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Hormones and Behavior > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Polygyny

A

1 male mating with multiple females ( most common in the animal kingdom)

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2
Q

Species with high polygyny

A

Chimpanzees

- Complex social species. Chimp troop consists of up to 100 individuals with 3-4 high ranking males which dominate.

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3
Q

Species with monogamy

A 
Gibbins
Titi monkey (father do more)
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4
Q

Species with high polygamy cont.

A

Gorillas have a polygynous mating system
Alpha male (silverback) with a harem of females
- Males control access to females through
Agression to assert dominance
-Defends access to females(protect from other males)

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5
Q

Size sexual dimorphism and mating systems

A

Greater sex difference in size for species where the mating system is polygamous
- less of a need to females to compete in polygamous systems so they stay small

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6
Q

Sex differences

A

Human men are 10-15% larger
Male Stag beetles
Male Baboons weigh twice as much

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7
Q

Attachment CPP

A

males tend to spend more time in the chamber with a paired females versus a non paired female

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8
Q

Oxytocin

A

released from the posterior pituitary into the general circulatory systems

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9
Q

Prairie vole vs montane vole

A

Prairie voles have more oxytocin receptors

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10
Q

Nucleus Accumbens

A
  1. Drug addiction, dopamine, pleasure etc.
  2. Make subjects spend time with each other, bond.
  3. More oxytocin= more bonded
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11
Q

Copulatory lock

A
  • ejaculate then lock

- allows sperm enough time to get to egg

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12
Q

Activational effects of testosterone

A
  • Testosterone regulates ejaculation

- No testosterone-> no ejaculation

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13
Q

Altrical

A

-vulnerable, underdeveloped, highly dependent on parents

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14
Q

Precocial

A
  • born fully developed/advanced state
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15
Q

Craving

A
  • intense infatuation and fixation on partner
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16
Q

Tolerance

A
  • shift feelings- get less excitement in the relationship
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17
Q

Withdrawal

A

physiological response to a break up/ end of a relationship

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18
Q

Oxytocin receptor antagonist

A

If administered in the nucleus accumbens would spend more time with stranger- prefer the novelty

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19
Q

Appetitive behavior

A
  1. Courtship
  2. Operant
  3. Approach
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20
Q

Bonobo G-G rubbing

A

Mother and Daughter- social behavior/ enhance bond

sexual and social aspects to G-G rubbing

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21
Q

Consumatory behavior

A

engaging in sexual behavior/ including brain regions involved.

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22
Q

4 aspects of consummatory behaviors

A

Copulatory lock
Thrusting
Multiple intromissions
Multiple ejaculations

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23
Q

Genital swelling

A

correlated with the process of ovulation=tells males that reproduction is more likely to occur

24
Q

Sexual partner ( rodent model)

A
  • Lever press for access to a sexual partner

- Runway model- run faster for a sexual partner

25
Q

Castration Sex

A
  • Pre castration- males have sex
  • Castration- sex declines
  • Readministration- sexual behavior gets reinstated
26
Q

Castration for sex offenders?

A
  • Chemical castration, massively limit testes activities

- no before results, participants in prison

27
Q

Hypogonadism

A

HPG does not work effectively, low levels of testosterone
- Treatment: administration : administer testosterone
-(1 group gets t, placebo, higher dose of t)
Men with placebo engage in less sexual behavior
- T works on both appetitive and consummatory behavior

28
Q

Coolidge effect

A
  • Novelty increases sexual behavior in the same rat

- Introduce a new female/ male will ejaculate again

29
Q

Mesolimbic dopamine pathway(VTA-> nucleus accumbent)

A
  1. Involved in sexual reward and desire
  2. Microdialsys showed increase dopamine release when a male is exposed to a female/ but with a barrier. Biggest spike in dopamine occurs during copulation.
30
Q

female from heaven

A
  1. lever pressing is appetitive
    - lesion amygdala, less lever pressing
    - lesion prep-tic nucleus hypothalamus press at the same rate
    - lesion to the hypothalamus decreases consummatory behavior
    - lesions to amygdala no decrease in consummatory
    - castration decrease lever pressing and consummatory behavior
31
Q

The amygdala and hypothalamus

A

have a high density of androgen receptors

32
Q

Coolidge effect

A
  • Female does hop dart and wiggle, male will ejaculate and over and over again
  • After each episode it takes longer and longer
  • Eventually will stop showing responsiveness to female after 5-6
  • However sexual desire and arousal introduced by novel females.
33
Q

Image male brain during ejaculation

A
  • Male lay down, female stimulation to ejaculation

- VTA= ventral tegmental area activated (goes to nucleus acombas) sexual reward

34
Q

Induced ovulation

A

animals that only ovulate when they are having sex

35
Q

receptivity in rats

A

F rats only engage in lordosis in bx estrus
F Rats need flank stimulation to trigger lordosis
Also need estradiol binding to VMM (ventromedial nucleus). This most impo for females
For males most impo medial preoptic nucleus

36
Q

Perceptivity

A

behavior enacted by a female to initiate, maintain, or escalate a sexual interaction.

37
Q

Attractiveness

A

The stimulus value of a female to a potential mate

38
Q

Sexual motivation

A

female’s desire to engage in copulatory activity

39
Q

sexual motivation in rats

A

-Females like to control mating
-Gets more pleasure from pacing than non pacing and no male
Pacing happens bc coolidge effect

40
Q

attractiveness in rats

A

Measure how long it takes for the male run towards
A critical features of why a male runs to run faster is mediated by estradiol and progesterone which causes female to release pheromones

41
Q

Follicular phase

A

-To develop a series of follicles within the ovaries(under developed eggs- cells that need to grow to become eggs)
-Cell burst- release egg
-Hypothalamus release GnRH- pulse release(pulse generation)
-Causes pituitary to release LH and FSH in a pulsicular release
-FSH signals follicles to grow and mature
Usually one egg released through maturation process
As follicles mature they release estradiol
-Estradiol serves a negative feedback loop to stabilize the release of GNRH and FSH/LH

42
Q

Luteal phase

A
  • approximately day 15 to 29 of the cycle (relatively stable length of time)
  • The ruptured follicle becomes the corpus luteum
  • The corpus luteum- primarily going to be producing progesterone
  • Secreting progesterone- to give nutrients(build up) the uterine lining
  • Progesterone levels crash during the late luteal phase- the signal to initiate mensis
43
Q

Birth Control

A

Most common contain( estrogen and progesterone)

If you take high doses of these hormones-> they will suppress the HGP axis through negative feedback system

44
Q

Symmetry

A

-Women show increased preference for symmetry during ovulation
-Fluctuating symmetry is bad
More symmetrical more lifetime sexual partners
-Greater variance in men’s sexual partners compared to women

45
Q

What is the function of symmetry?

A

symmetry= health
Have stronger immune systems
Rate symmetrical faces as healthier

46
Q

The scent of Symmetry: A Human Sex Pheromone that Signals Fitness?

A

FERTILE WOMEN- rate smell of symmetrical men as higher
(women only get access to t-shirt with smell)
Signaler pheromone???

47
Q

Masculinity

A

Researchers: masculinize and feminize the same face
Masculinity is a cue of testosterone- bc testosterone masculinizes the face/body
During ovulation- women prefer masculine to feminine faces
Masculinize and feminize a person’s voice
During ovulation- women prefer masculine to feminine voices
Protective- ensures do not have sex with an under developed male

48
Q

Proceptivity in women

A

-Clothing: quantifying the amount of skin showing
Choice of clothing may feed into proceptivity- not conscious
Subjects asked to draw two different outfits: during ovulation and not during ovulation
-Sexy gait during ovulation
-Strip club experiment:More tips-> men are more attracted to them
Dancing more provocatively when fertile vs non-fertile
Increase in sexual motivation causes an increase in behavior

49
Q

fertility and attractiveness

A

Relationship between age and physical attractiveness
-Men’s attractiveness towards women decreases around 50- which is when menopause occurs.
Maximum fertility around the early 20s
Correlation (very close link ) between fertility and attractiveness

50
Q

sexual motivation in women

A

By looking at sexual behavior ( diary journal recording- report when engage in sexual activity)
Cons: have individuals who avoid trying to have sex during ovulation
Record Masturbation( over course of the cycle)
Cons: Different attitudes towards engaging in this sexual behavior
Sexual fantasy:
Peaking erotic activity during ovulaton

51
Q

Late follicular stage

A

start with estradiol rising. Tells the ovaries follicle is almost ready to burst. There is a switch. From negative hpg control to positive feedback loop
Surge center. Release GnRH is at higher levels (surge). Promote surge in lh/fsh. Lh surge causes ovulation.

52
Q

menstrual cycle days

A

Menses day 1-5
Follicular stage: approx. 6-13
ovulation 14/15
Luteal: 15-29

53
Q

Adaptive function of estrus

A

Increases the likelihood of successful copulation and reproduction

54
Q

Female HPG axis

A

GnRh released from hypothalamus
FSH and LH released from anterior pituitary
to the varies which release estradiol and progesterone

55
Q

menses

A

shed uterine lining out of body

If she does not shed it, in estus, females just absorb the lining

Hormones and Behavior (1 decks)

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