Exam 2 Study Term

Question 1

Culture

Answer 1

Set of values, beliefs, rules and institutions held by a specific group of people

Question 2

Subculture

Answer 2

a group of people who share a unique way of life within a larger, dominant culture.

Question 3

Ethnocentricity

Answer 3

is the belief that one’s own ethnic group or culture is superior to that of others.

Question 4

Cultural Literacy

Answer 4

detailed knowledge about a culture that enables a person to work happily and effectively within it

Question 5

Values

Answer 5

Ideas, beliefs, and customs to which people are emotionally attached.
ex. honesty, freedom, and responsibility

Question 6

Attitudes

Answer 6

reflect a people’s underlying values and tendencies that individuals harbor toward objects or concepts

Question 7

Manners

Answer 7

appropriate ways of behaving, speaking and dressing in a culture

Question 8

customs

Answer 8

habits or ways of behaving in specific circumstances that are passed down through generations in a culture.

Question 9

Social structure

Answer 9

embodies a culture's fundamental organization, including its groups and institutions, its system of social positions and their relationships, and the process by which its resources are distributed. 
3 groups:
social group associations
social status
social mobility

Question 10

social group association

Answer 10

collection of two or more people who identify and interact with each other

Question 11

social status

Answer 11

positions within the structure

social stratification

Question 12

social mobility

Answer 12

ease with which individuals can move up or down a culture’s social ladder

Question 13

Brain Drain

Answer 13

Departure of highly educated people from one profession, geographic region, or nation to another

Question 14

communication

Answer 14

system of conveying thoughts, feelings, knowledge, and information through speech, writing and actions

Question 15

body language

Answer 15

Communicated through unspoken cues, including hand gestures, facial expressions, physical greetings, eye contact, and the manipulation of personal space.

Question 16

M or Monochromatic

Answer 16

time is very linear and is a very ridged/precise thing

Question 17

p or polychromatic

Answer 17

time runs on many levels simultaneously

Question 18

cultural diffusion

Answer 18

The process whereby cultural traits spread from one culture to another

Question 19

cultural imperialism

Answer 19

the replacement of one culture’s traditions, folk heroes, and artifacts with substitutes from another

Question 20

Segmentation

Answer 20

Breaking large group of potential customers into smaller groups that have common needs. Similar reaction to marketing efforts

Question 21

Targeting

Answer 21

Identifying which segments to go after

Question 22

Differentiaion

Answer 22

Defining how you are going to be different from competitors targeting that segment
**focuses on developing a marketing mix that your target consumers will see as distinct from and superior to competing mixes.

Question 23

Positioning

Answer 23

The strategy of making your brand occupy a distinct “position” in the minds of consumers

Question 24

The 4 P’s

Answer 24

product, promotion and place

Question 25

Pricing Methods

Answer 25

Cost-based pricing
market-based pricing
value-based pricing

Question 26

Blending Product and Promotional Strategies

Answer 26

Product/Communications Extension(Dual Extension)

Product Extension/Communications Adaptation

Product Adaptation/Communications Extension Extension

Product/communication Adap

Question 27

Product/Communications Extension (Dual Extension)

Answer 27

Extend the same home-market product and marketing promotion into target markets. slide 55

Question 28

Product Extension/ Communications Adaption

Answer 28

Extend the same product into target markets but alters its promotion

Question 29

Product Adaptation/Communications Extension

Answer 29

Adapt the product to the requirements of the international market while retaining the product’s original marketing communication

Question 30

Product/Communications Adaptation (Dual Adaption)

Answer 30

Adapt both the product and its marketing communication to suit the target market

Question 31

Human Resource Management

Answer 31

Process of staffing a company and ensuring that employees are as productive as possibile

Question 32

Human Resource Management

Answer 32

Process of staffing a company and ensuring that employees are as productive as possibile

Question 33

Ethnocentric Staffing

Answer 33

Staffing policy in which individuals from the home country manage operations aboard

Question 34

Polycentric Staffing

Answer 34

staffing policy in which individuals from the host country mange operations

Question 35

Geocentric Staffing

Answer 35

staffing policy in which the best-qualified individuals, regardless of nationality, manage operations aboard

Question 36

Human Resource Planning

Answer 36

Process of forecasting a company’s human resource needs and its supply

Question 37

Phases of Human Resource Planning

Answer 37

1. Take inventory of current human resources
2. Estimate firm’s future human resource needs
3. Develop plan to recruit and select people for vacant and anticipated new positons

Question 38

Recruitment

Answer 38

Process of identifying and attracting a qualified pool of applicants for vacant positions

Question 39

Culture Shock

Answer 39

Psychological process affecting people living abroad that is characterized by homesickness, irritability, confusion, aggravation, and depression

Question 40

expatriate failure

Answer 40

the early return by an employee from an international assignment because of inadequate job performance

Question 41

Reverse Culture Shock

Answer 41

Psychological process of re adapting to one’s home culture