Exam 2016 Flashcards
What is a string orchestra
Only strings
What is a dance orchestra
String , woodwind , percussion
What is a symphony orchestra
Large strings , woodwind , brass , percussion
How can size of an orchestra vary
Small chamber of 15-40 player to symphony orchestra or 100
What is the music written on
A score
Who are full scores used by
Conductor , shows all the music for the instruments together
What does each instrument have
Their own copy of music of their part , rather then all instruments
What are full scores
Instruments grouped together by section
What is the violin section divided into
1st and 2nd violins
Who is the leader of the orchestra
The leader of the first Violion section , sits in front to assist conductor
Describe the violin
Smallest member of the strings
Bow is a stick with horsehair stretched tightly across it
As the bow is drawn across strings makes them vibrate
Picking is pizzicato
Music written in g treble clef
Explain the viola
Larger then violin made in same way
Music written in alto clef , except high notes in treble
Explain the harp
Largest range , very high and very low notes
Pluck strings or play several strings to produce chords
Some strings different colour to guide player
Fast , rippling sound is glissando
Explain a cello
Looks like violin but shorter neck , lower pitch , much larger
Sit in chair , cello between knees , neck on left shoulder
Written in bass clef , tenor clef used for high notes
Explain the double bass
Lowest sounding member
Jazz , dance bands , orchestra
1.8m high , sit on stool or stand
Written in bass clef , sounds an octave lower them written
Explain the flute and piccolo
Flute is straight tube with holes , piccolo looks like flute , smaller
Metal including silver and gold
Piccolo octave higher then flute , written octave lower
Played sideways by blowing
Fingers open and close holes with changes pitch
Explain the clarinet
Long cylinderical back tube with metal keys
Single reed
Sound produced by blowing , opening and closing holes - pitch
Used in jazz bands
Explain the oboe
Long cylinderical black tube with metal keys , looks like clarinet except the mouthpiece Double reed ( 2 pieces of wood , flat straw) Mouthpiece in mouth then blown , reeds vibrate producing sound
Explain the bassoon
Largest member of woodwind family Long metal tube folded in half with metal keys 2 tubes joint by U shaped tube 4 sections -2.4 m stretched Double reed
Explain the trumpet
Cylinderical tube 1.2 m
Small cup shaped mouthpiece and 3 valves
Jazz and orchestra
Louis almostrong , miles Davis
Explain the trombone
Tubing is 2,5 m Deep cup shaped mouthpiece Only brass instrument with a slide Jazz and symphonic orchestra Don lusher
Explain the French horn
Tubing is 3.6 m
Funnel shaped mouthpiece , 3 rotary valves
Not used in Jazz
Dennis brain - 1950s car crash
Explain the tuba
Tubing is 4,5 m Large cup shaped mouthpiece Occasionally in Jazz 3 or 4 valves Herbie flowers
Explain percussion
Shaken or hit
Tuned and untuned
What are untuned percussion
Cannot play melody , as don’t produce pitch or note sound
Creates rythem or effects
Explain the tambourine
Wood / metal hoop with skin stretched tightly across it
Metal disks makes jingly
Originated in Middle East , but used in western music for centuries
Explain castanets
Originated in Spain , used in music with Spanish flavor
Sound produced by clicking two pieces of hollowed out wood between the fingers
Explain the snare drum
Military bands
Drumsticks
Explain the trouble
Steel bar bent into a triangle
When hit by metal beater produces bright , clear sound
Explain the sleigh bells
Dinstinctive tinkling sound
Especially in large number
Explain the cymbal
Often used for dramatic effect
What are tuned percussion
Capable of playing a melody
Explain the marimba
Kalimba
Keys of Marimba ( wooden) struck with mallats
Explain the glockenspiel
Made of metal ( German)
Rubber , plastic , metal keys used to strike bars - produces High bell like sound
Explain the timpani / kettle drum
Large drums tuned to different pitches
Main difficulty is its hard to change pitch fast
Skin/ membrane stretched tightly across a frame
Tightening or loosening alters the pitch
Loosening = lowered
Pedal to change pitch
Why do conductors use a baton
To keep in time
Good conductor uses basic movements to lead orchestra
What does the conductor do with the other hand
Movements to encourage loud , soft , magestic , graceful
Used to brung in different instruments
Uses face to show expression
Explain 2 beats in a bar
Starting at the top the first best is indicated by a vertical stroke downwards , second best the baton is returned to starting position by upwards vertical movement
Explain 3 beats in a bar
Starting at the top , the first beat is indicated downwards , second beat baton moved horizontally outside , third beat baton moved diagonally up an left returning to starting point
Explain four beats in a bar
Starting at the top , first beat indicated by vertical stroke downwards
Second beat moved horizontally inwards , third beat baton moved horizontally outwards in a long movement which takes the baton past the point below starting position , fourth best baton is moved diagonally returning to starting point
What is a musical
A theatre work that combines music , song , spoken dialogue and dance
Through what do we see emotional content , humor , pathos , love , anger , as well as the story
Words , music , movement , technical aspects of the entertainment as a integrated whole
What theatres are there in gauteng
State theatre , montecasino
What theatres are in Cape Town
Artscape , Baxter theatre
What theatres are in Bloemfontein
Sand du pressis
What theatres are in Natal ,gauteng , Cape Town
Barnyard theatre
Name 6 famous musicals
Footloose , Oklahoma , west side story , Chicago , les miserabls, rent
What are some South African musicals
District six , crocodiles , animals
Who was district six by
David Kramer and taliep Peterson
What was crocodiles based on
Well known novel crocodile Burning by Michael Williams’s
Who did the music for crocodiles
Bheki Mkhwane
Who arranged crocodiles
John Walton
Who wrote the text of crocodiles
Michael Williams
Who wrote animals
Van der Walt , Williams , Stephenson
What is animals an adaption of
George or wells classical novel animal farm
Name 6 words to describe mood
Dramatic , lively , bright , powerful , emotional , gentle
Who wrote the music of Joseph and the amazing technicolor dream coat
Andrew Lloyd Webber
Who wrote the lyrics of Joseph and the amazing technicolor dream coat
Tim Rice
Who was Andrew Lloyd web beds father
William , the director of London college of music
Who was Andrew Lloyd webbed mother
A piano teacher
When did Andrew start playing the piano
When he was 3 , his mother noted he only wanted to play his own tunes
What are some of Andrew Lloyd Webbers most famous musicals
Cats , phantom of the opera , Joseph and the technicolor dream coat, evita
What is cats based on
A series of poems by T.S Elliot called Old Possums book of practical cats
When and where was cats first opening
West end in 1981
How long was cats on Broadway for
Broadway production for 18years
Who directed cats
Trever nun
Who choreographed cats
Gillian Lyne
How does cats have great visual effects
The make up and clothing
What is a famous song for Joseph and the technicolor dream coat
Any dream will do
Define the term orchestra
A large group of musicians playing different instruments who all perform the same piece
