Exam 2 - Vision Flashcards

1
Q

What structure controls the shape of the lens and makes aqueous humor?

A

ciliary body

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2
Q

What structure controls the pupil opening?

A

iris

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3
Q

Where are photoreceptors found?

A

retina

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4
Q

Where is the area that is the most acute vision where only cones are present?

A

macula

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5
Q

What structure bends the light rays?

A

lens

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6
Q

Where is the focus point in the eye?

A

retina

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7
Q

What muscle contracts in miosis and what ANS controls it?]

A

circular muscle in the iris contracts causing pupillary constriction
parasympathetic - muscarinic receptors

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8
Q

What muscle contracts in myadriasis and what ANS controls it?

A

radial muscle in the iris contracts causing pupillary dilation
sympathetic - alpha adrenergic receptors

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9
Q

What structure is responsible for accommodation?

A

the ciliary muscle contracts or relaxes and affects the suspensory ligaments on the lens - flat lens for far vision, round lens for near vision
the radial or circular muscle of the iris contracts causing pupil contricted or dilated pupils - radial contraction for far vision, circular muscle for near vision

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10
Q

Describe Myopia and how you treat

A

nearsightedness; can’t see far away
image is focused in front of retina
bioconcave lens (diverging light rays)

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11
Q

Describe Hyperopia and how you treat

A

farsightedness; can’t see near
image is focused behind retina
bioconvex lens (converging light rays)

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12
Q

Describe astigmatism and how you treat

A

far and near are distorted
cornea is severely curved and only some light rays are focused
cylindrical lens

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13
Q

What fluid fills the anterior and posterior chamber (anterior compartment)?

A

aqueous humor

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14
Q

What fluid fills the posterior compartment?

A

vitreous fluid - gel like fluid

holds retina against choroids

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15
Q

Describe chronic (open-angle) glaucoma

A

Most common type
degeneration/obstruction of trabecular meshwork and canal of Schlemm decreases absorption of aqueous humor
-> intraocular pressure increases
-> pushes lens against retina causing damage of photoreceptors

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16
Q

Describe acute (narrow or closed-angle ) glaucoma

A

narrow iridocorneal angle blocks drainage into canal of Schlemm and blocks reabsorption of aqueous humor

  • > intraocular pressure increases
  • > pushes lens against retina causing damage of photoreceptors
17
Q

What are the symptoms and treatments of glaucoma?

A

Symptoms: blurred vision, severe eye pain, headache, rainbow haloes
Treatments: beta-adrenergic antagonists, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, cholinergic agonists, surgery