Exam 2 Stuff Flashcards
tactile stimulation
fetal movement- touching face, hands, umbilical cord, licking uterine wall
fetal taste develops when
3.5 months in utero
fetal sound develops when
6 months in utero
xenophobes
prefers mother’s native tongue to foreign
Mozart effect
claiming to increase attention span, expand cognitive powers etc. but NO EVIDENCE & harmful to stick headphones in baby’s ear
ultrasound
not before 15 weeks gestation
amniocentesis
sample of amniotic fluid to test fetal cells
chorionic villus sampling CVS
tissues from hairlike chorionic villi are removed from placenta and analyzed - early diagnosis of birth defects and disorders - 10-12 weeks
embryoscopy
tiny viewing scope inserted in woman’s abdomen to view embryo to fetus - can guide blood transfusions and bone marrow transplants
fetal blood sampling
needle guided by ultrasound is inserted into blood vessels of umbilical cord. gives you DNA - test for blood disorders
maternal blood sampling
sample of blood of mother is tested for levels of alpha fetorpotein, human chorionic gonadotropin and cestriol - indicated defects in formation of brain and spinal cord
1st stage of childbirth
dilation of cervix - 12-14 hours, contractions (15-20 min apart to 2-5), stage lasts until cervix is open (4 inches/10 cm)
2nd stage of childbirth
descent and emergence of baby - 1 or 2 hours, begins when baby’s head begins to move through the cervix
3rd stage of childbirth
explosion of the placenta - 10 min to 1 hour, placenta and umbilical cord are expelled from the mother
parturition
process of uterine, cervical, and other changes, usually lasting about 2 weeks preceding childbirth, begins when placenta has an increase in CRH (protein)
Braxton-Hicks Contractions
false contractions during the final months of pregnancy - helps tone the muscles and blood flow
Electronic Fetal Monitoring
mechanical monitoring of fetal heartbeat during labor and delivery - how baby is responding to stress of contractions
Cesarian delivery
30% of all births; labor is too slow, fetus is in trouble, mother is bleeding, older moms and 1st/large babies
prepared childbirth/natural
analgesic, lamaze and doula
lamaze
acknowledges the pain of labor and teaches mothers to work actively with controlled breathing
doula
an experienced mentor, coach and helper who can furnish emotional support & information throughout labor
midwife
trained, helps mother deliver baby but doesn’t help with emotional support throughout
medicated delivery
regional anesthesia inserted into spinal cord
pedunal block
vaginal anesthesia, given if requested in 2nd stage of labor or if forceps are used
average length of baby
20 inches; 18-22 in
average weight of baby
7.5 lbs; 5.5-10 lbs
fontanels
soft spots on head
lanugo
hair on babies that haven’t fallen off yet but will after a few days of birth
vernix caseosa
white, oily, cheese like substance that is absorbed on the skin after birth but protects against infection in the womb
meconium
stringy, greenish-black waste matter formed in the fetal intestinal tract that babies poop first days/weeks
anoxia
lack of oxygen, get if baby doesn’t begin breathing within 5 minutes of birth
juandice
1/2 of all babies develop it
phototherapy
treatment for jaundice; place baby in billilights or a well lit window for 10 minutes 2x a day
APGAR scale
score ALWAYS given at 1, 5 & 10 mins; avg. = 7, 4-7 needs help
Appearance
0 = blue and pale, 1 = body pink, limbs blue, 2 = all pink
Pulse
0 = absent, 1 = slow (<100), 2 = rapid
Grimace
0 = none, 1 = grimace, 2 = coughing and crying
Activity
0 = limp, 1 = weak, 2 = strong
Respiration
0 = absent, 1 = irregular, slow, 2 = good, crying
NBAS
suitable for infants up to 2 months, physical & social environment = assesses motor organization, reflexes, state changes, attention and interactive capacities and indication of CNS inability. about 30 minutes
preterm baby
infants born before completing 37th week of gestation
small-for-date baby
infants whose birth weight is less than that of 90% of babies of the same gestational age as a result of slow fetal growth
low-birth-weight
infants who weight less than 5.5 pounds at birth bc of prematurity or being small-for-date
4 reasons that increase likelihood a woman will have an underweight baby
- demographic & SE factors 2. medical factors predating pregnancy
- prenatal behavior and environmental factors
- medical conditions associated with the pregnancy
open field test
the more secure you are the more explorative you are
kangaroo care
skin-to-skin contact in which a newborn is laid face down between mother’s breasts. make adjustments to outside world
disappearance of a learned reflex means what?
indicates that a learned behavior has taken over
primitive reflexes
instinctive needs for survival and protection
postural reflexes
reactions to changes in position or balance - first 2 to 4 months
Locomotor reflexes
resemble voluntary movements that do not appear until months after these reflexes have disappeared
moro reflex
when a baby is dropped or hears loud noises, they extend legs, arms and fingers (appears 7th month gestation, disappears 3rd month)
darwinian reflex
palm of baby’s hand (palmar) or foot (plantar) is stroked and baby makes strong fist (appears 7th month gestation, disappears 4 months)
tonic neck
baby laid down on back, turns head to one side and extends arms and legs on the one side; fencer position (appears 7th month gestation, disappears 5 months)
babkin reflex
when both of baby’s palms are stroked at once, their mouth opens, eyes close, neck flexes and head tilts forward (appears birth, disappears 3 months)
babinski reflex
when the sole of the baby’s foot is stoked the babies toes fan out and toes go in (appears at birth, disappears 4 months)
rooting
babys cheek or lower lip is stroked and baby turns head, opens mouth and sucking movements begin (appears at birth, disappears 9 months)
walking reflex
baby is held under arms with bare feet touching flat surface and baby makes steplike motions that look like walking (appears 1 month, disappears 4 month)
swimming reflex
baby is put into water face down, makes well-coordinated swimming movements (appears 1 month, disappears 4 months)
denver developmental screening test
screening test given to children age 1 month to 6 years to determine whether they are developing normally. test gross motor skills and fine motor skills
head control
at birth, infants can turn head side to side while on back. while lying chest down, many can lift head enough to turn. within firs 2-3 months, lift heads higher and higher. by 4 months almost all infants can keep heads erect while being held or in sitting position
hand control
~3.5 months – most infants can grasp an object such as a rattle but cannot hold smaller objects
7-11 months become coordinated enough to pick up tiny object
15 months, average baby can build tower of two cues.
+3 years average toddler can copy a circle
ecological theory of perception
eleanor and james gibson designed it, describes developing motor and perceptual abilities as interdependent parts of a function system that guides behavior in varying context
when do babies perceive depth?
when they need it (mobile)
rats and depth perception
did not react fearfully/not fearfully bc they don’t rely on visual senses to survive
aquatic turtles and depth perception
no evolved sense of falling bc they can’t fall in their natural habitat
