exam 3

Question 1

Anion –

Answer 1

Atom in a molecule that gains an electron through bonding

Question 2

Cation –

Answer 2

Atom in a molecule that loses an electron through bonding

Question 3

Frenkel Defect –

Answer 3

A cation vacancy paired with a cation interstitial (could also describe
anion, but it is rarer for anions)

Question 4

Schottky Defect –

Answer 4

A cation vacancy paired with an anion vacancy

Question 5

Stoichiometry –

Answer 5

Describes the ratio of anions to cations in a crystal structure

Question 6

Viscosity –

Answer 6

Measure of a glassy material’s resistance to deformation

Question 7

Polymer –

Answer 7

Large chain of repeating units with same chemical makeup

Question 8

Mer –

Answer 8

Single unit of polymer

Question 9

Monomer –

Answer 9

A mer that exists on its own

Question 10

Isomer –

Answer 10

A molecule with the same chemical formula but different arrangement

Question 11

Copolymer –

Answer 11

Polymer with more than one type of mer

Question 12

Thermoplastic –

Answer 12

Polymer can break apart during heating

Question 13

Thermosetting –

Answer 13

Polymer is permanently set upon cooldown

Question 14

Elastomer –

Answer 14

Totally elastic type of polymer

Question 15

Particle Reinforced –

Answer 15

Large particles in a matrix

Question 16

Fiber Reinforced –

Answer 16

Long fibers in a matrix

Question 17

Cement –

Answer 17

Ceramic that mixes with water then hardens

Question 18

Concrete –

Answer 18

Composite made with cement, sand, gravel, water

Question 19

Oxidation –

Answer 19

Element gives up electron

Question 20

Reduction –

Answer 20

Element gains electron

Question 21

Anode –

Answer 21

Metal where oxidation occurs

Question 22

Cathode –

Answer 22

Metal where reduction occurs

Question 23

Uniform –

Answer 23

All corrosion happens equally across the entire surface

Question 24

Galvanic –

Answer 24

Two different metals are exposed to an electrolyte (think salt water), and
electrons travel from one metal, through the electrolyte, to the other metal

Question 25

Crevice –

Answer 25

corrosion is local to a crevice between two faces

Question 26

Pitting –

Answer 26

Similar to crevice corrosion, caused by defects in the material

Question 27

Intergranular –

Answer 27

Corrosion happens along grain boundaries

Question 28

Selective Leaching –

Answer 28

One metal in an alloy corrodes faster than the other

Question 29

Erosion –

Answer 29

Fluid with ions continuously flows over a surface, as electrons are stolen, and ions become neutral, new ions replace them with flow

Question 30

Stress corrosion –

Answer 30

the combination of the two causes failure quicker

Question 31

Hydrogen embrittlement (not technically corrosion) –

Answer 31

hydrogen ions insert themselves in | the material structure, which weakens it

Question 32

Conductor –

Answer 32

Material that easily conducts electricity

Question 33

Insulator –

Answer 33

Material that resists electric current

Question 34

Electron drift velocity –

Answer 34

How quickly an electron moves through an electric field

Question 35

Band gap –

Answer 35

Range of energy values an electron cannot possess

Question 36

Intrinsic semiconductor –

Answer 36

No intentional impurities, high resistivity

Question 37

Extrinsic semiconductor –

Answer 37

Intentional impurities change the material’s ability to conduct electricity

Question 38

N-type –

Answer 38

Impurities that produce extra electrons

Question 39

P-type –

Answer 39

Impurities that produce extra holes for electrons

Question 40

Capacitance –

Answer 40

Ability to store electric charge across a distance

Question 41

Piezoelectricity –

Answer 41

External force on a ceramic creates electric field

Question 42

Heat capacity –

Answer 42

Ratio of energy added to material to change in temperature

Question 43

Phonon –

Answer 43

A way to describe the wave of atomic displacement due to vibrations

Question 44

Thermal conductivity –

Answer 44

Rate at which heat passes through a distance

Question 45

Thermal expansion –

Answer 45

Volume of a material increases with temperature

Question 46

Thermal stresses/shock –

Answer 46

Expansion due to temperature causes stress on a restrained | material

Question 47

Diamagnetic –

Answer 47

Magnetism that only exists when an external field is applied

Question 48

Ferrimagnetic –

Answer 48

Ceramics that have permanent magnetization

Question 49

Ferromagnetic –

Answer 49

Permanent magnetic moment without external force

Question 50

Magnetic Moment –

Answer 50

Moment that occurs due to motion of electrons

Question 51

Paramagnetic –

Answer 51

Exists due to permanent dipoles

Question 52

Absorption –

Answer 52

Energy from a photon is absorbed by an electron

Question 53

Color –

Answer 53

Wavelength of light emitted from an electron moving to a lower energy state

Question 54

Reflection –

Answer 54

Light is reflected at the surface

Question 55

Refraction –

Answer 55

Transmitted light experiences change in velocity and is bent

Question 56

Transmission –

Answer 56

Light passes through a solid