Exam 2 study questions

Question 1

Describe the differences in the various nervous systems (somatic, autonomic, sympathetic,
parasympathetic, and enteric)

Answer 1

Somatic- sensed; voluntary movements

autonomic- controls involuntary functions

Sympathetic- branch of autonomic nervous system, fight or flight

Parasympathetic- branch of autonomic, rest and digest functions

Enteric- functions independently to control GI tract, manages peristalsis, secretion of digestive enzymes

Question 2

What is cholinergic transmission dependent on?

Answer 2

extracellular calcium

Question 3

Describe the steps of cholinergic transmission

Answer 3

Action potential reaches terminal -> triggers Ca++ influx -> Ca++ destabilizes storage vesicles -> fusion of vesicle with terminal membrane -> exocytosis release contents into synaptic cleft -> ACh plus cotransmitters (ATP, peptides) -> ACh broken down by AChE

Question 4

What transports choline into the presynaptic terminal?

Answer 4

CHT transporters, cotransporter with Na+

Question 5

What transporters

Question 6

What are the 6 classes of neurotransmitters and examples of each?

Answer 6

1. Esters- ACh
2. Monoamines- norepinephrine, serotonin, dopamine
3. Amino acids- glutamate, GABA
4. Purines- adenosine, ATP
5. Peptides- Substance P, endorphins
6. Inorganic gases- Nitric oxide