exam 2 study guide given Flashcards
In basic experiments, researchers must make every effort to ensure that the only difference between an experimental group and a control group is the _____.
independent variable
variable that varies along with the independent variable is ___
confounding variable
To study the effect of noisy environments on the performance of students in exams, a high school teacher divided her students into two random groups. For one group, she conducted an exam in a noisy environment. For the other group, the exam was conducted in a quiet environment. Later, she measured the effect of the noisy environment on the performance of the students. In this scenario, the teacher most likely followed a _____.
posttest only design
Two researchers observe phone behaviors on a college campus. The first researcher records a large number of people using their phones within a one-hour period. The second researcher also records many people on their phones during the same period. Because both researchers agree in their observations, we can feel fairly confident the study has:
interrater reliability.
Michelle shows participants photographs of models and asks them to rate the attractiveness of each person. She then shows participants photographs of people who are not models and asks them to rate the attractiveness of each person. She finds that participants rate the people who are not models much lower. What effect may be responsible for the lower ratings of the people who are not models?
a carryover effect
Considering the scales of measurement, the Celsius scale on a thermometer is an example of a/n _____ scale.
interval
Which is a disadvantage of using the strongest manipulation possible in a research
It may create a situation very different from the real-world situation.
Rudolph designs a test to measure emotional intelligence. He finds that scores of emotional intelligence have no relationship with conceptually unrelated variables - such as mathematical understanding or spatial reasoning. Which is true of the test?
The test has discriminant validity.
Which is true of double-blind experiments?
The experimenter is unaware of whether a placebo or the actual drug is being administered.
To study the effect of different stimulus types on memory recall, Jimmy divided participants into equivalent groups. Participants received either an auditory or a visual presentation of a poem. After the presentation, participants were asked to answer several questions about the poem. Which type of experimental design has Jimmy used?
posttest-only design
A researcher wants to test the assertion that in comparison to younger politicians, older politicians in the 20th century were involved in a greater number of fraud cases. Which will be the most suitable observation method in this scenario?
archival research
Jeanie wants to know whether wearing sunglasses improves driving performance. If she uses an independent groups design, she would manipulate the variable by:
randomly requiring half the drivers to drive with sunglasses and the other half to drive without sunglasses.
Tracy wants to study the different behavioral patterns displayed by the members of her organization using naturalistic participant observation. Which of the following will be true of this study?
She might lose the objectivity required to conduct scientific observation.
Julia observes a child’s behavior when the child views aggressive cartoons. She records the child’s behavior every 30 seconds, coding for whether the the child hits, kicks, or throws toys. This observational technique is best described as ________ observation.
systematic
Keith measures the amount of time two people spend gazing into each other’s eyes as an indication of interpersonal attraction. In this scenario, Keith is most likely using a/n:
behavioral measure.
