Exam 2 Vitamins

Question 1

How much vitamin C do we absorb?

Answer 1

70-90% absorbed at moderate intake (30 to 180mg/d)

Less than 50% absorbed at doses above 1 g/day

Question 2

What were the major findings of the Cochrane Review?

Answer 2

• Severity of colds reduced
• No effect on the duration
• regular supplementation show that vitamin C reduces the duration

Question 3

Is routine supplementation of Vitamin C recommended to reduce common cold?

Answer 3

No, it is not justified

Question 4

How many water soluble vitamins of from the B Complex?

Answer 4

8 of the 9

Question 5

Where are B complex vitamins widely distributed?

Answer 5

in our bodies

Question 6

What are B complex vitamins important for?

Answer 6

normal appetite
healthy skin
Nervous system
Red blood cell formation

Question 7

Are B Complex vitamins water or fat soluble?

Answer 7

Water soluble

Question 8

How does B12 effect homocysteine?

Answer 8

Clear homocysteine levels from the blood

Question 9

How does Folate effect homocysteine?

Answer 9

Folate is used in homocysteine metabolism

Question 10

Why are DFE used to talk bout how much folate is consumed?

Answer 10

DFE’s are used because folic acid has a different bioavailability than folate from food

Question 11

What role do the B complex vitamins play in CVD risk reduction?

Answer 11

available evidence in inadequate to support a role for B vitamins in reducing CVD

Question 12

What are the changes in B12 absorption rates in adults?

Answer 12

reduced stomach acidity, and intestinal disorders, have difficulty absorbing B12 from food

Question 13

What are the fat soluble vitamins?

Answer 13

A,D, E, K

Question 14

What did they find there was an increased risk of in beta-carotene supplementation?

Answer 14

an increase in lung cancer for current and former smokers

Question 15

What were the min tke wy points from bet-carotene supplementation?

Answer 15

can cause an increase in lung cancer for smokers
hypothesis must be tested in larger RCT
positive association with cancer reduction

Question 16

Where do each of the 5 steps of the synthesis of vitamin D take place?

Answer 16

absorbed by the sun through the skin
then go to liver and converts to 25OHD
to the kidney
Equals active form of vitamin D

Question 17

What is the vitamin D debate about?

Answer 17

how much vitamin D does our body need?

Question 18

What did the IOM find in their report with regards to Vitamin D?

Answer 18

to much of these nutrients my be harmful

the role for vitamin D is just bone health, nothing else

Question 19

Did the IOM change their recommendations for vitamin D?

Answer 19

yes, they increased them

Question 20

What are the functions of vitamin d?

Answer 20

regulation of gene expression
helps the body absorb calcium
improve bone health

Question 21

Too much vitamin E can increase what type of cancer?

Answer 21

prostate cancer