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Chem 2312 > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

Functional Group: Carboxylic Acid
Reaction Conditions: As an acid, with
NaOH

A

What Happens: Creates an anion w/ Na+, H2O

Alternatives: NaHCO3 (also makes CO2)

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2
Q

Functional Group: Carboxylic Acid

Reaction Conditions: 1) LiAlH4, 2)H3O+

A

What Happens: Completely reduced double bond w/O to 2 H bonds
Alternatives: N/A

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3
Q

Functional Group: Carboxylic Acid

Reaction Conditions: SOCl2

A

What Happens: Converts carboxylic acid to acyl chloride

Alternatives: PCl5

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4
Q

Functional Group: Carboxylic Acid

Reaction Conditions: HA (Acid) and 1° Alcohol

A

What Happens: Converts to an ester (or lactone)

Alternatives: N/A

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5
Q

Functional Group: Carboxylic Acid

Reaction Conditions: 1) NH3 ammonia + 2) Heat

A

What Happens: Converts to an amide + H2O

Alternatives: N/A

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6
Q

Functional Group: Carboxylic Acid

Reaction Conditions: Heat

A

What Happens: Decarboxylation - becomes R’ group and CO2

Alternatives: N/A

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7
Q

Functional Group: Acyl Chloride

Reaction Conditions: H2O

A

What Happens: Converts to carboxylic acid and HCl (hydrolysis)
Alternatives: N/A

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8
Q

Functional Group: Acyl Chloride

Reaction Conditions: Carboxylic acid anion (lost H)

A

What Happens: Converts to anhydride and Cl-

Alternatives: N/A

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9
Q

Functional Group: Acyl Chloride

Reaction Conditions: 1° Alcohol and pyridine

A

What Happens: Converts to an ester, Cl-, and pyr-H+

Alternatives: N/A

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10
Q

Functional Group: Acyl Chloride

Reaction Conditions: R’NHR’’

A

What Happens: Converts to an amide, R’NHR’‘Cl

Alternatives: R’ or R’’ may be H

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11
Q

Functional Group: Acyl Chloride

Reaction Conditions: Benzene, AlCl3

A

What Happens: Conversion to ketones (Friedel-Crafts Acylation)
Alternatives: N/A

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12
Q

Functional Group: Acyl Chloride

Reaction Conditions: 1) LiAlH(t-BuO)3, 2) H3O+

A

What Happens: Converts to an aldehyde

Alternatives: N/A

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13
Q

Functional Group: Acid Anhydride

Reaction Conditions: H2O

A

What Happens: Hydrolysis - Conversion to 2 Carboxylic acids

Alternatives: N/A

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14
Q

Functional Group: Acid Anhydride

Reaction Conditions: 1° Alcohol (R’OH)

A

What Happens: Conversion to an ester and carboxylic acid

Alternatives: N/A

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15
Q

Functional Group: Acid Anhydride

Reaction Conditions: R’NHR’’

A

What Happens: Conversion to an amide and carboxylic acid

Alternatives: R’ or R’’ may be H

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16
Q

Functional Group: Acid Anhydride

Reaction Conditions: Benzene, AlCl3

A

What Happens: Conversion to an aryl ketone, carboxylic acid (Friedel-Crafts acylation)
Alternatives: N/A

17
Q

Functional Group: Esters

Reaction Conditions: H2O, HA

A

What Happens: Hydrolysis - creates craboxylic acid and 1° alcohol
Alternatives: also use OH-, H2O (base catalyzed)

18
Q

Functional Group: Esters

Reaction Conditions: 1° Alcohol with R’’ group

A

What Happens: Conversion to other esters (transesterification) and R’OH 1° Alcohol
Alternatives: N/A

19
Q

Functional Group: Esters

Reaction Conditions: R’‘NHR’’’

A

What Happens: Conversion to amides and 1° Alcohol

Alternatives: R’’ or R’’’ may be H

20
Q

Functional Group: Esters

Reaction Conditions: 2 R’‘MgX, Et2O, H3O+

A

What Happens: Reaction with Grignard Reagents, ends in 3° Alcohol w/ R, R’, R’’ groups
Alternatives: N/A

21
Q

Functional Group: Esters

Reaction Conditions: 1)LiAlH4, 2)H3O+

A

What Happens: Reduction to 1° Alcohol, R-CH2OH

Alternatives: N/A

22
Q

Functional Group: Amides

Reaction Conditions: H3O+, H2O

A

What Happens: Hydrolysis, makes carboxylic acid and lesser substituted amide
Alternatives: use OH- and H2O, makes carboxylic acid anion and a monosubstituted amide. R’, R’’, or R may be H

23
Q

Functional Group: Amides

Reaction Conditions: P4H10, heat (-H2O)

A

What Happens: Dehydration, formation of nitriles

Alternatives: N/A

24
Q

Functional Group: Nitriles

Reaction Conditions: H3O+

A

What Happens: Hydrolysis to carboxylic acid

Alternatives: H2O, OH- makes carboxylate anion

25
Q

Functional Group: Nitriles

Reaction Conditions: 1) DIBAL-H, 2) H2O

A

What Happens: Reduction to an aldehyde

Alternatives: N/A

26
Q

Functional Group: Nitriles

Reaction Conditions: 1) R’MgX, 2) H3O+

A

What Happens: Conversion to a ketone by Grignard reagent or organolithium reagent
Alternatives: R’Li instead of R’MgX

Chem 2312 (3 decks)

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