents that can damage the growing zygote, embryo, or fetus.

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12
Q

Symptoms of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome ?

A

intellectual disability, poor growth, heart problems, growth delay

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13
Q

What is the sensorimotor stage?

A

Discovering the world through senses

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14
Q

What is the preoperational stage?

A

Discovering the world through language

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15
Q

What is egocentrism?

A

Only able to imagine the world from your perspective

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16
Q

What is conservation?

A

The short stout glass next to tall skinny glass. Around 2-7.

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17
Q

What is the Concrete operational stage?

A

Children think more logically but not abstractly. Around 7.

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18
Q

What is the formal operational stage?

A

Children can think more logically, systematically, and abstractly. Around 11 if at all.

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19
Q

What is a schema?

A

A collection of ideas that serves as a building block of understanding

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20
Q

What is assimilation? (referring to schema)

A

Using existing knowledge and ideas to understand new information and experiences. Calling a “cow” a “dog” because it’s furry and has 4 legs.

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21
Q

What is an accommodation? (referring to schema)

A

Modifying existing ideas to understand new information. (Time to call a “cow” a “cow”)

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22
Q

What did Harlow’s monkeys demonstrate?

A

That baby monkeys liked the soft monkey more than the “bony” one that only gave them milk. They preferred “comfort Mommy” to “food Mommy.”

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23
Q

Temperament: What is the “easy” temperament?

A

The happy babies Easy to soothe, follow regular schedules, adjust to changes in environment. 40%

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24
Q

Temperament: What is the “difficult” temperament?

A

Cranky baby. Doesn’t want to be soothed, won’t sleep, hard to adjust to changes in environment. 10%.

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25
Q

Temperament: What is “slow to warm up” temperament?

A

Not as irritable as difficult temperament, but takes some time to adapt to change. (15%)

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26
Q

Attachment: Secure attachment?

A

Easily soothed, happy near parents

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27
Q

Attachment: Avoidant Attachment?

A

Didn’t care if mom was there or not. Emotionless.

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28
Q

Attachment: Ambivalent attachment?

A

Very focused on mothers, want to be held, but unable to be soothed. Angry with Mom, not wanting to go back to play.

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29
Q

How does APA define GENDER?

A

masculinity and femininity based on social, cultural, and psychological characteristics.

30
Q

How does APA define GENDER IDENTITY?

A

The feeling or sense of being male or female and the compatibility, contentment, and conformity with one’s gender.

31
Q

How does APA define SEX?

A

Biological status

32
Q

How does APA define TRANSGENDER?

A

People whose gender identity and expression do not match the gender assigned to them at birth.

33
Q

Define GENDER ROLES

A

The collection of actions, beliefs, and characteristics that a culture associates with masculinity and femininity.

34
Q

Aging minds: Difference between crystallized and fluid intelligence?

A

Fluid is thinking abstractly and creating associations. Crystalized is knowledge gained through learning and experience.

35
Q

What is self-actualization?

A

To reach full potential

36
Q

What is self-transcendence?

A

To go beyond our own needs to help others to reach ecstasy

37
Q

What does the lateral hypothalamus do?

A

Increases appetite

38
Q

What does the ventromedial hypothalamus do?

A

Appetite declines

39
Q

What does leptin do?

A

suppresses hunger

40
Q

What does insulin do?

A

controls glucose in the bloodstream

41
Q

What does ghrelin do?

A

Hunger hormone

42
Q

What percentage of people are overweight or obese?

A

Men- 37% >25 BMI

Women- 38% >30 BMI

43
Q

What are display rules?

A

framework or guidelines for how an emotion is expressed

44
Q

What is facial feedback hypothesis?

A

fake it til you make it

45
Q

define social psychology. How is it different than sociology?

A

Study of how individuals behave in relation to others. Sociology examines the groups themselves.

46
Q

What is social cognition?

A

The way we think about others and use it in our lives consciously and unconsciously

47
Q

How do we use attributions in social cognition?

A

Our beliefs and assumptions about why people do the things they do

48
Q

What is the fundamental attribution error?

A

When we overestimate how much the individual caused it and underestimate how situational factors contributed

49
Q

What is just-world hypothesis?

A

You did it to yourself

50
Q

What is self-serving bias?

A

The tendency for people to attribute their success to how amazing THEY are

51
Q

What is false-consensus bias?

A

The tendency for people to overestimate how much the rest of the world thinks like them

52
Q

Define “attitude”

A

Relatively stable thoughts, feelings, and responses one has toward people, situations, ideas, and things.

53
Q

Define “cognitive dissonance”

A

Tensions that occur when behaviors don’t align with attitudes.

54
Q

What is social influence?

A

How a person is affected by others

55
Q

What is persuasion?

A

Trying to get people to change their attitudes or beliefs and therefore their behaviors

56
Q

Define COMPLIANCE

A

Changes in behavior at the request of another person that doesn’t really have any authority

57
Q

What is “foot in the door” technique?

A

Frog in the water

58
Q

What is “door in the face” technique?

A

Large request followed by a small request

59
Q

What is the Asch study?

A

The lines to see if they’d conform or not

60
Q

What are “norms”

A

The social standards

61
Q

Difference between informational social influence and normative social influence

A

Informational- we want to be correct like everyone else

Social- We want to “fit in” like everyone else

62
Q

Milgrams’sstudy

A

shock study

63
Q

what is social facilitation?

A

Tendency for the presence of others to improve personal performance when a task is uncomplicated and a person is relatively prepared

64
Q

What is social loafing?

A

Tendanc;y for no one to try when no one person is really going to get credit

65
Q

what is the diffusion of responsibility?

A

Sharing responsibility among a group can lead to feelings of decreased accountability and motivation.

66
Q

What is deindividuation?

A

lessened sense of personal responsibility, inhibition, or social norms that occur when group members aren’t treated as individuals.

67
Q

What is ethnocentrism?

A

Seeing the world only from the perspective of one’s own group

68
Q

What is discrimination?

A

Showing hostility or favoritism to others because of their affiliation with a group

69
Q

What is prejudice?

A

Holding hostile or negative attitudes toward an individual or group

70
Q

What is stereotype threat?

A

A “situational threat” in which individuals are aware of others negative expectations, which leads to a fear of being judged or treated as inferior

PSY-150 (2 decks)

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