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chem 131 > exam 3 > Flashcards

exam 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

The idea/myth that any individual in the US can climb the ladder to success

A

American Dream

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2
Q

“People who live in towns or cities” Class that owns production

A

Bourgeoisie

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3
Q

Assets used to provide goods and services. Materials and people

A

Capital

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4
Q

Synonym for bourgeoisie

A

Capitalist

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5
Q

Rigid social division based on status at birth

A

Castes

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6
Q

Social hierarchy determined by one’s relationship to the means of production

A

Class

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7
Q

Sense of belonging to and identifying with a particular social class.

A

Class identity

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8
Q

language competencies, attitudes, behaviors, and general familiarity with culture and symbols of a particular class

A

Cultural Capital

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9
Q

Term for intersection of class and ethnicity in determining a person’s identity

A

Ethclass

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10
Q

Sense of belonging to or identifying with a class to which one does not belong

A

False consciousness

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11
Q

The technological, economic, and knowledge bases of a society

A

Forces of production

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12
Q

Cultural leadership or domination, Antonio Gramsci

A

Hegemony

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13
Q

Informal power. Rooted in factors such as money, guns, and organization

A

Influence

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14
Q

Inputs such as raw materials and tools that produce things of value to society

A

Means of production

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15
Q

The ability to force others, even if they resist, to carry out your policies

A

Power

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16
Q

Urban propertyless workers who, he felt, stood in opposition to the owners of the means of production

A

Proletariat

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17
Q

How people involved in production relate to each other and to the surplus that they collectively produce

A

Social relations of production

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18
Q

The process by which individuals and groups rank each other socially and differentiate each other in a hierarchy

A

Social stratisfication

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19
Q

The process where Asian Americans were blended in and accepted by whites in the United States

A

Social whitening

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20
Q

A composite measure based on income, education, and occupation that combines class and status to determine a person’s place in the social ladder

A

Socioeconomic status (SES)

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21
Q

One of Weber’s three dimensions for ranking members in society. Based on the prestige or social esteem that others in the society accord a person

A

Status

22
Q

Total assets a person owns minus debt owed

A

Wealth

23
Q

Selection of candidates to run in an election by direct vote of the electorate

A

Direct Primary

24
Q

Electoral device by which interested citizens can propose legislation through petitions signed by a specified number of registered voters

A

Initiative

25
Q

A political organization to mobilize votes and distribute the benefits of office to its members

A

Machine

26
Q

Basic unit of city-level, political party organization inn the United States. Each containing 200 to 1,000 voters

A

Precinct

27
Q

A provision permitting removal of elected officials before the expiration of their terms if the electorate so votes in a special election

A

Recall

28
Q

An electoral device that permits citizens to decide directly upon proposed legislation

A

Referendum

29
Q

The political division of a city for the purpose of electing members of the city council

A

Ward

30
Q

Observation and tracking of choices and the actors involved

A

Decision Analysis

31
Q

Urban politics is dominated by a relatively small, cohesive elite, primarily from the private business sphere

A

Elitist model of community power

32
Q

Describes urban politics as pluralistic in terms of the individuals or groups represented in decision making, with no one dominant group

A

Pluralist model of community power

33
Q

Research technique involving surveying the opinions of knowledgeable persons in the community about who makes key decisions

A

Reputational analysis

34
Q

The study of the network of relationships among members of a group

A

Sociometry

35
Q

The heart of a North American city, contains most of its income

A

Central business district

36
Q

The smaller central places offer little help to the surrounding areas, while the larger support more area outside the city

A

Central place theory

37
Q

School of thought developed at the University of Chicago

A

Chicago school of sociology

38
Q

Cities consist of zones moving outward from the CBD. The further from the center the richer, and the people in each zone are different groups

A

Concentric zone model

39
Q

The process of people of a higher income moving into places of lower income

A

Gentrification

40
Q

Rundown section of the city, contains little to no money, often the people who are of a similar race

A

Ghetto

41
Q

Area adjacent to and dependent on an urban center

A

Hinterland

42
Q

A measure of absolute racial segregation in housing citywide

A

Index of dissimilarity

43
Q

A measure of relative racial segregation in housing citywide

A

Index of exposure

44
Q

The location, arrangement, and interrelationships between social and physical elements within a city

A

Internal structure of the city

45
Q

Terms that describe the process of social changes in cities.

A

Invasion and succession

46
Q

Transforming a substance into a new product

A

Manufacturing

47
Q

A spatial form with many specialized centers. Not a city or a suburb

A

Multinucleated metropolitan region

48
Q

A view where a city has more than one center as opposed to a CBD

A

Multiple nuclei model

49
Q

The area around a place from which persons travel to the center to purchase goods

A

Range

50
Q

A model that classes hold wedge-shaped sectors from the CBD.

A

Sectoral model

51
Q

A term describing how cities of different sizes and functional types are interdependent

A

System of cities

52
Q

Study of the spatial distribution of people and institutions in cities from a distinctive perspective

A

Urban ecology

chem 131 (2 decks)

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