Exam 2: taxonomy

Question 1

Taxonomy

Answer 1

The science of biological classification

Question 2

Nomenclature

Answer 2

The devising or choosing of names for things

Question 3

Phylogeny

Answer 3

The evolutionary development and history of a species or higher taxonomic grouping of organisms

Question 4

Oligonucleotide

Answer 4

Short single-stranded DNA or RNA molecules

Question 5

Species

Answer 5

Collection of organisms that share the same sequences in their core housekeeping
genes

Question 6

Strain

Answer 6

A genetic variant descended from a single, pure microbial culture

Question 7

Biovars

Answer 7

A genetic variant that differs biochemically and physiologically

Question 8

Morphovars

Answer 8

A genetic variant that differ morphologically

Question 9

Serovars

Answer 9

A genetic variant that differ in antigenic properties

Question 10

Clade

Answer 10

A group consisting of an organism and its decedents

Question 11

Parsimony

Answer 11

Adoption of the simplest assumption in the formulation of a theory or in the interpretation of data

Question 12

Who discovered binomial nomenclature

Answer 12

Carolus Linnaeus

Question 13

explain binomial nomenclature

Answer 13

Each organism has two names
- Genus name
- Species epithet
Can be abbreviated after first use
~1st Mention
– Pseudomonas aeruginosa
~Subsequent mentions
– P. aeruginosa
New species cannot be recognized until it has been published in the International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology

Question 14

List taxon categories used in the classification of organisms

Answer 14

Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species

Question 15

3 kingdoms

Answer 15

Eukarya
Bacteria
Archaea

Question 16

6 kingdoms

Answer 16

Plantae
Animalia
Fungi
Protists
Archaea
bacteria

Question 17

Phenetic classification

Answer 17

-traditional method used to classify microorganisms
-Groups organisms together based on the mutual similarity of phenotypes
-Reveal evolutionary relationship but not dependent on genetic analysis

Question 18

Phylogenetic classification

Answer 18

-Modern method used to classify organisms
-Also called phyletic classification systems
-Phylogeny
-Evolutionary development of a species
-Usually based on a direct comparison of -genetic material and gene products