Exam 2 Terms Flashcards
A set of guiding principles that all members of a profession accept, helps to settle question about practice
Code of Ethics
The study of conduct and character. Determines what is good for individuals and society at large
Ethics
Personal beliefs about the worth of a given idea, attitude, custom or object that set standards that influence behavior
Values
Commitment to include patients in decisions
Autonomy
Taking positive actions to help others
Beneficence
Avoidance of harm or hurt
Nonmaleficence
Being fair
Justice
Agreement to keep promises
Fidelity
The nurse, in all professional relationships, practices with compassion and respect for the inherent dignity, worth, and uniqueness of every individual, unrestricted by considerations of social or economic status, personal attributes, or the nature of health problems
ANA Code of Ethics
Defines actions as right or wrong
Deontology
Proposes that the value of something is determined by its usefulness
Utilitarianismn
Focuses on the inequality between people
Feminist Ethics
Emphasizes the importance of understanding relationships, especially as they are revealed in personal narratives
Ethics of Care
central to discussions about end-of-life care, cancer therapy, physican-assisted suicide, and DNR
Quality of Life
What are the risks and benefits to individuals and to society of learning about the presence of a disease that has not yet caused symptoms, or for which a cure is not yet available?
Genetic Screening
Interventions unlikely to produce benefit for the patient
Care at the end of Life
A patients ability to afford and use the healthcare system
Access to care
An act of discovery in which “collective wisdom” guides a group to the best possible decision
Consensus building
The anguish experienced when a person feels unable to act according to closely held core values
Moral distress
Legal guidelines for defining nursing practice and identifying the minimum acceptable nursing care, set by every state
Standards of Care
A broad civil rights statute that protects the rights of people with physical or mental disabilities
Americans with Disabilities Act
When a patient comes to the emergency department or the hospital, an appropriate medical screening occurs within the capacity of the hospital, the hospital is not to discharge or transfer the patient until the condition stabilizes
Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act
Forbids health plans from placing lifetime or annual limits on mental health coverage that are less generous than those placed on medical or surgical benefits
Mental Health Parity Act
Organ donors need to make a gift in writing with their signature
Uniform Anatomical Gift Act
Written documents that direct treatment in accordance with a patient’s wishes in the event of a terminal illness or condition, allows patient to declare which medical procedures he or she do or does not want
Living will
Includes living wills, health care proxies, and durable powers of attorney for health care; based on informed consent and patient autonomy over end-of-life decisions
Advance Directives
Rules that create patient rights to consent to the use and disclosure of their protected health information, to inspect one’s own medical record, and to amend mistaken or incomplete information
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)
These laws limit liability and offer legal immunity if a nurse helps at the scene of an accident
Good Samaritan Laws
Reporting laws for communicable diseases and school immunizations and those intended to promote health and reduce health risks in communities
Public Health Laws
Irreversible cessation of circulatory and respiratory functions
Cardiopulmonary standard of determination of death
Irreversible cessation of all functions of the entire brain including brainstem
Whole brain standard of determination of death
Health care providers can use one of two ways to determine death
Uniform Determination of Death Act
A competent individual with a terminal disease could make an oral and written request for medication to end his or her life in a humane and dignified manner
Physician-Assisted Suicide
An incurable and irreversible disease that has been medically confirmed and will, within reasonable medical judgement, produce death within 6 months
Terminal disease
A civil wrong made against a person or property
Tort
Willful acts that violate another’s rights such as assault, battery, and false imprisonment
Intentional tort
Negligence or malpractice
unintentional tort
Any action that places a person in apprehension of a harmful or offensive contact without consent (no actual contact is necessary)
Assault
Any intentional touching without consent, can be either harmful or offensive to the patient’s personal dignity
Battery
Unjustified restrain of a person without legal warrant
False imprisonment
Acts in which intent is lacking but volitional action and direct causation occur
Quasi-intentional Tort
The release of a patient’s medical information to an unauthorized person (such as the press or an employer, or even family)
Invasion of privacy
Publication of false statements that result in damage to a person’s reputation
Defamation of character
When one speaks falsely about another
Slander
Written defamation of character
Libel
Conduct that falls below a standard of care
Negligence
Professional negligence, when care falls below a standard of care
Malpractice
A system of ensuring appropriate nursing care that attempts to identify potential hazards and eliminate them before harm occurs
Risk Management
Serves as a database for further investigation, alerts risk management to a potential claim situation
Occurrence reporting
One-to-one interaction
between two people
Intrapersonal
Communication that occurs within an individual
Interpersonal
Interaction with an audience
Transpersonal
Interaction within a person’s spiritual domain
Small Group
Interactions with a small number of people
Public
One who encodes and one who decodes the message
Referent
The setting for sender-receiver interactions
Sender and receiver
Message the receiver returns
Message
Motivates one to communicate with another
Channels
Means of conveying and receiving messages
Feedback
Factors that influence communication
Interpersonal variable
Content of the message
Environment
The verbal and nonverbal symbolism
used by others to convey a meaning
Symbolic Communication
A broad term that refers to all factors that
influence communication
Metacommunication
anything written or printed relating to the client
Documentation
The quality control and justification for
reimbursement from Medicare, Medicaid, or private insurance
Documentation
Oral, written, audiotaped exchange of information between
caregivers
Reports
A professional caregiver providing formal advice to another caregiver
Consultations
Arrangement for services by another care provider
Referrals
A continuous process characterized by open-mindedness, continual inquiry, and perseverance, combined with a willingness to look at each unique patient situation and determine which identified assumptions are true and relevant
Critical Thinking
Recognizing that an issue exists, analyzing information, evaluating information, and making conclusions
Critical Thinking
A commitment to think clearly, precisely, and accurately and to act on what you know about a situation
Critical thinking
An attempt to continually improve how to apply yourself when faced with problems in client care
Critical Thinking
An active, organized, cognitive process used to carefully examine one’s thinking and the thinking of others. The art of analyzing and evaluating thinking with a view to improving it. Self-directed, self-disciplined, self-motivated, and self-corrective thinking
Critical Thinking
Be orderly in data collection. Look for patterns to categorize data. (Nursing Diagnosis) Clarify any data you are uncertain about
Interpretation
Be open-minded as you look at information about a patient. Do not make careless assumptions. Do the data reveal what you believe is true or are there other options?
Analysis
Look at the meaning and significance of findings. Are there relationships between findings? Do the data about the patient help you see that a problem exists?
Inference
Look at all situations objectively. Use criteria (e.g. expected outcomes, pain characteristics, learning objectives) to determine results of nursing actions. Reflect on your own behavior.
Evaluation
Support your findings and conclusions. Use knowledge and experience to choose strategies to use in the care of patients.
Explanation
Reflect on your experiences. Identify the ways you can improve your own performance. What will make you believe that you have been successful?
Self-regulation
Seek the true meaning of a situation. Be courageous, hones, and objective about asking questions.
Truth seeking
Be tolerant of different views, be sensitive to the possibility of your own prejudices; respect the right of others to have different opinions.
Open-mindedness
