Exam 2 Study Guide - Deck 2

Question 1

How do you treat a corneal abrasion?

Answer 1

Treat by washing out w/ clean water, blinking
do NOT rub the eyes
use soft tissue/swab to lift object out of the eye.

Question 2

How much time does it take for a corneal abrasion to heal?

Answer 2

Usually heals in one to three days.

Question 3

What is an Hyphema?

Answer 3

Blood in the anterior chamber of the eye behind the cornia and in front of the iris.

Question 4

What is the typical cause of a hyphema

Answer 4

Trauma to the eye

Question 5

Signs/Symptoms of hyphema?

Answer 5

pain
sensitivity to light
affected vision

Question 6

What is the typical treatment for hyphema?

Answer 6

May not need treatment, blood can drain out in a couple of days
Blood in the posterior chamber would be a medical emergency

Question 7

What is conjunctivitis? (aka pinkeye)

Answer 7

Inflammation of conjunctiva, the outer most layer of the eye and inner surface of the eyelids.

Question 8

What are common signs/symptoms of allergic conjunctivitis?

Answer 8

Typically itchy
Lid Swelling
May have redness or discharge

Question 9

How is allergic conjunctivitis treated?

Answer 9

Eye drops
anti-inflammatory medications
antihistamines

Question 10

What are typical signs/symptoms of viral conjunctivitis?

Answer 10

Often associated w/ an infection of the upper respiratory tract, cold, or sore throat
Red eye
Watery discharge
Variable itch
May start in one eye, then spread to the other

Question 11

How is viral conjunctivitis treated?

Answer 11

eye drops

anti-inflammatory medications

Question 12

What are typical signs/symptoms of bacterial conjunctivitis?

Answer 12

Red eye
Grittiness/irritation
Opaque, grey, or yellowish purulent discharge
Matting (lids stick together)
Crusting of the eye and surrounding skin
Usually affects one eye but may spread to the other

Question 13

How is bacterial conjunctivitis treated?

Answer 13

Treated w/ antibiotics
eye drops
anti-inflammatory medications

Question 14

What should be avoided with anybody suffering from conjunctivitis?

Answer 14

Avoid touching or rubbing the eyes and do NOT share towels

Question 15

What are the signs of a retinal tear?

Answer 15

Floaters

Gray curtain or veil moving across your field of vision. Refer to physician for surgery

Question 16

What occurs in a retinal tear?

Answer 16

The retina is pulled away from the back of the eye, its a very serious problem that can lead to blindness unless treated

Question 17

How do you evaluate a corneal abrasion?

Answer 17

Usually quite painful, will feel like sand or grit in the eye
pt will tear up
have red eyes and blurred vision

Question 18

What is a corneal abrasion, how do they occur?

Answer 18

Caused by cut or scratch on the cornea, from a foreign object like sand, grit, or a finger

Question 19

What should the tympanic membrane look like?

Answer 19

Pearly gray

Question 20

How do you care for a tooth avulsion?

Answer 20

Place the tooth in cold milk, do NOT rinse it in water. Put sterile gauze on the socket and apply pressure for bleeding. Refer to dentist

Question 21

What is the difference between Type I and Type II Diabetes

Answer 21

Type I - the pancreas does not produce insulin, heavily dependent on genetics, commonly develops in childhood and early adulthood.
Type II - The body produces insulin but either not enough or it doesn’t work properly, usually occurs later in life due to poor health and diet.

Question 22

What are typical signs/symptoms of Type I Diabetes

Answer 22

polyuria (sugar in the blood)
polydipsia (excessive thirst)
polyphagia (excessive hunger)
weight loss
Ketotic breath (sweat breath)

Question 23

What is the common treatment of Type I Diabetes

Answer 23

Diabetes education
insulin injection
glucose monitoring

Question 24

What are typical signs/symptoms of Type II Diabetes?

Answer 24

similar to type 1
polyuria
polydipsia
tingling in hands
visual changes
overweight
decreases sensation 
retinal abnormalities

Question 25

What is the common treatment of Type II Diabetes?

Answer 25

Weight loss
Frequent glucose monitoring
Oral hypoglycemics
Insulin
Monitoring of eye/kidney/nerve damage

Question 26

What is graves disease?

Answer 26

An immune system disorder that results from hyperthyroidism. Over production of the hormone.
Most common amoung women before the age of 40

Question 27

What are signs/symptoms of graves disease?

Answer 27

Anxiety
irritability 
difficulty sleeping
fatigue
rapid heart beat
shakes mostly in the hands
sensitivity to heat
weight loss despite normal eating habits
enlargment of thyroid gland
change in menstrual cycle  in women and ED in men

Question 28

What is hypoglycemia?

Answer 28

Low blood sugar

Question 29

What are common signs/symptoms of hypoglycemia?

Answer 29

Nausea
dizziness
blurred vision
weakness/shakiness
headaches
loss of consciousness
seizures

Question 30

What are some guidelines for an ATC caring for hypoglycemia?

Answer 30

Frequent monitoring of blood glucose levels before, during, and after competitions.
Consume carbs if below 80-100
Keep quick dissolving glucose tablets or gel in pack.

Question 31

What is hyperglycemia?

Answer 31

High blood sugar

Question 32

What are typical signs/symptoms of hyperglycemia?

Answer 32

High levels of sugar in the blood
frequent urination
increased thirst

Question 33

What are some guidelines for an ATC caring for hyperglycemia?

Answer 33

Frequent monitoring of blood glucose levels before, during, and after competitions.
Stop competition if BGL are above 250
Keep insulin shots on hand in your pack
Educate athlete on proper diet

Question 34

How many shots do you need to be immunized for HBV?

Answer 34

3

Question 35

How does MRSA typically present?

Answer 35

The infection can look like an ordinary skin wound or boil.  One presents with symptoms of: 
fever
puss
swelling
pain