Exam 2016 Flashcards
Of the list below, which ONE of the following produces the most nicotine, carbon monoxide and tar?
A. marijuana (joint) B. a U.S. cigarette C. clove cigarettes (or kreteks) D. bidis (Indian cigarettes) E. chewing tobacco
D. bidis (Indian cigarettes)
Nicotine patches avoid symptoms of acute nicotine withdrawal; it is recommended that these be used with:
A. nicotine gum B. bupropion (Zyban) C. acupuncture D. behavioral modification E. clonidine
D. behavioral modification
Which ONE of the following is an oral product that that has proven to be more effective than bupropion in smoking cessation but has a risk of depression and even suicides?
A. clonidine B. Nicatrol NS C. varenicline (Chantix) D. buprenorphine (Suboxone) E. nicotine lozenge (Commit)
C. varenicline (Chantix)
After lung cancer, the next most common cause of deaths caused by tobacco products in the U.S. is: A. liver disease B. heart disease C. stroke D. cancer of the mouth and throat E. kidney disease
B. heart disease
According to the 2014-2015 NSDUH survey, about what percentage of those 12 y.o. and over had smoked cigarettes in Nebraska in the past month?
A. 3 B. 7 C. 10 D. 27.3 E. 42
D. 27.3%
When considering causes of death in the U.S. in 2000 (JAMA 291:1238-45, 2004), which of the following rank orders is correct (least common cause to most common cause)?
A. tobacco, illicit drugs, alcohol B. alcohol, tobacco, illicit drugs C. tobacco, illicit drugs, alcohol D. illicit drugs, alcohol, tobacco E. illicit drugs, tobacco, alcohol
D. illicit drugs, alcohol, tobacco
Methylphenidate is used medically to treat:
A. amphetamine addiction B. obesity C. narcolepsy D. ADHD E. depressant overdoses
D. ADHD
When compared with cocaine, amphetamines:
A. have a shorter duration of action B. can be used to treat ADHD C. rarely cause heart attacks D. should not be used to treat narcolepsy E. do not seem to cause fetal effects
B. can be used to treat ADHD
“XTC” or “X” are street names for:
A. Benzedrine B. Cat C. Methamphetamine D. crank E. MDMA
E. MDMA
The freebase form of methamphetamine is called A. ice B. Cat C. Dexies D. freeB E. crack
A. ice
Amphetamines exert their effects in the brain by increasing release and blocking metabolism of:
A. acetylcholine B. glutamate C. catecholamines D. GABA E. MDMA
C. catecholamines
When compared with cocaine, methamphetamine is characterized by:
A. more expensive B. shorter binges C. longer half-life D. shorter duration of effect E. less often manufactured in the U.S.
C. longer half-life
Question #: 13
AK is a 33 year-old lawyer who is on a court-ordered diversion program for second-offense DWI. Mandatory drug testing reveals cocaine in the urine. He had nasal surgery two weeks ago and insists that it must have been from that surgery. Your conclusions should most logically be:
A. sounds plausible to me; let him off the hook.
B. probably there is some local anesthetic still in his system that is cross-reacting with the test; I believe him.
C. even if he had had cocaine during the surgery, it should have cleared by now, so he’s in further trouble.
D. he likely got exposed to cocaine through the skin somewhere when he was working with one of his clients; give him the benefit of the doubt.
E. urine drug screens are notoriously inaccurate for the detection of cocaine; many local anesthetics interfere with the test. Take his word for it.
C. even if he had had cocaine during the surgery, it should have cleared by now, so he’s in further trouble.
Research in rats suggests that drugs that increase ______________ levels may reduce cocaine relapses.
A. acetylcholine B. dopamine C. GABA D. catecholamine E. glutamate
E. glutamate
Cocaine exerts its effects on the brain by blocking reuptake of:
A. acetylcholine B. dopamine C. GABA D. nicotine E. glutamate
B. dopamine
Cocaine is used medically as a local anesthetic, especially in nasal surgery. The major reason for this use in nasal surgery is that, unlike other local anesthetics, it can:
A. numb the whole area with local application
B. promote blood flow to the area to hasten healing
C. reduce the heart rate, thus reducing stress to the patient
D. act as a decongestant, helping to clear the sinuses of mucous
E. reduce bleeding during surgery
E. reduce bleeding during surgery
“Crack” cocaine differs from powdered cocaine by:
A. crack is the HCl salt rather than the freebase form found in the powder
B. same HCl salt for both, but crack is cocaine powder made into a paste, then dried in ovens
C. crack is a liquid form
D. crack is the freebase form while powder is the HCl salt
E. crack is the same as powdered cocaine –no difference
D. crack is the freebase form while powder is the HCl salt
Question #: 18
Cocaine use began in about 550 A.D. using which route of administration for the leaves?
A. swallowed
B. rectal
C. smoked
D. chewed
D. chewed
You notice that there are strange smells coming from the house next door, there are surveillance cameras hidden in a birdhouse near the front door, all of the windows are covered with aluminum foil, people whom you do not know come and go at all hours of the day and night, and you see someone carry an LP gas tank into the house with a valve that has turned blue and is very corroded. The most likely contents of the LP gas tank would be:
A. LP gas – they’re likely running a clandestine BBQ
B. nitrous oxide – they’re either running an illegal dental clinic or getting high on nitrous oxide
C. helium – they’re probably inhaling helium to talk funny and make faces at each other
D. anhydrous ammonia – they’re likely running a meth lab
D. anhydrous ammonia – they’re likely running a meth lab
A main reason why an undercover police officer would do multiple purchases of a given drug from a dealer in Omaha would be:
A. to get the dealer to trust him so that he can identify his supplier
B. to get a stock of the drug in the police department that can be used for trades with other dealers
C. to get a cumulative drug buy that exceeds the Federal limit so that he can be sent to Federal prison
D. to supply his friends
E. to get samples over time so that crime lab people can monitor the potency and content of street drugs being sold in Omaha
C. to get a cumulative drug buy that exceeds the Federal limit so that he can be sent to Federal prison
A customer tells you that her 23 year-old son has recently lost a great deal of weight, his teeth are “rotting,” he smells like dirty gym clothes, seems very nervous and sometimes paranoid, and has been stealing things from them. She thinks he is “addicted to something” but does not know what it is. Given this description, he is most likely abusing:
A. Heroin B. "Bath salts" C. Hashish D. Alcohol E. Methamphetamine
E. Methamphetamine
Which of the following is a derivative of methamphetamine that is typically taken orally, has both stimulant and hallucinogenic effects, is a C-I scheduled drug, and can cause tooth grinding and very high fevers?
A. Butane hash oil
B. “Bath salts”
C. K2/Spice
D. Ecstasy/MDMA
D. Ecstasy/MDMA
Which of the following contains MDPV and/or mephodrone, is typically snorted or swallowed and causes stimulant effects like methamphetamine or cocaine?
A. Salvia Divinorum
B. “Bath salts”
C. K2/Spice
D. Ecstasy/MDMA
B. “Bath salts”
Which of the following is referred to as “710”?
A. Hash oil
B. Crystal meth
C. K2/Spice
D. Heroin
A. Hash oil
Which of the following has cannabinoid-like effects (e.g., dry mouth, drowsiness, bloodshot eyes, increased appetite) when smoked?
A. Salvia divinorum
B. “Bath salts”
C. K2/Spice
D. Ecstasy/MDMA
C. K2/Spice
Which of the following would all be part of the medial forebrain bundle in the brain?
A. cerebellum, hypothalamus, frontal cortex
B. pituitary gland, thalamus, nucleus accumbens
C. pons, ventral tegmental area, frontal cortex
D. ventral tegmental area, nucleus accumbens, frontal cortex
E. VTA, nucleus accumbens, cingulate gyrus, temporal lobe
D. ventral tegmental area, nucleus accumbens, frontal cortex
GABA is influenced both by benzodiazepines and:
A. opiates B. marijuana C. amphetamines D. alcohol E. LSD
D. alcohol
Which ONE of the following statements concerning neurotransmitters is correct?
A. glutamate has excitatory effects
B. serotonin has excitatory effects
C. GABA has excitatory effects
D. dopamine may have either inhibitory or excitatory effects, depending on the receptor type
E. nicotine may have either excitatory or inhibitory effects, depending on receptor type
A. glutamate has excitatory effects
Endorphins are influenced by alcohol, opiates, and:
A. cocaine
B. marijuana
C. nicotine
D. benzodiazepines
C. nicotine
Which ONE of the following would be most representative of synergistic effects of drugs?
A. 2 + 2 = 3
B. 2 + 2 = 7
C. 2 + 2 = 4
D. 2 + 2 = 0
B. 2 + 2 = 7
This is the fastest way to get drugs to reach the brain.
A. Subcutaneous B. Intramuscular C. Intravenous D. Sublingual E. Smoked
E. Smoked
Psychiatric disorders may be relieved by drugs of abuse and brain reward centers may be more sensitive to addicting drugs in some people. These would represent ____________ explanations of addiction.
A. psychological
B. genetic
C. sociological
D. psychic
A. psychological
M.S. is a 29 year-old female taxi driver who sometimes drinks alcohol and smokes marijuana in her cab between fares. Her supervisor refers her to a company employee assistance program for evaluation because a customer called to company to complain that he noticed that she was “a little out of it” when driving him from the airport to his hotel last night. This is the second such complaint received by the supervisor in the past month. Which best describes this M.S.’s DSM-5 Substance Use Disorder (SUD) status?
A. No SUD
B. Mild SUD
C. Moderate SUD
D. Severe SUD
B. Mild SUD
M.W. is a 57 year-old male who has terminal, metastatic lung cancer. He has been smoking an average of 1 pack of cigarettes per day since he was 15. He has been receiving morphine at increasing doses to control his increasing pain. The dosage is being managed by a hospice physician. His present dose is 4 times the normal maximum dosage for morphine. Because of a mix-up in getting his morphine from his home health provider, he begins experiencing withdrawal. Is he a morphine addict?
A. No
B. Yes, because he is exhibiting a characteristic narcotic withdrawal
C. Yes, because he is using 4 times the normal maximum dosage
D. Yes, because he meets at least 3 of the above DSM-5 Substance Use Disorder criteria
A. No
R.L. is a 40 year-old pharmacist who began taking (without a prescription) Vicodin (contains an opioid) from pharmacy stock for back pain from an old football injury that has been aggravated by standing while working 12 hour shifts in the pharmacy that he owns in a small town. His use has progressed over several months to taking daily dosages well above the normal upper dosage limit for adults. He has been having fights with family members and has been increasingly spending time at work after the store closes. He has given up his volunteer activities with youth soccer and baseball and most family and social activities. At one point last month he decided to stop taking the drug. Within 18 hours, he was experiencing symptoms like a very bad case of “intestinal flu” (consistent with opioid withdrawal). Which best describes this R.L.’s DSM-5 Substance Use Disorder (SUD) status?
A. No SUD
B. Mild SUD
C. Moderate or severe SUD
C. Moderate or severe SUD
J.K. is a 21 year-old college student who went out drinking with her friends to celebrate her 21st birthday. While driving home, she is pulled over by a police officer and fails the field sobriety test and has a breathalyzer test that is above the legal limit. She is convicted of a first-offense DWI (driving while impaired/intoxicated), is referred to an alcohol education program, loses her driver’s license and has to go to AA meetings for 6 months. She has no prior arrests and reports that this is the first time she has “been drunk.” Which best describes this J.K.’s DSM-5 Substance Use Disorder (SUD) status?
A. No SUD
B. Mild SUD
C. Moderate SUD
D. Severe SUD
A. No SUD
“The habitual use and need to use a chemical to ameliorate an unwanted emotional state” best describes:
A. Physical dependence B. Psychic dependence C. Psychological dependence D. Chemical dependence E. Substance abuse
B. Psychic dependence
This Act, passed in 1912, strengthened existing law &required that labels should not contain “any statement…regarding the curative or therapeutic effect…which is false and fraudulent.”
A. Sherley Act B. Harrison Act C. Anti-Paraphernalia Act D. Pure Food and Drug Act E. Patent Medicine Control Act
A. Sherley Act
Which ONE of the following is most consistent with the characteristics of effective prevention programs (as outlined in your notes)?
A. Peer group approaches are ineffective
B. Multimodal programs are generally more effective
C. Programming should be designed for the gernal population rather than specific populations
D. Strategies should be general rather than addressing specific causes
B. Multimodal programs are generally more effective
The phase of addiction occuring after preoccupation is:
A. Relief
B. Withdrawal
C. Dependency
D. Increased use
C. Dependency
When doing urine drug testing, which ONE of the following is the test most often used as a confirmatory test for specific substance identification following the initial screen test indicating drug in the urine?
A. chain of custody B. initial screen (e.g. ELISA) C. tamper control check D. GC-MS E. Breathalyzer
D. GC-MS
Which ONE of the following would be an appropriate argument for drug legalization?
A. Legalization would reduce the burden of lesser violations of drug laws on the criminal justice system
B. There would likely be decreased drug use because there would no longer be thre risk factors in using
C. Legalization would actually result in decreased availability of drugs
D. Legalization would likely lower medical costs
A. Legalization would reduce the burden of lesser violations of drug laws on the criminal justice system
The Lifestyle risk reduction model has been documented to delay onset of _________ use in one age group and decreased high-risk ________ use among adults and adolescents (choose the best answer).
A. Gateway drug B. Illicit drug C. Tobacco D. Alcohol E. Prescription drug
D. Alcohol
The current Federal strategy for reducing drug use (based on dollars allocated) is primarily which ONE of the following?
A. Cost-containment strategy
B. Supply reduction strategy
C. Demand reduction strategy
D. There is no Federal strategy; this is a states’ rights issue
D. There is no Federal strategy; this is a states’ rights issue
The general trend in the percentage of those 12 and over reporting illicit drug use (excluding alcohol and tobacco use) ever according to U.S. government surveys between 1998 and 2002 was one of:
A. decreasing use
B. Increasing use
C. Increased use through 2000, then decreasing use since
D. stable use (minimal change)
B. Increasing use
Amphetamines and cocaine would be classified as:
A. Stimulants
B. Hallucinogens
C. Depressants
D. C-III medications
A. Stimulants
The present system of drug schedules (e.g., C-II) established in 1970 in the:
A. Controlled Substances Act B. Pure Food and Drug Act C. Harrison Act D. Sherley Act E. Bureau of Narcotics and Dangerous Drugs (BNDD) Act
A. Controlled Substances Act
The term “set” would refer to which of the following four principal factors influencing how a user experiences drug use?
A. cultural
B. pharmacological
C. contextual
D. social
D. social
Which ONE of the following would represent one of the three “gateway drugs” identified in this lecture?
A. narcotics such as Oxycontin B. cocaine C. LSD D. inhalants E. alcohol
E. alcohol
What kind of crimes is meth associated with?
property crimes
What kind of crimes is marijuana associated with?
violence
According to the retired OPD narcotics officer, from the list below, which of the following illicit drugs causes the most trouble for police in the Omaha area?
A. Crystal meth (“ice”)
B. Marijuana
C. Crack cocaine
A. Crystal meth
What kind of drugs are more deaths associated with?
prescription drugs
