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H.O.E. > Exam 2 Stydy Guide > Flashcards

Exam 2 Stydy Guide Flashcards

1
Q

7 year old characteristics

A 
Physical development
Slows way down
Only gins 5 lb a year
Muscle coordination should be all there
Eyes best there will ever be
Mental development
Life becomes centered around school
Problem solving
Speech,reading, writing skills developed
Memory becomes more complex
Right or wrong judgement calls developed
Emotional development
Pleasing parents, teachers
Social development
Girls play with girls, boys play with boys
Girls worried about impressing boys
Boys don't care about girls
Boys 2 years behind girls 
Group orientated

Children in this age group need parental approval, reassurance, peer acceptance

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2
Q

Anorexia Nervosa

A

eating disorder defined by a refusal to maintain minimal body weight within 15 percent of an individual’s normal weight. Other essential features of this disorder include an intense fear of gaining weight, a distorted body image, denial of the seriousness of the illness, and amenorrhea (absence of at least three consecutive menstrual cycles when they are otherwise expected to occur).

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3
Q

Arthritis

A

Painful inflammation and stiffness of joints

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4
Q

Behavior of older adults

A 
Mental development:
  Mental ability increases
  Increasing education 
  Acquired and understanding for live and developed coping                   mechanisms 
Able to do critical thinking 
Emotional development:
 Extremely satisfied
   Job security
   Financial security
   Good health 
   No children in home
 Not satisfied
   No job security
   No financial security 
   Health issues
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5
Q

Bulimia

A

An emotional disorder in which bouts of extreme overeating are followed by depression and self-induced vomiting, purging, or fasting.

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6
Q

Alzheimer’s

A

form of dementia in which there is a gradual decline in intellectual capacities that leads to changes in personalities and in abilility to perform activities of daily living

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7
Q

Cataracts

A

clouding that develops in the crystalline lens of the eye or in its lens capsule, varying in degree from slight to complete opacity and obstructing the passage of light

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8
Q

Causes of Alzheimer’s

A

Genetic mutation
Strokes
25% just because they are old

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9
Q

Causes of cognitive impairment

A

Depression: can’t think straight when you are depressed
Anxiety: stress
Suspiciousness, delusions, paranoia: mostly mental disabled
Schizophrenia: lots of different levels, associated with multiple personalities
Mental Retardation: genetic disorder
Dementia: change in the brain tissue
Closed head injuries: physical damage to your skull, destroys brain tissue
Trauma to the brain: aneurisms, epilepsy

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10
Q

Causes of suicide among teens

A 
Depression- feeling of worthlessness
Grief over a loss or love affair
Failure in school
Inability to meet expectations
Influence of suicidal friends or parents
Lack of self-esteem
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11
Q

Causes of temporary confusion/disorientation

A

Depression: can’t think straight when you are depressed
Anxiety: stress

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12
Q

Changes in CV system

A

Heart muscle ages, normal aging
Doesn’t get to rest over night
Some degree of congestive heart failure, can’t lay flat
Vascular degeneration:
Vessel lose elasticity, can’t restrict or dilate
Plaque being built up in arteries
Hypertension
Blood isn’t pumped up to the heart quickly
More likely to throw an emboli (floating clot)

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13
Q

Characteristic of nonverbal communication

A 
Appearance - how are you dressed, personal hygiene
Posture and gait - the way you walk
Facial expression
Hand gestures
Touch and space
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14
Q

Characteristic of verbal communication

A

Connotative - words that take on more than one meeting
Denotative - words that mean one thing
Vocabulary - use appropriate word choices
Pacing - how fast or slow you talk
Intonation - pitch and how you carry your voice
Clarity and brevity - how clear you are
Timing and relevance

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15
Q

Communication barriers

A

Interrupt the flow of communication from sender to the reciever

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16
Q

Communication feedback

A

response of a receiver to sender’s message

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17
Q

Compensation

A

when you decide to substitute one goal for another

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18
Q

Confidential care

A

Confidential care is provided each patient

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19
Q

Define growth and development

A

implies a change in the organization of character from simple to complex, from a small group of behaviors that you build on to a large group of behaviors, you go from a fixed response to a large variations of response

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20
Q

Definition of abuse

A

will fill infliction of injury, unreasonable, confinement, intimidation or punishment with resulting physical harm, pain, or deprivation by an individual that is necessary to maintain physical, mental, psychosocial well-being

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21
Q

Definition of communication

A

an on going dynamic series of events in which meaning is generated and transmitted

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22
Q

Definition of emotional development

A

Feelings

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23
Q

Developmental characteristics of adolescence

A 
Physical development:
  Occurs in spurts
  Girls done growing at this stage
  Boys can still grow
  Takes a lot longer to development new motor skills
  Puberty 
  Development of sex organs
  Secretes sex hormones  
  Secondary sex characteristics start to develop
  Changes in voice
  Body hair
  Girls get hips and breast

Mental development
Increase cognitive skills
Learn to make decisions and live with consequences
Huge condflict between grow up and act like adult. But still kids
Emotional development
Inadequate feelings about yourself
Worry bout appearance
Respond more to peer groups than adults

Social development
  Getting ready to move away at the end
  Seek security with other groups
  More self confident
  More mature how you approach problems
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24
Q

Development characteristics of early adulthood

A

Physical development
Total complete
Prime child bearing years

Mental development
Looking at college choices/career choices
Trying to decide if you are going independent
Determine lifestyle
Establish values
Establish type of relationships your going to be in

Emotional development
Pretty stable
Satisfaction with achievements

Social development
Move away from peer groups
Establish relationship pattern
More open for different careers for other sexes

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25
Q

Developmental characteristics of early childhood

A

Physical development
Much slower than infancy
Not weigh more than 45 lb
Lots of development in muscular/skeleton systems
No coordination for fine motor movement

Mental development
  Verbal growth move rapidly
  1500-2000 words
  No reasoning abilities
  2 years: Short attention spans
  4 years: Ask a lot of questions
  6 year: old start school

Emotional development
1&2 years: self orientated , very enthusiastic, temper tantrums(frustration)
2-4: stay on a schedule
4 years: aware of other kids, know right from wrong, wants independence

Social development
Go from very me orientated to social at 6

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26
Q

Developmental characteristics of infancy

A 
Physical development
  Failure to thrive - triple their weight
  Reflexes present
    Moro reflex - startle reflex
    Rooting reflex - rub their cheek and open their mouths and turn that way
    Sucking reflex - triggered by something lightly touching their lips
    Grasp reflex - just like it sounds
  Muscle coordination 
    No control
    3-4: ability to roll over
    6-8: able to sit up
    8 months and a year: locomotion
  Vision
    Only see black and white
    1 year: close vision
Mental development
  Respond to discomfort
  Start to respond to environment
  Speech is starting
  1 year of age: understand normal vocabulary

Social development
It’s all about me

Emotional development
Anger starts at 4 months
6-7 month: fear of separation

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27
Q

Developmental characteristics of late adulthood

A 
Physical development  
  Wrinkles
  Gray hair
  May get shorter
  Not a huge change if they stay active
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28
Q

Developmental characteristics of late childhood

A 
Physical development
  Slows way down
  Only gins 5 lb a year
  Muscle coordination should be all there
  Eyes best there will ever be

Mental development
Life becomes centered around school
Problem solving
Speech,reading, writing skills developed
Memory becomes more complex
Right or wrong judgement calls developed

Emotional development
Pleasing parents, teachers
10-12: sexual identity

Social development
  Girls play with girls, boys play with boys
  Girls worried about impressing boys
  Boys don't care about girls
  Boys 2 years behind girls 
  Group orientated
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29
Q

Developmental characteristic of middle adulthood

A 
Physical development
  Gray hair
  Wrinkles
  Sagging skin
  Weight gain
  Visual acutey declines
Mental development
  Mental ability increases
  Increasing education 
  Acquired and understanding for live and developed coping mechanisms 
  Able to do critical thinking 
Emotional development
  Extremely satisfied
    Job security
    Financial security
    Good health 
    No children in home
  Not satisfied
    No job security
    No financial security 
    Health issues
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30
Q

Diagnosis of Alzheimer’s

A

A thorough medical history
Mental status testing
A physical and neurological exam
Tests (such as blood tests and brain imaging) to rule out other causes of dementia-like symptoms

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31
Q

Displacement

A

transferring of feeling from one person to another

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32
Q

DNR

A

Do not resuscitate

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33
Q

Domestic violence

A

violence or physical abuse directed toward your spouse or domestic partner; usually violence by men against women

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34
Q

Dysphagia

A

Condition which swallowing is difficult

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35
Q

Dysuria

A

Painful or difficult urination

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36
Q

Factors influencing communication

A

Perceptions, values, emotions, sociocultural, knowledge, roles and relationships, environmental settings

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37
Q

Factors interfering with communication

A 
Giving opinions
Offering false reassurance
Defensive
Approval/disapproval
Why
Changing the subject
Communication barriers
38
Q

Five stages of grief

A

Denial, anger, bargaining, depression, acceptance

39
Q

Forms of dementia

A

Alzheimer’s

40
Q

Glaucoma

A

A condition of increased pressure within the eyeball, causing gradual loss of sight.

41
Q

Grasp reflex

A

Just like it sounds

42
Q

Hoarding

A

taking the stuff and keeping them and hiding them

43
Q

Hospice (function/purpose)

A

To make the resident comfortable

44
Q

Incontinence

A

Involuntary urination and defecation

45
Q

Independence vs. dependence

A

Independence can do it on their own, dependence you can’t

46
Q

Infant physical development

A 
Failure to thrive - triple their weight
Reflexes present
   Moro reflex - startle reflex
   Rooting reflex - rub their cheek and open their mouths and turn that way
   Sucking reflex - triggered by something lightly touching their lips
   Grasp reflex - just like it sounds
Muscle coordination 
   No control
   3-4: ability to roll over
   6-8: able to sit up
   8 months and a year: locomotion
Vision
   Only see black and white
   1 year: close vision
47
Q

Levels of communication

A

Interpersonal - self talk
Interpersonal - talking to someone
Public - speaking to a group

48
Q

Living will

A

A written statement detailing a person’s desires regarding their medical treatment in circumstances in which they are no longer able to…

49
Q

Loneliness among elderly

A

Myth: Many elderly individuals socialize by being involved in activities

50
Q

Loss of adipose tissue in elderly

A 
Inability to maintain body temp
Skin losses elasticity 
Flabby skin and wrinkles
Skin gets very thin
Ecchyomosis , bruises
51
Q

Melanin patches

A

Age spots

52
Q

Middle adulthood

A

Age 40-65

53
Q

Moro reflex

A

Startle reflex

54
Q

Need for safety and security

A

Free from anxiety, fear
Need for security in environment
Need for order and routine
Preference for things that are familiar

55
Q

Needs of humans

A

lack of something that is required or desired

56
Q

Nonverbal behavior

A 
Appearance - how are you dressed, personal hygiene
Posture and gait - the way you walk
Facial expression
Hand gestures
Touch and space
57
Q

Ombudsman

A

An official appointed to investigate individuals’ complaints against maladministration, esp. that of public authorities.

58
Q

Osteomyelitis

A

Inflammation of bone or bone marrow, usually due to infection.

59
Q

Pacing

A

just walk up and down all day long

60
Q

Patient advocate

A

Stands up for the patients right

61
Q

Patients right (what are they)

A

The right to be informed, to make decisions, to association and communication, personal privacy, personal property, freedom from abuse and restraint, to quality care and dignity

62
Q

Percentage of individuals living in long term care

A

5%

63
Q

Pillaging

A

Looking for stuff

64
Q

Projection

A

placing the blame on others, always someone else’s fault not mine

65
Q

Psychological care of dying

A

Give them control-not going to change the fact that they are dying, let them set the tone, deal with their fear, let them set their death in their terms

66
Q

Psychological barrier of communication

A

Individuals state of mind

67
Q

Puberty

A

Development of sex organs
Secretes sex hormones
Secondary sex characteristics start to develop

68
Q

Rationalization

A

a reasonable explanation for the behavior, not the real reason

69
Q

Reality orientation

A

a program designed to improve cognitive and psychomotor function in persons who are confused or disoriented

70
Q

Retirement

A

The period of one’s life after leaving one’s job and ceasing to work.

71
Q

Right to die

A

Doctor assisted suicide

72
Q

Rooting reflex

A

rub their cheek and open their mouths and turn that way

73
Q

Self-actualization

A

Realized their full potential

74
Q

Sexual needs of elderly

A

They still have it but it is necessarily sex

75
Q

Sexuality needs

A

Sexuality: feeling concerning masculinity and femininity
Reproduce
Feeling you are worth something

76
Q

Signs of abuse

A

Bruises (old and new, clustered on one part of body, or on both upper arms)
Burns
Cuts or scars
Marks left by a gag (or some form of restraint)
Imprint injuries (eg., marks shaped like fingers, thumbs, hands, belts or sticks)
Missing teeth
Spotty balding (from pulled hair)
Eye injuries (black eyes or detached retinas)
Broken bones
Sprains
Abrasions or scrapes
Vaginal or rectal pain
Bleeding from the ears, nose or mouth
Frequent urinary tract infections or yeast infections
Painful urination
Abrasions, bleeding, or bruising in the genital area
Incontinence in someone who was previously toilet-trained
Frequent sore throats
Sudden onset of psychosomatic complaints (males most frequently complain of stomach aches while females most frequently report headaches)
Sudden difficulty walking or sitting

77
Q

Signs of suicide

A 
Preoccupation with death
Giving away prized possessions 
Changes in sleep pattern
Sudden and extreme changes in eating
Withdrawal for family friends and other social networks
Content with being by themselves
Changes in school performances
Major personality switches
Use of drug and alcohol
Expectation is failure
Recent sucides in community
Suicide attempts
78
Q

Social development of 2 year old

A

Go from very me orientated to social at 6

79
Q

Socialization

A

interactions and relationships with others

80
Q

Stages of dying

A

triggered by something lightly touching their lips

81
Q

Sundowning

A

as the sun goes down symptoms get worse

82
Q

Suppression

A

when you are aware of these unwanted feeling you put in a part of your unconscious brain

83
Q

Thrombus

A

Blood clot that is stuck

84
Q

TIA’s

A

Mini stroke ( ischemic attack: brief episode in which the brain gets insufficient blood supply)

85
Q

Time frame when physical changes occur in elderly

A

65 years and older

86
Q

Trust vs. mistrust

A

Trust: Firm belief in the reliability, truth, ability, or strength of someone or something.

Mistrust: lack of trust

87
Q

Vascular degeneration

A

Vascular degeneration:
Vessel lose elasticity, can’t restrict or dilate
Plaque being built up in arteries
Hypertension
Blood isn’t pumped up to the heart quickly
More likely to throw an emboli (floating clot)

88
Q

What are perceptions (communications)?

A

an active process of becoming aware and understanding ones environment that is unique to the individual and is strongly influence by communication.

89
Q

What are the basic needs?

A

food, water, oxygen, elimination of waste, sleep, protection of temperature

90
Q

What is mental development?

A

Mind development

91
Q

What is safety needs?

A

Free from anxiety, fear
Need for security in environment
Need for order and routine
Preference for things that are familiar

92
Q

Withdrawal

A

When you are without something

H.O.E. (6 decks)

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