Exam 2 Topics

Question 0

interspecific competition

Name 6 types

Answer 0

competition among different species for same resources

Consumption 
Preemption
Overgrowth
Chemical interaction 
Territorial
Encounter

Question 1

intraspecific competition

Answer 1

competition among members of the same species

Question 2

Population size =

Answer 2

Density x area

Question 3

r selection

Answer 3

High fecundity

Short life spans

early age first reproduction

low investment in offspring

Question 4

K-selected species

Answer 4

allocate most resources towards growth and defense

invest heavily in offspring

(Most mammals)

Question 5

N(t) =

Answer 5

population size at a particular time

Question 6

r =

Answer 6

births - deaths

Question 7

symbiosis

Answer 7

Two organisms using each other

Predation

Parasitism

Competition

Mutualism

Commensalism

Question 8

Type 1 survivorship curve

Answer 8

High survivorship until old age

• humans, mostly mammals
• more K selected species

Question 9

Type 2 survivorship curve

Answer 9

Mortality of an individual does not depend on age

-mostly birds, rodents, reptiles

Question 10

Type 3 survivorship curve

Answer 10

Mortality rates are very high early in life then relatively constant

• creatures that have thousands of young
• fish, seeds

Question 11

x =

Answer 11

Age classes

Question 12

nx =

Answer 12

of individuals from the original cohorts that are alive at the specified age (x)

Question 13

lx =

Answer 13

The probability at birth of surviving to any given age (x)

nx/original total amount of cohort

Question 14

dx =

Answer 14

Age specific mortality
( how many died in an age class )

n0-n1

Question 15

qx =

Answer 15

age specific mortality rate

of individuals that died in a given time interval (dx) divided by the # alive at the beginning of that interval (nx)

-ex. d1/n1

Question 16

Lx =

Answer 16

Average # of individuals alive during the age interval x to x+1

-ex.

    (n1+n2)/2

Question 17

Scramble competition

Answer 17

1 of 2 types of intraspecific competition

When a resource is used by one species and hurts the survival of the that species total population if it dwindles.

Ex. Cows and grass

Question 18

Contest competition

Answer 18

1 of 2 in intraspecific competition

There is one clear winner and one clear loser.

Ex. A wolf eats a carcass, and fights other wolf off. Other wolf doesn’t eat

Question 19

Interference competition

Answer 19

Basically fighting

Ex. Male deer fighting during rut

Question 20

Exploitation competition

Answer 20

When individuals indirectly affect the well being of another by using a shared resource.

If a shared resource is used by one, there’s less for someone else

Question 21

Competitive exclusion principle

Answer 21

Two species requiring the same resource cannot coexist

Whoever gets the slightest advantage will take over

Question 22

Constituitive defenses

Answer 22

Fixed features

Ex. Turtle shell

Question 23

Induced defenses

Answer 23

Activated when attacked

Stink bug, skunk

Question 24

The red queen hypothesis

Answer 24

Prey must constantly evolve to exist

Question 25

Holoparasitic plants

Answer 25

Cannot live with a host