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H.O.E. > Exam 2 Stydy Guide > Flashcards

Exam 2 Stydy Guide Flashcards

1
Q

7 year old characteristics

A 
Physical development
Slows way down
Only gins 5 lb a year
Muscle coordination should be all there
Eyes best there will ever be

Mental development
Life becomes centered around school
Problem solving
Speech,reading, writing skills developed
Memory becomes more complex
Right or wrong judgement calls developed
Emotional development
Pleasing parents, teachers

Social development
Girls play with girls, boys play with boys
Girls worried about impressing boys
Boys don't care about girls
Boys 2 years behind girls 
Group orientated

Children in this age group need parental approval, reassurance, peer acceptance

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2
Q

Anorexia Nervosa

A

eating disorder defined by a refusal to maintain minimal body weight within 15 percent of an individual’s normal weight. Other essential features of this disorder include an intense fear of gaining weight, a distorted body image, denial of the seriousness of the illness, and amenorrhea (absence of at least three consecutive menstrual cycles when they are otherwise expected to occur).

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3
Q

Arthritis

A

Painful inflammation and stiffness of joints

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4
Q

Behavior of older adults

A 
Mental development:
  Mental ability increases
  Increasing education 
  Acquired and understanding for live and developed coping                   mechanisms 
Able to do critical thinking 
Emotional development:
 Extremely satisfied
   Job security
   Financial security
   Good health 
   No children in home
 Not satisfied
   No job security
   No financial security 
   Health issues
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5
Q

Bulimia

A

An emotional disorder in which bouts of extreme overeating are followed by depression and self-induced vomiting, purging, or fasting.

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6
Q

Alzheimer’s

A

form of dementia in which there is a gradual decline in intellectual capacities that leads to changes in personalities and in abilility to perform activities of daily living

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7
Q

Cataracts

A

clouding that develops in the crystalline lens of the eye or in its lens capsule, varying in degree from slight to complete opacity and obstructing the passage of light

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8
Q

Causes of Alzheimer’s

A

Genetic mutation
Strokes
25% just because they are old

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9
Q

Causes of cognitive impairment

A

Depression: can’t think straight when you are depressed
Anxiety: stress
Suspiciousness, delusions, paranoia: mostly mental disabled
Schizophrenia: lots of different levels, associated with multiple personalities
Mental Retardation: genetic disorder
Dementia: change in the brain tissue
Closed head injuries: physical damage to your skull, destroys brain tissue
Trauma to the brain: aneurisms, epilepsy

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10
Q

Causes of suicide among teens

A 
Depression- feeling of worthlessness
Grief over a loss or love affair
Failure in school
Inability to meet expectations
Influence of suicidal friends or parents
Lack of self-esteem
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11
Q

Causes of temporary confusion/disorientation

A

Depression: can’t think straight when you are depressed
Anxiety: stress

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12
Q

Changes in CV system

A

Heart muscle ages, normal aging
Doesn’t get to rest over night
Some degree of congestive heart failure, can’t lay flat
Vascular degeneration:
Vessel lose elasticity, can’t restrict or dilate
Plaque being built up in arteries
Hypertension
Blood isn’t pumped up to the heart quickly
More likely to throw an emboli (floating clot)

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13
Q

Characteristic of nonverbal communication

A 
Appearance - how are you dressed, personal hygiene
Posture and gait - the way you walk
Facial expression
Hand gestures
Touch and space
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14
Q

Characteristic of verbal communication

A

Connotative - words that take on more than one meeting
Denotative - words that mean one thing
Vocabulary - use appropriate word choices
Pacing - how fast or slow you talk
Intonation - pitch and how you carry your voice
Clarity and brevity - how clear you are
Timing and relevance

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15
Q

Communication barriers

A

Interrupt the flow of communication from sender to the reciever

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16
Q

Communication feedback

A

response of a receiver to sender’s message

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17
Q

Compensation

A

when you decide to substitute one goal for another

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18
Q

Confidential care

A

Confidential care is provided each patient

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19
Q

Define growth and development

A

implies a change in the organization of character from simple to complex, from a small group of behaviors that you build on to a large group of behaviors, you go from a fixed response to a large variations of response

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20
Q

Definition of abuse

A

will fill infliction of injury, unreasonable, confinement, intimidation or punishment with resulting physical harm, pain, or deprivation by an individual that is necessary to maintain physical, mental, psychosocial well-being

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21
Q

Definition of communication

A

an on going dynamic series of events in which meaning is generated and transmitted

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22
Q

Definition of emotional development

A

Feelings

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23
Q

Developmental characteristics of adolescence

A 
Physical development:
  Occurs in spurts
  Girls done growing at this stage
  Boys can still grow
  Takes a lot longer to development new motor skills
  Puberty 
  Development of sex organs
  Secretes sex hormones  
  Secondary sex characteristics start to develop
  Changes in voice
  Body hair
  Girls get hips and breast

Mental development
Increase cognitive skills
Learn to make decisions and live with consequences
Huge condflict between grow up and act like adult. But still kids
Emotional development
Inadequate feelings about yourself
Worry bout appearance
Respond more to peer groups than adults

Social development
  Getting ready to move away at the end
  Seek security with other groups
  More self confident
  More mature how you approach problems
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24
Q

Development characteristics of early adulthood

A

Physical development
Total complete
Prime child bearing years

Mental development
Looking at college choices/career choices
Trying to decide if you are going independent
Determine lifestyle
Establish values
Establish type of relationships your going to be in

Emotional development
Pretty stable
Satisfaction with achievements

Social development
Move away from peer groups
Establish relationship pattern
More open for different careers for other sexes

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25
Developmental characteristics of early childhood
Physical development Much slower than infancy Not weigh more than 45 lb Lots of development in muscular/skeleton systems No coordination for fine motor movement ``` Mental development Verbal growth move rapidly 1500-2000 words No reasoning abilities 2 years: Short attention spans 4 years: Ask a lot of questions 6 year: old start school ``` Emotional development 1&2 years: self orientated , very enthusiastic, temper tantrums(frustration) 2-4: stay on a schedule 4 years: aware of other kids, know right from wrong, wants independence Social development Go from very me orientated to social at 6
26
Developmental characteristics of infancy
``` Physical development Failure to thrive - triple their weight Reflexes present Moro reflex - startle reflex Rooting reflex - rub their cheek and open their mouths and turn that way Sucking reflex - triggered by something lightly touching their lips Grasp reflex - just like it sounds Muscle coordination No control 3-4: ability to roll over 6-8: able to sit up 8 months and a year: locomotion Vision Only see black and white 1 year: close vision ``` ``` Mental development Respond to discomfort Start to respond to environment Speech is starting 1 year of age: understand normal vocabulary ``` Social development It's all about me Emotional development Anger starts at 4 months 6-7 month: fear of separation
27
Developmental characteristics of late adulthood
``` Physical development Wrinkles Gray hair May get shorter Not a huge change if they stay active ```
28
Developmental characteristics of late childhood
``` Physical development Slows way down Only gins 5 lb a year Muscle coordination should be all there Eyes best there will ever be ``` Mental development Life becomes centered around school Problem solving Speech,reading, writing skills developed Memory becomes more complex Right or wrong judgement calls developed Emotional development Pleasing parents, teachers 10-12: sexual identity ``` Social development Girls play with girls, boys play with boys Girls worried about impressing boys Boys don't care about girls Boys 2 years behind girls Group orientated ```
29
Developmental characteristic of middle adulthood
``` Physical development Gray hair Wrinkles Sagging skin Weight gain Visual acutey declines ``` ``` Mental development Mental ability increases Increasing education Acquired and understanding for live and developed coping mechanisms Able to do critical thinking ``` ``` Emotional development Extremely satisfied Job security Financial security Good health No children in home Not satisfied No job security No financial security Health issues ```
30
Diagnosis of Alzheimer's
A thorough medical history Mental status testing A physical and neurological exam Tests (such as blood tests and brain imaging) to rule out other causes of dementia-like symptoms
31
Displacement
transferring of feeling from one person to another
32
DNR
Do not resuscitate
33
Domestic violence
violence or physical abuse directed toward your spouse or domestic partner; usually violence by men against women
34
Dysphagia
Condition which swallowing is difficult
35
Dysuria
Painful or difficult urination
36
Factors influencing communication
Perceptions, values, emotions, sociocultural, knowledge, roles and relationships, environmental settings
37
Factors interfering with communication
``` Giving opinions Offering false reassurance Defensive Approval/disapproval Why Changing the subject Communication barriers ```
38
Five stages of grief
Denial, anger, bargaining, depression, acceptance
39
Forms of dementia
Alzheimer's
40
Glaucoma
A condition of increased pressure within the eyeball, causing gradual loss of sight.
41
Grasp reflex
Just like it sounds
42
Hoarding
taking the stuff and keeping them and hiding them
43
Hospice (function/purpose)
To make the resident comfortable
44
Incontinence
Involuntary urination and defecation
45
Independence vs. dependence
Independence can do it on their own, dependence you can't
46
Infant physical development
``` Failure to thrive - triple their weight Reflexes present Moro reflex - startle reflex Rooting reflex - rub their cheek and open their mouths and turn that way Sucking reflex - triggered by something lightly touching their lips Grasp reflex - just like it sounds Muscle coordination No control 3-4: ability to roll over 6-8: able to sit up 8 months and a year: locomotion Vision Only see black and white 1 year: close vision ```
47
Levels of communication
Interpersonal - self talk Interpersonal - talking to someone Public - speaking to a group
48
Living will
A written statement detailing a person's desires regarding their medical treatment in circumstances in which they are no longer able to...
49
Loneliness among elderly
Myth: Many elderly individuals socialize by being involved in activities
50
Loss of adipose tissue in elderly
``` Inability to maintain body temp Skin losses elasticity Flabby skin and wrinkles Skin gets very thin Ecchyomosis , bruises ```
51
Melanin patches
Age spots
52
Middle adulthood
Age 40-65
53
Moro reflex
Startle reflex
54
Need for safety and security
Free from anxiety, fear Need for security in environment Need for order and routine Preference for things that are familiar
55
Needs of humans
lack of something that is required or desired
56
Nonverbal behavior
``` Appearance - how are you dressed, personal hygiene Posture and gait - the way you walk Facial expression Hand gestures Touch and space ```
57
Ombudsman
An official appointed to investigate individuals' complaints against maladministration, esp. that of public authorities.
58
Osteomyelitis
Inflammation of bone or bone marrow, usually due to infection.
59
Pacing
just walk up and down all day long
60
Patient advocate
Stands up for the patients right
61
Patients right (what are they)
The right to be informed, to make decisions, to association and communication, personal privacy, personal property, freedom from abuse and restraint, to quality care and dignity
62
Percentage of individuals living in long term care
5%
63
Pillaging
Looking for stuff
64
Projection
placing the blame on others, always someone else's fault not mine
65
Psychological care of dying
Give them control-not going to change the fact that they are dying, let them set the tone, deal with their fear, let them set their death in their terms
66
Psychological barrier of communication
Individuals state of mind
67
Puberty
Development of sex organs Secretes sex hormones Secondary sex characteristics start to develop
68
Rationalization
a reasonable explanation for the behavior, not the real reason
69
Reality orientation
a program designed to improve cognitive and psychomotor function in persons who are confused or disoriented
70
Retirement
The period of one's life after leaving one's job and ceasing to work.
71
Right to die
Doctor assisted suicide
72
Rooting reflex
rub their cheek and open their mouths and turn that way
73
Self-actualization
Realized their full potential
74
Sexual needs of elderly
They still have it but it is necessarily sex
75
Sexuality needs
Sexuality: feeling concerning masculinity and femininity Reproduce Feeling you are worth something
76
Signs of abuse
Bruises (old and new, clustered on one part of body, or on both upper arms) Burns Cuts or scars Marks left by a gag (or some form of restraint) Imprint injuries (eg., marks shaped like fingers, thumbs, hands, belts or sticks) Missing teeth Spotty balding (from pulled hair) Eye injuries (black eyes or detached retinas) Broken bones Sprains Abrasions or scrapes Vaginal or rectal pain Bleeding from the ears, nose or mouth Frequent urinary tract infections or yeast infections Painful urination Abrasions, bleeding, or bruising in the genital area Incontinence in someone who was previously toilet-trained Frequent sore throats Sudden onset of psychosomatic complaints (males most frequently complain of stomach aches while females most frequently report headaches) Sudden difficulty walking or sitting
77
Signs of suicide
``` Preoccupation with death Giving away prized possessions Changes in sleep pattern Sudden and extreme changes in eating Withdrawal for family friends and other social networks Content with being by themselves Changes in school performances Major personality switches Use of drug and alcohol Expectation is failure Recent sucides in community Suicide attempts ```
78
Social development of 2 year old
Go from very me orientated to social at 6
79
Socialization
interactions and relationships with others
80
Stages of dying
triggered by something lightly touching their lips
81
Sundowning
as the sun goes down symptoms get worse
82
Suppression
when you are aware of these unwanted feeling you put in a part of your unconscious brain
83
Thrombus
Blood clot that is stuck
84
TIA's
Mini stroke ( ischemic attack: brief episode in which the brain gets insufficient blood supply)
85
Time frame when physical changes occur in elderly
65 years and older
86
Trust vs. mistrust
Trust: Firm belief in the reliability, truth, ability, or strength of someone or something. Mistrust: lack of trust
87
Vascular degeneration
Vascular degeneration: Vessel lose elasticity, can't restrict or dilate Plaque being built up in arteries Hypertension Blood isn't pumped up to the heart quickly More likely to throw an emboli (floating clot)
88
What are perceptions (communications)?
an active process of becoming aware and understanding ones environment that is unique to the individual and is strongly influence by communication.
89
What are the basic needs?
food, water, oxygen, elimination of waste, sleep, protection of temperature
90
What is mental development?
Mind development
91
What is safety needs?
Free from anxiety, fear Need for security in environment Need for order and routine Preference for things that are familiar
92
Withdrawal
When you are without something

H.O.E. (6 decks)

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