exam 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

Anion –

A

Atom in a molecule that gains an electron through bonding

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2
Q

Cation –

A

Atom in a molecule that loses an electron through bonding

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3
Q

Frenkel Defect –

A

A cation vacancy paired with a cation interstitial (could also describe
anion, but it is rarer for anions)

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4
Q

Schottky Defect –

A

A cation vacancy paired with an anion vacancy

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5
Q

Stoichiometry –

A

Describes the ratio of anions to cations in a crystal structure

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6
Q

Viscosity –

A

Measure of a glassy material’s resistance to deformation

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7
Q

Polymer –

A

Large chain of repeating units with same chemical makeup

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8
Q

Mer –

A

Single unit of polymer

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9
Q

Monomer –

A

A mer that exists on its own

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10
Q

Isomer –

A

A molecule with the same chemical formula but different arrangement

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11
Q

Copolymer –

A

Polymer with more than one type of mer

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12
Q

Thermoplastic –

A

Polymer can break apart during heating

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13
Q

Thermosetting –

A

Polymer is permanently set upon cooldown

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14
Q

Elastomer –

A

Totally elastic type of polymer

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15
Q

Particle Reinforced –

A

Large particles in a matrix

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16
Q

Fiber Reinforced –

A

Long fibers in a matrix

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17
Q

Cement –

A

Ceramic that mixes with water then hardens

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18
Q

Concrete –

A

Composite made with cement, sand, gravel, water

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19
Q

Oxidation –

A

Element gives up electron

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20
Q

Reduction –

A

Element gains electron

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21
Q

Anode –

A

Metal where oxidation occurs

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22
Q

Cathode –

A

Metal where reduction occurs

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23
Q

Uniform –

A

All corrosion happens equally across the entire surface

24
Q

Galvanic –

A

Two different metals are exposed to an electrolyte (think salt water), and
electrons travel from one metal, through the electrolyte, to the other metal

25
Q

Crevice –

A

corrosion is local to a crevice between two faces

26
Q

Pitting –

A

Similar to crevice corrosion, caused by defects in the material

27
Q

Intergranular –

A

Corrosion happens along grain boundaries

28
Q

Selective Leaching –

A

One metal in an alloy corrodes faster than the other

29
Q

Erosion –

A

Fluid with ions continuously flows over a surface, as electrons are stolen, and
ions become neutral, new ions replace them with flow

30
Q

Stress corrosion –

A

the combination of the two causes failure quicker

31
Q

Hydrogen embrittlement (not technically corrosion) –

A

hydrogen ions insert themselves in

the material structure, which weakens it

32
Q

Conductor –

A

Material that easily conducts electricity

33
Q

Insulator –

A

Material that resists electric current

34
Q

Electron drift velocity –

A

How quickly an electron moves through an electric field

35
Q

Band gap –

A

Range of energy values an electron cannot possess

36
Q

Intrinsic semiconductor –

A

No intentional impurities, high resistivity

37
Q

Extrinsic semiconductor –

A

Intentional impurities change the material’s ability to conduct
electricity

38
Q

N-type –

A

Impurities that produce extra electrons

39
Q

P-type –

A

Impurities that produce extra holes for electrons

40
Q

Capacitance –

A

Ability to store electric charge across a distance

41
Q

Piezoelectricity –

A

External force on a ceramic creates electric field

42
Q

Heat capacity –

A

Ratio of energy added to material to change in temperature

43
Q

Phonon –

A

A way to describe the wave of atomic displacement due to vibrations

44
Q

Thermal conductivity –

A

Rate at which heat passes through a distance

45
Q

Thermal expansion –

A

Volume of a material increases with temperature

46
Q

Thermal stresses/shock –

A

Expansion due to temperature causes stress on a restrained

material

47
Q

Diamagnetic –

A

Magnetism that only exists when an external field is applied

48
Q

Ferrimagnetic –

A

Ceramics that have permanent magnetization

49
Q

Ferromagnetic –

A

Permanent magnetic moment without external force

50
Q

Magnetic Moment –

A

Moment that occurs due to motion of electrons

51
Q

Paramagnetic –

A

Exists due to permanent dipoles

52
Q

Absorption –

A

Energy from a photon is absorbed by an electron

53
Q

Color –

A

Wavelength of light emitted from an electron moving to a lower energy state

54
Q

Reflection –

A

Light is reflected at the surface

55
Q

Refraction –

A

Transmitted light experiences change in velocity and is bent

56
Q

Transmission –

A

Light passes through a solid