Exam #2 Terms Flashcards
Daguerrotype
a photograph made from a silver-coated copper plate
- Needed to be exposed from 5 to 40 minutes
- Recorded image reversed, left to right
- Delicate image had to be sealed behind glass to remain fixed
- Plate exposed to light became the actual daguerreotype
- Copies could not be made
- Within 10 years waiting time reduced to 30 to 60 seconds
- Became inexpensive
Lithography
A surface printing process in which an image is drawn onto a matrix with a greasy wax crayon. When dampened, the waxed areas repel water while the material of the matrix absorbs it. An oily ink is then applied, which adheres only to the waxed areas. When the matrix is pressed against the paper, the paper receives the image of the crayon.
Camera Obscura
an early camera consisting of a large dark chamber with a lens opening through which an image is projected onto the opposite surface in its natural colors
Fresco
a type of painting in which pigments are applied to a fresh, wet plaster surface or wall and thereby become part of the surface of wall
Fresco Secco
dry fresco; painting excuted on dry plaster. contrast with buon fresco
tempera
a kind of painting in which pigments are mixed with casein, size, or egg – particularly egg yolk– to create a dull finish
Consists of ground pigments mixed with a vehicle of egg yolk or whole eggs thinned with water—dries quickly & difficult to rework
oil
paint in which pigments are combined with an oil medium
Consists of ground pigment combined with a linseed oil vehicle and turpentine medium or thinner—dries slowly & easy to rework—provides subtle gradations
watercolor
a paint with a water medium. watercolor, applied with even, sweeping movements of the brush
Today refers specifically to a technique called aquarelle—transparent films of paint—composed of pigments and a gum arabic vehicle, thinned with water
acrylic paint
a paint in which pigments are combined with a synthetic plastic medium that is durable, water soluble, and quick drying
Is a mixture of pigment and plastic vehicle that can be thinned (and washed off brushes and hands) with water—can be used on a variety of surfaces that need no special preparation
intaglio
a printing process in which metal plates are incised, covered with ink, wiped, and pressed against paper. the print receivesthe image of the areas that are below the surface the matrix
Italian for incising or engraving—artist can draw directly onto the printing surface
glaze
in painting, a semitransparent coating on a painted surface tat provides a glassy or glossy finish. in ceramics, a hard, glossy coating formed by applying a liquid suspension of powered material to the surface of a ware, which is then dried and fired at a temperature that causes the ingredients to melt together
The application of multiple layers of transparent or semitransparent films of paint to a surface
heliography
a photographic process in which bitumen is placed on a pewter plate to create a photosensitive surface that is exposed to the sun
dry media
drawing materials that do not involve the application of water or other liquids
monochromatic
literally, “one-colored”; descriptive of images in a single color or with so little color contrast as to appear uniform in hue
gouache
watercolor pain that is made opaque be mixing pigments with a particular gum binder
a watercolor mixed with a high concentration of vehicle and an opaque ingredient such as chalk
mezzotint
a nonlinear engraving process in which the matrix is pitted with a hatcher
serigraphy (silkscreen printing)
a printmaking process in which stencils are applied to a screen of silk or similar material stretced on a frame. paint of ink is forced throuh the open areas of the stencil onto paper beneath.
Silk, nylon, or a fine mesh is stretched on a frame—a stencil with a cutout design affixed to the screen—paper or canvas placed beneath—several stencils may be used to apply different colors
encaustic
a methods of painting in which the colors in a wax medium are burned into a surface with a hot irons
Consists of pigment in a wax vehicle that has been heated to a liquid state—must be kept at constant temperature
conte crayon
a wax crayon with a hard texture
cartoon
originally, a preparatory drawing made for a fresco, usually on a paper and drawn to scale; a drawing that caractures or satirizes and event or person of topical interest
mixed media
the use of two or more media to create a single image
matrix
in printmaking, the working surface of the block, slab, or screen. in sculpture, a mold or hollow shape used to give form to a material that is inserted ina plastic or molten state
vehicle
a liquid such as water or oil with which pigments are mixed for painting
engraving
cutting; in printmaking, an intaglio process in which plates of copper, zinc, or steel are cut with burin and the ink image is pressed onto paper
