Exam 2 Study Guide - Deck 2 Flashcards
How do you treat a corneal abrasion?
Treat by washing out w/ clean water, blinking
do NOT rub the eyes
use soft tissue/swab to lift object out of the eye.
How much time does it take for a corneal abrasion to heal?
Usually heals in one to three days.
What is an Hyphema?
Blood in the anterior chamber of the eye behind the cornia and in front of the iris.
What is the typical cause of a hyphema
Trauma to the eye
Signs/Symptoms of hyphema?
pain
sensitivity to light
affected vision
What is the typical treatment for hyphema?
May not need treatment, blood can drain out in a couple of days
Blood in the posterior chamber would be a medical emergency
What is conjunctivitis? (aka pinkeye)
Inflammation of conjunctiva, the outer most layer of the eye and inner surface of the eyelids.
What are common signs/symptoms of allergic conjunctivitis?
Typically itchy
Lid Swelling
May have redness or discharge
How is allergic conjunctivitis treated?
Eye drops
anti-inflammatory medications
antihistamines
What are typical signs/symptoms of viral conjunctivitis?
Often associated w/ an infection of the upper respiratory tract, cold, or sore throat
Red eye
Watery discharge
Variable itch
May start in one eye, then spread to the other
How is viral conjunctivitis treated?
eye drops
anti-inflammatory medications
What are typical signs/symptoms of bacterial conjunctivitis?
Red eye
Grittiness/irritation
Opaque, grey, or yellowish purulent discharge
Matting (lids stick together)
Crusting of the eye and surrounding skin
Usually affects one eye but may spread to the other
How is bacterial conjunctivitis treated?
Treated w/ antibiotics
eye drops
anti-inflammatory medications
What should be avoided with anybody suffering from conjunctivitis?
Avoid touching or rubbing the eyes and do NOT share towels
What are the signs of a retinal tear?
Floaters
Gray curtain or veil moving across your field of vision. Refer to physician for surgery
What occurs in a retinal tear?
The retina is pulled away from the back of the eye, its a very serious problem that can lead to blindness unless treated
How do you evaluate a corneal abrasion?
Usually quite painful, will feel like sand or grit in the eye
pt will tear up
have red eyes and blurred vision
What is a corneal abrasion, how do they occur?
Caused by cut or scratch on the cornea, from a foreign object like sand, grit, or a finger
What should the tympanic membrane look like?
Pearly gray
How do you care for a tooth avulsion?
Place the tooth in cold milk, do NOT rinse it in water. Put sterile gauze on the socket and apply pressure for bleeding. Refer to dentist
What is the difference between Type I and Type II Diabetes
Type I - the pancreas does not produce insulin, heavily dependent on genetics, commonly develops in childhood and early adulthood.
Type II - The body produces insulin but either not enough or it doesn’t work properly, usually occurs later in life due to poor health and diet.
What are typical signs/symptoms of Type I Diabetes
polyuria (sugar in the blood) polydipsia (excessive thirst) polyphagia (excessive hunger) weight loss Ketotic breath (sweat breath)
What is the common treatment of Type I Diabetes
Diabetes education
insulin injection
glucose monitoring
What are typical signs/symptoms of Type II Diabetes?
similar to type 1 polyuria polydipsia tingling in hands visual changes overweight decreases sensation retinal abnormalities
