Exam 2: Textbook Notes

Question 1

Effective Interviewing Techniques (2) children

Answer 1

1. NICDH
   - avoid: close ended, and suggestive questions
   - intro phase, rapport-building phase, substantive phase
2. Step-Wise Interview
   - designed to maximize accurate info and minimize contamination of info
   - general to specifici

Question 2

Courtroom accommodation for children (4)

Answer 2

1. Supportive adult of child’s choosing
2. Videotapes pretrial interview
3. Imposing a publication ban on courtroom proceedings
4. Closing courtroom to media and public
   Others: one-way screen, CCTV, hearsay, etc.

Question 3

Research in Implanting false memories (4)

Answer 3

1. Little effort needed
2. Visual imagery is powerful
3. Expectations are powerful
4. Real cases: process is longer & has more pressure

Question 4

Explanations that exist for forgetting memories (3)

Answer 4

1. Transience if memory (forgetting over time)
2. More likely to forget if trusted caretaker or family member
3. Individual differences (some people better at keeping unpleasant memories at bay, etc.)

Question 5

Criteria for evaluating claims of recovered memories of abuse (5)

Answer 5

1. Techniques: coercive or suggestive?
2. Began as vague images/feelings and not clear, detailed memories
3. Extend into adolescence
4. Involve abuse occurring before 3 years of age
5. Rare forms of abuse

Question 6

Categories of offences in the Canadian Criminal Code (3)

Answer 6

1. Summary offences: less serious; lower courts, no juries
2. Indictable offences: more serious; higher courts with juries
3. Hybrid offences: majority of other offences

Question 7

Characteristics of the jury (3)

Answer 7

1. Representativeness
2. Impartiality
3. Competence

Question 8

Sources of juror partiality (4)

Answer 8

1. Interest prejudice: result of direct interest in case
2. Specific prejudice: attitudes/ beliefs about specific case
3. Generic prejudice: general attitudes
4. Normative prejudice: community interest in case affects juror

Question 9

Ways to handle pre-trial juror partiality (3)

Answer 9

1. Adjournment
2. Change of venue
3. Challenge of cause

Question 10

Studying juries (3)

Answer 10

1. Mock trials
2. Archival records
3. USA: post-trial interviews

Question 11

Ways of viewing the jury decision making process

Answer 11

1. Mathematical

2. Story

Question 12

Effect of jury being exposed to inadmissible evidence (3)

Answer 12

1. Verdicts consistent with slants of evidence
2. Instruction to ignore does not eliminate its impact
3. Instruction to ignore sometimes inflates it’s impact

Question 13

Stages of deliberation process (3)

Answer 13

1. Orientation stage
2. Open-conflict stage
3. Reconciliation stage