Exam #2 Terms

Question 1

Daguerrotype

Answer 1

a photograph made from a silver-coated copper plate

• Needed to be exposed from 5 to 40 minutes
• Recorded image reversed, left to right
• Delicate image had to be sealed behind glass to remain fixed
• Plate exposed to light became the actual daguerreotype
• Copies could not be made
• Within 10 years waiting time reduced to 30 to 60 seconds
• Became inexpensive

Question 2

Lithography

Answer 2

A surface printing process in which an image is drawn onto a matrix with a greasy wax crayon. When dampened, the waxed areas repel water while the material of the matrix absorbs it. An oily ink is then applied, which adheres only to the waxed areas. When the matrix is pressed against the paper, the paper receives the image of the crayon.

Question 3

Camera Obscura

Answer 3

an early camera consisting of a large dark chamber with a lens opening through which an image is projected onto the opposite surface in its natural colors

Question 4

Fresco

Answer 4

a type of painting in which pigments are applied to a fresh, wet plaster surface or wall and thereby become part of the surface of wall

Question 5

Fresco Secco

Answer 5

dry fresco; painting excuted on dry plaster. contrast with buon fresco

Question 6

tempera

Answer 6

a kind of painting in which pigments are mixed with casein, size, or egg – particularly egg yolk– to create a dull finish

Consists of ground pigments mixed with a vehicle of egg yolk or whole eggs thinned with water—dries quickly & difficult to rework

Question 7

oil

Answer 7

paint in which pigments are combined with an oil medium

Consists of ground pigment combined with a linseed oil vehicle and turpentine medium or thinner—dries slowly & easy to rework—provides subtle gradations

Question 8

watercolor

Answer 8

a paint with a water medium. watercolor, applied with even, sweeping movements of the brush

Today refers specifically to a technique called aquarelle—transparent films of paint—composed of pigments and a gum arabic vehicle, thinned with water

Question 9

acrylic paint

Answer 9

a paint in which pigments are combined with a synthetic plastic medium that is durable, water soluble, and quick drying

Is a mixture of pigment and plastic vehicle that can be thinned (and washed off brushes and hands) with water—can be used on a variety of surfaces that need no special preparation

Question 10

intaglio

Answer 10

a printing process in which metal plates are incised, covered with ink, wiped, and pressed against paper. the print receivesthe image of the areas that are below the surface the matrix

Italian for incising or engraving—artist can draw directly onto the printing surface

Question 11

glaze

Answer 11

in painting, a semitransparent coating on a painted surface tat provides a glassy or glossy finish. in ceramics, a hard, glossy coating formed by applying a liquid suspension of powered material to the surface of a ware, which is then dried and fired at a temperature that causes the ingredients to melt together

The application of multiple layers of transparent or semitransparent films of paint to a surface

Question 12

heliography

Answer 12

a photographic process in which bitumen is placed on a pewter plate to create a photosensitive surface that is exposed to the sun

Question 13

dry media

Answer 13

drawing materials that do not involve the application of water or other liquids

Question 14

monochromatic

Answer 14

literally, “one-colored”; descriptive of images in a single color or with so little color contrast as to appear uniform in hue

Question 15

gouache

Answer 15

watercolor pain that is made opaque be mixing pigments with a particular gum binder

a watercolor mixed with a high concentration of vehicle and an opaque ingredient such as chalk

Question 16

mezzotint

Answer 16

a nonlinear engraving process in which the matrix is pitted with a hatcher

Question 17

serigraphy (silkscreen printing)

Answer 17

a printmaking process in which stencils are applied to a screen of silk or similar material stretced on a frame. paint of ink is forced throuh the open areas of the stencil onto paper beneath.

Silk, nylon, or a fine mesh is stretched on a frame—a stencil with a cutout design affixed to the screen—paper or canvas placed beneath—several stencils may be used to apply different colors

Question 18

encaustic

Answer 18

a methods of painting in which the colors in a wax medium are burned into a surface with a hot irons

Consists of pigment in a wax vehicle that has been heated to a liquid state—must be kept at constant temperature

Question 19

conte crayon

Answer 19

a wax crayon with a hard texture

Question 20

cartoon

Answer 20

originally, a preparatory drawing made for a fresco, usually on a paper and drawn to scale; a drawing that caractures or satirizes and event or person of topical interest

Question 21

mixed media

Answer 21

the use of two or more media to create a single image

Question 22

matrix

Answer 22

in printmaking, the working surface of the block, slab, or screen. in sculpture, a mold or hollow shape used to give form to a material that is inserted ina plastic or molten state

Question 23

vehicle

Answer 23

a liquid such as water or oil with which pigments are mixed for painting

Question 24

engraving

Answer 24

cutting; in printmaking, an intaglio process in which plates of copper, zinc, or steel are cut with burin and the ink image is pressed onto paper

Question 25

etching

Answer 25

in printmaking, an intaglio process in which the matrix is first covered with an acid-resistant ground. the ground is removed from certain areas with a needle, and the matrix is dipped in acid, which eats away at the areas exposed by the needle. these areas become groves that are inked and printed

Question 26

drypoint

Answer 26

a variation of engraving in which the surface of the matrix is cut with a needle to make rough edges; in printmaking, rough edges make soft rather than crisp lines

Question 27

Categories of drawing (3)

Answer 27

(1) Sketches: record and idea
(2) plans or prepatory studies: other projects such as buildings, sculptures, crafts, paintings, plays, and films
(3) fully developed and autonomous works of art

Question 28

drawing materials (2)

Answer 28

(1) dry media
(2) fluid media

Question 29

dry media (6)

Answer 29

(1) silverpoint
(2) pencil
(3) charcoal
(4) chalk
(5) pastel
(6) crayon

Question 30

crayon

Answer 30

any drawing material in stick form

(charcoal, chalk, pastel, wax)

Question 31

fluid media (4)

Answer 31

(1) pen and ink
(2) pen and wash
(3) brush and ink
(4) brush and wash

Question 32

vehicles/ agents that hold pigments together (7)

Answer 32

(1) lime plaster
(2) wax
(3) egg
(4) oil
(5) acrylic plastic
(6) gum
(7) water

Question 33

problems with most vehiclees (3)

Answer 33

(1) cracking
(2) yellowing
(3) discoloration

Question 34

Types of painting (7)

Answer 34

(1) encaustic
(2) tempera
(3) oil
(4) glazing
(5) acrylic
(6) watercolor
(7) gouache

Question 35

printmaking processes (4)

Answer 35

(1) relief: woodcutting, wood engraving
(2) intaglio: engraving, drypoint, etching, mezzotint, & aquatint
(3) lithography
(4) serigraphy

Question 36

relief methods (5)

Answer 36

(1) woodcut
(2) wood engraving
(3) lithograph
(4) serigraphy
(5) monotype

Question 37

aquatint

Answer 37

Easier and quicker etching technique than mezzotint

metal plate is covered with a fine power of acid-resistant resin, plate heated, resin melts and adheres to surface, then placed in acid bath, where its uncovered surfaces are eaten away by the solution

Often used in conjunction with line etching and can often resemble tones produced by wash drawings

Question 38

monotype

Answer 38

Although monotype is a printmaking type, it also overlaps the areas of drawing and painting

The product of monotype is a single, original work of art—it only produces a single image

Created with oil paint or watercolor on a nonabsorbent surface of any material—brushes are used, but the paint can also be scratched off

Question 39

Autochrome

Answer 39

(color process) glass plates coated with 3 layers of dyed potato starch that served as color filters

A layer of silver bromide emulsion covered the starch—when the autochrome was developed, it produced a positive color transparency